Traditional characteristics of dragon crown

Photos of the emperor's coronation in Han Dynasty

Coronation map, coronation map and nude map of the Han emperor (refer to written records and the restoration and drawing of pottery figurines unearthed from the Han tomb in Jinan, Shandong Province and portrait stones unearthed from the Han tomb in Yinan). This picture was restored and drawn according to literature records and pattern data. The patterns on clothes are mostly brick paintings, lacquer paintings, silk paintings and portrait bricks of the same period. The crown is a ceremonial crown worn by the courtiers of ancient emperors when attending sacrificial ceremonies. Used as sacrificial clothing for emperors, princes, etc. At the top of the crown, there is a rectangular crown plate behind the front circle, and the "crown" is hung on the front and back of the crown plate.

According to the difference of quantity and material, crown is an important symbol to distinguish between noble and noble. According to the Han dynasty, the emperor's crown is twelve (twelve rows), made of jade. The color of the crown is mainly black. On both sides of the crown, there is a hole for inserting jade pieces to tie them with the bun. Tie ribbons on both sides of the quilt and tie them under the jaw. On the two ears of the ribbon, there is also a pearl jade, named "Yuner". Don't put it in your ear, just tie it to your ear to remind the wearer not to listen to rumors. Later generations "allow the ear not to smell" came from this. According to the regulations, anyone who wears a crown must wear a crown suit. The coronation suit is decorated with a mysterious coat and a scarlet bottom, with chapters on the top and bottom. In addition, there are kneepads, swords, Chiba and so on. Form a complete set of clothes. This dress system began in the Zhou Dynasty, went through the Han, Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, and lasted for more than two thousand years until the Qing Dynasty. Tang Chao Tian Zi clothing

In the Tang Dynasty, "Zhou Mian" ranked second in Tang Gaozong's clothing, second only to Daqiu Mian. All sacrifices and temple fairs (all kinds of ancestral temples), send generals, collect money, drink wine (celebration banquet), practice the throne (accession to the throne), wear Canadian dollar clothes (coronation ceremony), receive the queen (canonization), and receive the DPRK on the first day of the first month (the first big DPRK). In the first year of Qing Dynasty, Comrade Li Zhi followed the advice of Sun Chang Wuji, revised the ritual order, abolished Daegu Mian and changed it to Zhou Mian. After that, the emperor also wore Zhou Mian when offering sacrifices to heaven and earth.

According to the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, "The dragon crown is decorated with gold, and there are twelve white beads, with the group as the tassel, the color as its tassel, full of ears, and the Hosta as the guide. Xuanyi, Shang Meng, clothes, sun, moon, stars, dragons, mountains, insects, fire and Zong Yi in Chapter 12 and Chapter 8; The fourth chapter is about the dress, algae, pink rice, flounder, glutinous rice, clothes and collar, which are promoted to dragons and woven into them. Each is six levels, under the dragon and the mountain, with one line in each chapter and twelve lines. Single collar, blue, blue, blue, blue, black. Embroidering dragons, mountains and fire, the rest are the same as above. Belt, big belt, sword, sash and ribbon are the same as above. Add gold ornaments to the pot. Sacrifice the temple, send the generals, collect them, drink them, practice them, take them in Canadian dollars, collect them, and take them if they are in the DPRK in January. "

The coronation ceremony of the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties emperors

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the north and south were unified, with a vast territory, developed economy and frequent exchanges between China and foreign countries, which reflected the consolidation and strength of the Tang regime. It also reached a period of unprecedented prosperity of clothing. Emperor Wen practiced frugality, dressed simply and didn't pay attention to the grade of clothes. After 20 years of rest and recuperation, the economy has greatly recovered. When Yang Di ascended the throne, he advocated extravagance and waste. In order to publicize the majesty of the emperor, he restored the system of chapter clothes in Qin and Han Dynasties. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the sun, moon and stars in chapter 12 of the coronation pattern were all placed on the flag and changed into nine chapters. Emperor Yang Di put it back on his coronation suit and changed it into nine chapters. The sun and the moon are divided into two shoulders, and the stars are on the back. Since then, "carrying the sun and the moon, carrying the stars" has become the established style of the emperor's coronation. The crown is a ceremonial crown worn by the courtiers of ancient emperors when attending sacrificial ceremonies. Used as sacrificial clothing for emperors, princes, etc.

This picture shows the emperor of the Tang Dynasty wearing a crown and a corolla (the mural of Cave 220 in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes).

Coronation Ceremony of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties Emperors II

The costumes of the emperors of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties-the emperor wearing a crown (one of Yan's Pictures of Emperors in Past Dynasties). Yan was an outstanding painter in the Tang Dynasty, and once held an important position in the imperial court. He often painted with political events in the Tang Dynasty and created many works with major themes. According to documents, Yan once painted the portrait of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty and directly participated in the formulation of the official uniform system in Tang Dynasty. Therefore, the imperial costumes he painted are closer to reality and have certain reliability. The crown worn by ancient imperial officials when attending sacrificial ceremonies. Used as sacrificial clothing for emperors, princes, etc.

Casual clothes of emperors in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, ordinary and bureaucratic men generally wore official uniforms and shirts with round necks, which could be worn from the emperor to the handyman. It was the uniform at that time. This picture shows the emperor wearing double-breasted wide-sleeved casual clothes (a part of Yan's "Kings of Past Dynasties"). Yi Song dynasty emperor clothes

Emperor's Clothing in Song Dynasty-The emperor's clothing in Song Dynasty includes autumn cotton, Zhou cotton, Tian Tong's crown clothing, shoes and socks, shirts and reading clothes. In addition, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Shantou became the main first suit for men in the Song Dynasty. From the emperor down to the officials, except for sacrificial ceremonies and big court meetings, they usually wear hoes, which is obviously different from the previous generation. Judging from the reflection of the image, the image of officials is mostly straight-footed, and musicians with lower servants, tolerance or status are mostly horizontal or crooked. Shirt, ochre, light yellow robe, jade red belt, soap boots, attend a grand banquet. This picture shows the emperor wearing a straight-legged robe (statues of emperors in Nanxun Hall).

The emperor's clothing in Song Dynasty II

The emperor's clothing in Song Dynasty includes autumn cotton, Zhou cotton, Tian Tongguan, walking robe, shirt and royal reading clothing. Tian Tongguan, Twenty-four Liang, Jiajin Mountains and crimson gauze robe are woven into Yunlong red gold bar yarn. Crimson gauze skirt, white bow collar, white socks and black, winter solstice, the fifth day of New Year's Day, a great book must be worn in life. This picture shows the emperor wearing a Tian Tong crown, a crimson gauze robe and a curved collar (statues of emperors in Nanxun Hall).

The court clothes of the emperor in Song Dynasty

Imperial robes of the Song Dynasty-This picture shows wearing a crimson gauze robe, a collar with knees covered and a square heart bent, as well as a picture of Tian Tongguan and a black ribbon. This kind of clothing is second only to coronation, and it is the clothing worn by the emperor at major ceremonies such as the big court meeting and the big book, which is equivalent to the official's court clothes. Tian Tong Crown, also known as Cirrus Crown, is decorated with 24 beams, one foot high and one foot wide. When wearing, it is guided by the jade rhinoceros. The gauze robe is crimson, the lining is red, and the collar, sleeves, lapels and collars are all black. Under the veil and at the knee, it is also purple. The neck is drooping, the white heart is bent, and the waist is tied with a golden jade belt, white socks and a black ribbon, and another ribbon. The crown prince also wears this kind of clothing at the ceremony, and the crown is made of eighteen beams (called "walking crown"), which is slightly different. Ming Chengzu was crowned.

The Ming Dynasty attached great importance to rectifying and restoring etiquette. Abandoned the clothing system of the Yuan Dynasty, and redefined the clothing system according to the customs of the Han people. First of all, make clothes for the emperor. Ming Taizu thought that the ancient five-crown ceremony was too complicated, and decided to "worship heaven and earth, worship the ancestral temple, and serve the crown; Bones and other sacrifices, Yi Tian Tong Guan, crimson gauze robe. I don't need it. " This painting shows the emperor wearing a crown. Corona, front lap, back, front and back twelve.

The uniform of the Ming emperor

The emperor's secret service shows the map. The uniform, also called the wing crown, is covered with black gauze and folded with towels. The style is vertical collar, narrow sleeves, embroidered with golden dragon patterns on the front and back and shoulders, and jade leather boots. This suit has many uses. The official robes of the Ming emperor are yellow silk, embroidered dragon, lent text and twelve chapters. From ancient times to the Ming Dynasty, the dragon pattern experienced numerous changes. Generally speaking, the dragon patterns in the pre-Qin period are relatively simple and rough, and most of them have no limbs and claws, similar to reptiles. In Qin and Han dynasties, dragon patterns were mostly animal-shaped, with intact limbs and claws, but without scales. They are often painted as walking patterns, giving people an illusory feeling. The image of the dragon in Ming Dynasty is more perfect, which concentrates the local characteristics of various animals, such as head like a bull's head, body like a snake, horns like antlers, eyes like shrimp's eyes, nose like a lion's nose, mouth like a donkey's mouth, ears like cat's ears, claws like eagle's claws and tail like a fish's tail. The structure and organization of the pattern are also very distinctive. In addition to the traditional dragon walking and Yunlong, there are other names such as Tuanlong, Zheng Long, Zuolong, Ascending Dragon and Descending Dragon. Among the dragons embroidered on clothes in this picture, there are two kinds of dragons: ascending dragon and descending dragon.