The Origin and Origin of Naxi Nationality in Yunnan Province

With the development of tourism in Old Town of Lijiang, Naxi nationality is well known by more people and attracts a large number of tourists with its unique ethnic customs. Naxi nationality is a branch of Mosuo people, and now it is the largest non-indigenous nationality in Kunming. So, do you know how the Naxi people developed? About the origin of Naxi nationality, people generally think that it is the descendant of the ancient Qiang nationality. Now, I will reveal the origin and development history of Naxi nationality for you. Let's take a look at Naxi culture together.

Naxi people are descendants of the ancient Qiang people, who moved south from Hehuang area in northwest China and merged with the aborigines.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the ancestors of Naxi nationality established the country of Dog Rong in present-day Shaanxi and Gansu, and the capital was Jingning County (today's Rongwei Town). According to documents, the ancestors of Naxi nationality are the oldest nomadic people in northwest China. As early as the Yanhuang period, the dog Rong country was the enemy of the Yanhuang tribe. There is a record in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "In the past, Gao Xin's family had the pride of dogs, and the emperor suffered greatly from it without conquering." Gao Xin is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the father of Yao Di.

From Qin and Han Dynasties to Wei and Jin Dynasties, Naxi people migrated to Dadu River and Yalong River basin successively, mainly nomadic and animal husbandry.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the ancestors of Naxi nationality established the White Wolf State in Sichuan, including White County, west of Yalong River in Sichuan today, and it was adjacent to Yak State, east of Yalong River. According to the Records of the History of the Later Han Dynasty, the White Wolf Country was once a prosperous country and maintained a good relationship with the Han Dynasty in the Central Plains. When I arrived at Emperor Han Ming in the East, "White Wolf and other countries, with more than 1.3 million households and more than 6 million people, paid tribute."

During the Tang Dynasty, some Naxi ancestors went south along the Yalong River and arrived in Lijiang. Later, he sent troops south and established the first political power in the eastern part of Erhai Lake-the imperial edict of Moon Rock. According to the history books, the more we analyze the imperial edict, "the land is vast and the soldiers are strong, which is taboo for Nanzhao." Not long after Nanzhao was destroyed, Naxi ancestors stopped going south.

Since then, Naxi ancestors have returned to the middle reaches of Jinsha River. For more than 500 years, it struggled to survive in the cracks of the three major forces: Tang Dynasty, Nanzhao and Tubo. This special living environment has created the Naxi nationality's deep, tenacious and flexible national character. At the same time, Naxi culture is nourished by these three cultural circles, and the national culture represented by Dongba culture originates from this.

In the Song Dynasty, the political environment of Naxi ancestors improved: the northern Tubo dynasty fell apart; Nanzhao was also in chaos; The eastern Song Dynasty was unable to deal with the nomadic people in the north and manage the southwest. "So since Nanzhao, Dali can't have any territory, Tubo can't come, and Song abandoned its land and became the boundary of Oto for 350 years." Naxi people have thus gained a rare opportunity for independent development. With the full development of social and economic production (farming civilization replaced the production state of semi-farming and semi-grazing), politically dispersed tribes gradually unified; Dongba's cultural system has gradually become grand and perfect.

After the Qing Dynasty, the influence of the shogunate gradually declined. The reason is that Tibet was once again included in the territory ruled by the central dynasty, which made Lijiang lose its political and geographical advantage as a "southwest fence", and the manor economy controlled by Mutus gradually became a negative factor hindering the development of productive forces. 1723, Lijiang implements the policy of "returning land to streams". After that, Mu Tusi was devastated. Thanks to Lijiang's economy, Lijiang's landlord economy developed rapidly. The handicraft industry gradually flourished, and the pattern of Old Town of Lijiang finally took shape. The phenomenon of double suicide spread widely, and Lijiang was called "the capital of double suicide" by foreigners.

After the Opium War, Naxi region also entered a period of social unrest, especially what Lijiang people commonly call "eighteen years of troubled times". During the reign of Xianfeng and Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, the Du Wenxiu Uprising in Dali involved Lijiang, which lasted 18 years, and Lijiang suffered heavy losses. Mr. Zhang Xingyuan's "A Brief History of Lijiang" contains: "During the Daoguang period (1821-kloc-0/850), there were 6,405 households, the size of male and female was 3128,276, and the size of male and female was 45,438+052.

During the Revolution of 1911, the Naxi people responded positively, announcing their separation from the Qing government and participating in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal movements such as the national protection movement. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, more than 400 Naxi people died for their country. Because the mainland traffic line was cut off by the Japanese army at that time, and later Myanmar fell, the land traffic line in China was only Kunming-Dali-Lijiang-Lhasa-Nepal-India. Lijiang has become an important transit point, and its commerce, culture and education are prosperous.

July 1949, Lijiang was peacefully liberated. Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County was founded in 196 1. 1996, an earthquake of magnitude 7 occurred in Lijiang, killing more than 3,200 people and causing economic losses of 4.5 billion yuan. 1997 12 Old Town of Lijiang was named "World Cultural Heritage" by UNESCO; In June 2003, "Three Parallel Rivers" was named as "World Natural Heritage", and in September of the same year, Dongba ancient books of Naxi nationality were selected as "World Memory Heritage List". In July 2003 1, Lijiang was changed from land to city, and the original Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County was divided into Yulong Naxi Autonomous County and Gucheng District.

Naxi people mainly live in the ancient city of Yunnan and Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, and the rest are distributed in Weixi, Zhongdian (now Shangri-La), Ninglang, Deqin, Yanbian, Yanyuan, Muli in Sichuan and Zhikang in Tibet.

According to historians' research, Naxi nationality was originally a branch of ancient Qiang people in northwest China, and migrated to Lijiang in the third century. The population exceeds 278,000 (65,438+the fourth census in 0990).