Review materials of the history of biogeography in grade seven (1) (math review questions)

Baijinmei from Xinjian Road Middle School, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province

Choose one first (2 points for each question, ***40 points)

1. Which of the following is not the characteristic of all living things ()?

A. Breathing B. Need nutrition C. Composed of cells D. Growth and reproduction

2. Both plant cells and animal cells have the structure of ().

A. vacuole B. chloroplast C. cell wall D. mitochondria

3. The following food chain is correct ()

A. Grass → Rat → Snake → Eagle B. Eagle → Snake → Rat → Grass

C. Grass/mouse/snake/eagle D. Eagle/snake/grass

4. If the image seen in the microscope field of view is located at the lower right of the field of view, how to move the glass slide so that the image is located in the center of the field of view? ( )

A. move the slide to the upper left corner. B. move the slide to the lower right corner.

C. move the slide to the lower left. Move the slide to the upper right.

5. The following does not belong to the ecosystem is ()

A.A Farmland B Pond C All the Fish in Jialing River D Biosphere

6. Which of the following organisms can monitor the degree of air pollution ()

A. kelp B. cucurbitacin C. Guanzhong D. manjianghong

7. The following does not belong to single-celled organisms is ()

A. Chlamydomonas B. Spirogyra C. Paramecium D. Amoeba

8. What are the seedlings of seed plants developed from? ( )

A. seed coat B. cotyledon C. embryo D. endosperm

9. Which of the following groups of microscopes sees the least cells in the field of view ()?

A. 10×、4× B. 10×、 10× C. 16×、 10× D. 16×、40×

10. What is not a protected organization is ().

A. Onion epidermis B. Tomato pericarp C. Leaf epidermis D. Veins

1 1. The place where photosynthesis takes place is ()

A. mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell walls, vacuoles.

12. People's ears, eyes and heart belong to ().

A. tissue b, organ c, system d, new cells

13. Some flowers of Luffa don't bear fruit because of the lack of flower structure ()

A. stamens, pistils, sepals, petals

14. in the experiment of "green leaves make organic matter under light", the purpose of putting potted geranium in the dark day and night is ()

A. Consume water in leaves B. Consume organic matter in leaves

C, consuming chlorophyll d and inorganic salts in leaves.

15. Some lawless elements skinned Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. As a medicinal material, trees die mainly because what structure in bark is destroyed ().

A. screen B. conduit C. pulp D. cambering

16. Among the following vegetation types, the most abundant plant species should be ().

A. Grassland B. Tropical rain forest C. Evergreen broad-leaved forest D. Deciduous broad-leaved forest

17. Among the following organisms, the one that must be parasitic in living cells is ().

A. fungi, bacteria, viruses, yeast

18. The result of cell differentiation is the formation of ().

A. tissue b, organ c, system d, individual

19. The chameleon can change its body color with the surrounding environment, which shows that ()

A. Biology can change the environment B. Biology can adapt to the environment.

C. Biological dependence on the environment D. Bioenergy will affect the environment

20. When raising fish, planting aquatic plants at the bottom of the fish tank is mainly for ().

A. let the fish tank look good. Increase the number of creatures in the fish tank

C, increase the oxygen D in the fish tank and increase the nutrients in the fish tank.

Second, fill in (65438+ 0 points per grid, ***20 points)

1. Tissue is the main substance in root tips and buds of plants; The epidermis of leaves is mainly composed of tissues.

2. Plants need a variety of inorganic salts all their lives, among which the most needed inorganic salts are contained, contained and contained.

3. Biological respiration is completed in living cells; Photosynthesis is complete.

4. The part where roots absorb water is mainly the root tip, and there are many in this area. The fastest growing area of root tip is.

According to the living environment of living things, we can divide living things into "harmony".

6. When we eat watermelon, we will see a lot of juice flowing out, which comes from the cell structure; The structure that protects and supports plant cells is.

7. The carrier of genetic information in the nucleus is.

8. The virus has no cell structure, but consists of a shell and an interior.

9. The basic unit of organism structure and function is.

10. Organisms grow up in harmony.

Third, distinguish right from wrong (* *10)

1. Plants have ducts in their roots, stems and leaves. ( )

This virus is only harmful to human beings, but not beneficial to human beings. ( )

The structure of a flower must include stamens and pistils. ( )

Creatures can adapt to the environment and change it. ( )

5. All the green parts of plants can carry out photosynthesis. ( )

6. The respiration of plants only occurs at night. ( )

7. Green flowering plants are composed of six organs: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. ( )

8. A complete bone belongs to tissue. ( )

9. An ecosystem consists of producers, consumers and decomposers. ( )

10. Toxic substances will flow and pass along the food chain and food web. ( )

Iv. Identification chart (* *10)

1. (Please fill in the number of the corresponding structure on the horizontal line. ***5 points)

① The embryo of corn seed is composed of the following parts: the embryo of kidney bean seed is composed of.

② Endosperm is; Pericarp and seed coat are; The seed coat is.

Please fill in the structure represented by each number in the figure below on the horizontal line. (***5 points)

In the structural diagram of the blade, 12 is, 13 is, 14 is, 15 is, 16 is.

Five, talk about it (5 points)

From 65438 to 0884, Eichhornia crassipes (also known as Eichhornia crassipes) originated in Venezuela in South America was sent to the World Expo in New Orleans, USA. People from all over the world saw its gorgeous flowers and brought it back to their respective countries as an ornamental plant. They seldom know that Eichhornia crassipes, an extremely fertile plant, has become a harmful plant, which has caused people all over the world a headache. In Africa, Eichhornia crassipes is all over the Nile; In Thailand, Eichhornia crassipes covers the Chao Phraya River; In the southern United States, the inland waterways along the Gulf of Mexico are also blocked by dense Eichhornia crassipes, which not only leads to the impassability of ships, but also leads to the extinction of fish and shrimp and the stink of river water. Dianchi Lake in Yunnan, China was also accused by experts of suffering from "ecological cancer" because of the crazy spread of water hyacinth.

After reading the above materials, please use your knowledge to analyze the phenomena in this material.

Six, classification (***5 points)

The picture above shows the creatures that Xiao Ming has investigated around him. Please classify them in two different ways.

Seven, do (* *10)

We often eat garlic in our life. The reason why it is yellow and white is that garlic grows in a dark environment and leaves lack chlorophyll. Please design an experiment to explore the conditions of chlorophyll formation.

Experimental material: garlic yellow

Question: (1)

Make assumptions: (1 min)

Make a plan: The variables in the experiment are. ( 1)

Method steps (2 points)

situation

experimental result

Experimental group

control group

Experimental conclusion: (1)

Reference answer

First, choose an option.

1 ~ 5 CDABC 6 ~ 10 bbcdd 1 1 ~ 15 bbba 16 ~ 20 bcabc

Second, fill in and check.

1. Meristem, Protection 2. N, P and K 3. Mitochondria and chloroplast 4. Mature area, root hair, elongation area.

5. Terrestrial organisms, aquatic organisms. Vacuole, cell wall 7. DNA 8。 Protein, genetic material.

9. Cell10. Cell division and cell growth

Third, distinguish right from wrong.

1~5 √××√√ 6~ 10 ×√××√

Fourth, recognize the map.

1.①3、4、5、6 ; 7、8、 10、 1 1

②2 ; 1 ; 9 。

2. Veins, upper epidermis, mesophyll, lower epidermis and stomata.

Verb (short for verb) Tell me about it.

As long as the viewpoint that "organisms can adapt to and influence the environment" is mentioned in the analysis.

Classification of intransitive verbs

The first kind:

Plants: Rose, Chlamydomonas, Ginkgo biloba, cactus.

Animals: fish, dogs, birds.

Other creatures: mushrooms

The second type:

Terrestrial creatures: rose, ginkgo, cactus, dog, bird, mushroom.

Aquatic organisms: Chlamydomonas, fish

Seven, do it.

Ask a question: Will light affect the formation of chlorophyll?

Let's assume that light will affect the formation of chlorophyll.

Make a plan: the variable in the experiment is light.

The method comprises the following steps: taking 20 identical Chinese chives and dividing them into two groups, one group is placed indoors, covered with a carton, and the other group is placed in the sun, and the two groups of Chinese chives are watered regularly; Continuous culture for a week.

situation

experimental result

Experimental group

smooth

The leaves are green

control group

non-luminous

The leaves are yellow and white

Experimental conclusion: Light will affect the formation of chlorophyll, and chlorophyll can be formed under the condition of light.

People's education printing plate seventh grade first volume history final comprehensive volume

Yuan Xiangyang, Teacher Training and Education Research Center, Cuiping District, Yibin City, Sichuan Province

Matters needing attention: ① The whole volume is ***8 pages, with full score of 100. The examination time is 90 minutes. All closed volumes.

Before the exam, candidates must fill in the school, name and test number accurately.

Please answer the questions with a pen or ballpoint pen, not a pencil or a red pen. The handwriting should be clear and the surface should be neat.

Title number

one

two

three

four

five

Total score

aggregate score

score

First, multiple-choice questions (this big question ***20 small questions. 2 points for each small question, ***40 points. Please fill in the correct answer in the corresponding serial number in the table below)

Title number

1

2

three

four

five

six

seven

eight

nine

10

answer

Title number

1 1

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

answer

1. Multiple choice questions: There is only one correct answer to the following questions. Please fill in the letter code before the correct answer in the brackets after the question. (30%)

1. About latitude and longitude lines, the correct statement is ().

A. Each meridian forms its own circle.

B. the weft lengths are all equal.

C. There are 360 meridians on the earth.

D. Latitude indicates the east-west direction

2. The equatorial circumference of the earth is about ().

A, 40,000km b, 80,000km d, 40,000m d and 80,000m.

3. Use 120 E warp, and the warp coil is ().

A.60 watt b, 60 watt c, 120 watt d, 120 watt e.

4. The longitude of the prime meridian is ()

A. 180 B、0 C、 160 E D、20 W

5. The equator is ()

A. the starting point of dividing longitude B. the dividing line between the eastern and western hemispheres

Zizhenggong

Direction of motion

Time required for one rotation

Center of rotation

The geographical phenomenon.

C, the dividing line of the northern hemisphere d, 90 parallel

6. The two started from the South Pole at the same time and headed north along 40 E and 20 W respectively. Here's the thing.

( )

A.they won't meet.

B.they can meet at the south pole.

C.the distance between them is always the same.

D. they are the farthest from each other on the equator.

7. On the globe, 0 latitude and 0 longitude are compared ()

A, they are equal in length; B, 0 parallel line is slightly longer.

C, 0 longitude is slightly longer, and D, 0 longitude is about half the length of 0 latitude.

8. The longitude range of the Eastern Hemisphere is ()

A.0 to 180 b, 20 W west to160 e.

C, between 0° e and160 w d, 20 W east to160 e.

9. About the narrative of the earth's hemisphere, the correct one is ()

A.20 n is not necessarily located in the northern hemisphere.

B. 150 E meridian may not be in the eastern hemisphere.

Any latitude circle can divide the earth into two equal hemispheres.

Any twisted coil can divide the earth into two equal hemispheres.

10. About the change of latitude and longitude, the correct one is ().

A. the greater the longitude, the farther away from the prime meridian.

B. The higher the latitude, the closer it is to the equator.

C. the maximum longitude is 360 degrees.

The longitude east of d longitude 180 is getting bigger and bigger.

1 1. The characteristics of the earth's rotation and revolution are the same ().

A.b. direction

C, around the center D, geographical phenomena

12. The time of the earth's rotation is ().

A, 12 hour b, 24 hour c, 1 hour d, 1 year

13. Among the following festivals, the longest day in Beijing is ().

A, may 1 b, June 1 c, July 1 d, August 1.

14. We see the phenomenon that the sun, the moon and the stars rise in the east and set in the west every day because ()

The sun and stars go around the earth. B, the earth moves around the sun from west to east.

C. The earth rotates from west to east. D. When the earth rotates, its axis is inclined.

15. The Tropic of Cancer is ()

A, the dividing line between cold zone and temperate zone B, the dividing line between tropical zone and temperate zone

C, the dividing line between the southern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere D, whether there is an extreme dividing line between day and night.

Second, non-multiple choice questions (70%)

1. Fill in the blanks in the table below according to the contents in the table: (16%)

2. According to the reason of seasonal change, fill in the appropriate words in the following relationship. (6%)

3. Look at the picture below to answer the question: (13%)

(1) What are the latitudes and longitudes of point A and point B respectively?

Answer ()

B ()

(2) Fill in points C and D in the diagram.

20 degrees north latitude and 65438 degrees west longitude.

20 degrees north latitude

(3) The range in the figure is divided by the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere, belonging to

Hemisphere; Divided by the northern and southern hemispheres, belonging to the hemisphere.

(4) According to the direction indicated by the longitude and latitude lines, it can be judged that point B is located at point A. ..

4. Read the schematic diagram of the earth's revolution and complete the following requirements. ( 18%)

In the figure (1), the direction of the earth's revolution is indicated by the arrow on the orbit.

(2) Fill in the blanks in the boxes next to four different locations on the earth, and record the four solar terms of the northern hemisphere, namely, the vernal equinox, the summer solstice, the autumn equinox and the winter solstice.

(3) In position A, it is about a month; Position b, the sun shines directly on the ground; At position C, the length of day and night in Beijing is; In position D, Beijing is the season (festival).

5. Read the "Distribution Map of Five Zones on the Earth" and complete the following questions: (17%)

(1) Fill in the names of the five belts on the earth according to the figures in the picture:

A

B

C

D

E

(2) Write down the name of the dividing line of each belt in the appropriate position in the drawing, and write down the latitude.

(3) In Belt A, as far as solar illumination is concerned, the natural phenomena that may occur in a year are.

(4) Within one year, it can be received on the ground in Area C (sunlight).

First, multiple choice questions

1. At present, China has discovered the largest number of primitive human sites in the world. At present, the earliest known human discovery in China is in ().

A. Yunnan b Zhejiang c Beijing d Shaanxi province

2. The following statement about "Beijingers" is correct: ① Hands and feet have been separated; ② Artificial lighting has been adopted; ③ Using grinded stone tools; ④ Live in groups ()

A.①② B.①②③④ C.②③④ D.①④

Xiao Xuan decided to pay homage to the cultural ancestors of the Chinese nation with his family. They should go ().

A. Huangdi mausoleum B. Dayu tomb C. Qin Shihuang mausoleum D. Sun Yat-sen mausoleum

Food is the most important thing for people. The first food crop planted by our ancestors was ()

A. millet and wheat B. rice, corn C. rice, millet D. rice and wheat

5. "Concession" is the way of democratic election of tribal alliance leaders in primitive society in China. The implementation order of this method is ()

A. Shun → Yu → Yao

C. Yao → Yu → Shun

6. The criteria for classifying Xia Jie, Shang and Zhou Dynasties and Zhou Liwang as one category is ().

A. they all established a new dynasty.

They are all famous for their brutal rule.

C. everyone attaches great importance to talents and reforms internal affairs.

D. they are frivolous and love the people like children.

7. King Wu's Conquest Week was a just war. Zhou Wuwang led his army to defeat the Shang army in 1500.

A. Hanquan B. Fighting for deer C. Mu Ye D. Julu

8. The cultural relics shown on the right prove that the Shang civilization also achieved great success in which part of China ()

A. Yellow River Basin B. Pearl River Delta

C. Chengdu Plain D. Northeast Plain

9. The "feudal relatives and norms" in the materials reflect which of the following systems ()

A. patriarchal clan system B. enfeoffment system C. county system D. hereditary system

10. Realizing hegemony through war was a common means for governors to strive for hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period. The following achievements Jin Wengong central plains hegemony is ().

A. The Battle of Chengpu B. Battle of Red Cliffs C. The Battle of Guandu D. The Battle of Maling

1 1. When Xiao Xuan performs Qu Yuan in the history activity class, the line he should say should be ().

A. If we don't govern the world together, the world will be illegal.

B. I take a long breath to hide my tears and mourn the hardships of people's lives!

C. A threesome requires a teacher.

D. People are inherently mortal, either heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather.

12. In a museum, a commentator said, "This is the largest bronze ware found in the world at present, commonly known as the manger tripod ..." It should be ().

A B C D

14. When you go to the hospital sick, the doctor usually looks at your face, listens to your voice, asks about your illness and takes your pulse. From this we will think of ()

A. Bian Que B. Hua Tuo C. Zhang Zhongjing D. Li Shizhen

15. Confucius rated "a noble man who can go to heaven like a dragon" as ()

A. Huangdi B. Dayu C. Laozi D. Zhuge Liang

16.2007, Wang Liqun Reading Historical Records was broadcast in the lecture room of CCTV, which attracted many history lovers to watch. The following statement about Historical Records is wrong ()

A. The author Sima Guang lived in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

B: This is the first biography of China.

Described the history from Huangdi to Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty.

Affirmed the revolutionary initiative of Chen Sheng and Guangwu in the anti-Qin struggle.

17. When you meet a classmate who is lying and dishonest, which of the following stories can you use to help him ()?

A. get out of the way On paper. C. eat bread and taste courage. D.

18. People always mention "Qin Huang Wu Han" and say that the two of them have taken opposite measures on which of the following issues ().

A. Centralization B. Economic development C. Foreign invasion D. Confucianism

19. An art interest group wants to investigate the sculpture art of the Qin Dynasty. You can suggest that they go ().

A. Luoyang, Henan B. Datong, Shanxi C. Dunhuang, Gansu D. xi 'an, Shaanxi

20. For example, there are two scenes in a TV series reflecting the Qin Dynasty: ① Pomegranates, grapes and other fruits are placed in the fruit bowl on the emperor's dining table; (2) the emperor in marking bamboo slips they wished. Judging from historical facts ()

A.① ② Both are right B. ① ② Both are wrong.

C.① Correct ② Error D.① Error ② Correct.

2 1. Xinjiang is an inalienable part of our territory. Since (), Xinjiang has been under the jurisdiction of the central government of China.

A. Opening of the Silk Road B. Establishment of the Western Regions

C. the formation of the three-legged situation D. Qin unified the six countries

22. The Great Wall is a symbol of the wisdom and creativity of the ancient working people in China. The scope of Qin Changcheng is ().

A. West from Longxi, east to the sea B. West from Chang 'an, east to Liaodong.

C. Lintao in the west, Liaodong in the east D. Jiayuguan in the west and Shanhaiguan in the east.

23. The historical event related to the historical phenomenon shown on the right is ().

A. Battle of Red Cliffs

B. Eight Kings Rebellion

C. wai Wei to save Zhao

D. the rule of Wenjing

24. The Battle of Feishui is a famous battle of winning more with less, and the warring sides are ().

A. Pre-Qin and Eastern Jin Dynasty B. Pre-Qin and Western Jin Dynasty

C. Northern Qi and Eastern Jin Dynasties D. Northern Zhou and Western Jin Dynasties

25. Shaolin Temple is a world-famous temple. Buddhism was introduced into China in ()

A. Early Western Han Dynasty B. Late Western Han Dynasty C. Early Eastern Han Dynasty D. Late Eastern Han Dynasty

26. The relationship between Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province Province has a long history. Wei Wen led the fleet to Yizhou on 1607.

A. 1930s BC

C. in the 1920s. In the 1930s.

27. Xiao Xuan wants to know about the mountains, rivers, towns, landforms, customs, historical sites and so on in the ancient rivers flowing through China. You can advise him to read ()

A. Water Mirror Notes B. Heavenly Creations C. Lisao D. Preface to Lanting Collection

28. The following historical figures and their inventions are wrong ()

A. Du Shi-Shui Pai B. Zhang Heng-Seismograph

C. Zhuge Liang-Qin Che D. Hua Tuo-Ma Feisan

29. The general trend of the world will be combined for a long time and will be combined for a long time. The dynasty that realized the brief reunification of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties was ()

A. Northern Wei B. Eastern Jin C. Western Jin D. Former Qin Dynasty

30. The following examples of reusing talents in history are in line with historical facts ()

(1) Shang Tang appointed Yi Yin as minister to govern the country; (2) Qi Huangong appointed Guan Zhong as prime minister, carried out reforms and enhanced his strength; (3) Qin Xiaogong supported Shang Yang's political reform and developed national strength; (4) Fu Jian, king of Qin, made great efforts to make the country develop rapidly.

A.①②③④ B.①②③ C.②③④ D.①③④

Second, non-multiple choice questions

3 1. Read the picture and answer the following questions:

(1) Write the names of the countries represented by A, B, C and D in the picture. (Note: Only fill in the following horizontal lines, which are not on the drawing. )

A B C D

(2) Which country in the picture divided Zhao, Wei and North Korea?

(3) Write the name of the battle that took place in E. ..

(4) From the Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period to the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period, and then to reunification, which country completed it? What is the root cause?

32. Look at the following schematic diagram of ethnic mobility in the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties:

Please answer:

(1) When did the northern minorities start to move to the Central Plains? Name three ethnic minorities who moved to the Central Plains. When did the first large-scale population migration in ancient China take place?

(2) What caused the Han nationality in the Central Plains to migrate to the south of the Yangtze River?

(3) What is the impact of population migration to the south of the Yangtze River on economic development?

(4) Think about it, what are the positive effects of population migration?

33. Historical celebrities are our role models. Answer the following questions according to what you have learned:

(1) Identify the following three historical figures and fill in the following table as required.

Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3

Name, achievement or job

Figure 1

Figure ii

Figure 3

(2) Think about it, from what aspects would you introduce the above characters? (Note: Write at least two kinds)

(3) Achievement will not be easily achieved. What are their excellent qualities worth learning?

34. Harmony between man and nature is one of the pursuits of human development. According to the prompts, complete the following inquiry learning.

First, enter the history of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

Figure 1 Figure 2

(1) Figure 1 and Figure 2 are the results of the adaptation and conquest of nature by the original inhabitants of China. What is the name of the house in the picture 1? What is the name of the original household living in the house in Figure 2? What are the main factors that lead to these two different housing structures?

Second, understand the case of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

(2) In ancient times, what were the successful examples of human beings transforming nature in order to survive? During the Warring States Period, what was the successful mode of coordinating the harmonious development between man and nature?

(3) During the Warring States Period, who put forward the idea of cutting down trees on the mountain on time instead of overfishing fish and turtles? Which school is he from? What kind of ideas does his proposition reflect?

Third, realize the harmonious development between man and nature.

(4) Where there is harmony, there is disharmony. Give two examples of the unharmonious development between man and nature in reality.

(5) Reflecting on the practices and viewpoints of the ancients, what should a contemporary middle school student do on the issue of harmonious development between man and nature?

35. China has been a multi-ethnic country since ancient times. Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are important periods for the formation and development of the Chinese nation. Answer the following questions according to what you have learned.

Step 1: Input ethnic relations in history.

(1) Explain the relationship between the Central Plains Dynasty and the Huns in the Qin and Han Dynasties. (Give an example each)

(2) Why was there a great national integration in the Northern and Southern Dynasties?

Experience ethnic relations in history.

(3) The picture below reproduces the scene of "Zhang Qian sent a mission to the Western Regions to bid farewell to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty" and describes the purpose of Zhang Qian's first mission to the Western Regions. What role did Zhang Qian play in the Western Regions?

(4) Through just visiting, you came to the Northern Wei Dynasty and experienced the situation before and after Emperor Xiaowen's reform in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Give two examples to illustrate the changes before and after the reform of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Step 3: Understand the ethnic relations in history.

(5) What is the mainstream of ethnic relations in history? What kind of national consciousness should be established from history to the present?

Reference answer

First, multiple choice questions

1.a2 . D3 . a4 . C5 . D6 . B7 . c8 . C9 . b 10。 A 1 1。 B 12。 D 13。 A 14。 C 15。 A

16.A 17。 A 18。 D 19。 D20.D2 1。 b22 . c23 . a24 . b25 . b26 . d27 . a28 . c29 . C30 . b

Second, non-multiple choice questions

3 1.( 1) A Qin B Chu C Qi D Yan Guo. (No typos) (2) Jin State. (3) The Battle of Changping. (4) Qin State; The fundamental reason: After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin developed into the strongest feudal country at the end of the Warring States Period.

32.( 1) Late Eastern Han Dynasty; Any three of the five Huns, Xianbei, Jie, Di and Qiang; Late western jin dynasty. (2) the war in the north. (3) Impact: It brought labor force, advanced production technology and different lifestyles, and promoted the economic development of Jiangnan. (4) Positive influence: beneficial to national integration; Promote economic and cultural exchanges and development. (reasonable)

33.( 1)

Name, achievement or job

Figure 1 Cai Lun improves papermaking.

Figure 2 is the author of Qi Yao Min Shu.

Figure 3 Zu Chongzhi and Zu Chongzhi calculated the value of pi to the seventh place after the decimal point for the first time in the world.

(2) publishing newspaper boards, writing handwritten newspapers and telling stories. (3) Rigorous and pragmatic, hardworking and pragmatic, pioneering and innovative quality. (reasonable)

34.( 1) Semi-crypt houses and Hemudu indigenous residents; Main factors: differences in natural environment (or natural factors, etc. (2) Dayu controls water; Build Dujiangyan. (3) Mencius and Taoism. (4) Sandstorm, overgrazing, deforestation, environmental pollution and so on. Any example that fits the meaning of the question will do. We should establish a sense of environmental protection and do our part to protect nature and let it benefit mankind. Take the road of sustainable development.

35.( 1) and: Uhaanyehe surrendered to Han; Zhaojun went to the fortress and so on. ; War: Meng Tian counterattacked Xiongnu; Wei Qing and Huo Qubing attacked the Huns. (give an example of peace and war) (2) the inward migration of ethnic minorities and the exchanges between Han people; The reform of emperor xiaowen in the northern wei dynasty. (3) Purpose: Contact the Yue family and attack the Huns. Function: It promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the Western Regions and the Han Dynasty and opened the Silk Road. (4) Talk about the reform measures of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty, such as giving two examples from the aspects of language, marriage, clothing, name, living environment and social economy. (5) Mainstream: peace and friendship. Establish the consciousness of ethnic equality and friendly exchanges. (other expressions that meet the meaning of the question are also acceptable. )