Basic surnames in ancient China

1. In ancient China, surnames included Ji, Jiang, Gui, Gui, Yao and Hao, all of which came from the word "female", which also reflected that surnames originally came from matriarchal clan society.

2. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the surnames of vassal states, including Qi, Lu, Jin, Song, Zheng, Wu, Yue, Qin, Chu, Wei, Han, Zhao, Wei, Yan, Chen, Cai, Cao, Hu and Xu, all became common surnames.

3. Those whose surnames are determined by totems: bear, tiger, leopard, tiger, dragon, etc. Take country names as surnames: Qi, Chu, Han, Zhao, Qin, etc. Take the place of residence as the surname: Simon, Guo, Qiu, Yin, Chang;

4. Official surnames: Shangguan, Bu, Qian, Shi and Sima. Taking occupation as surname: Zhang, Gu, Tu, Zhen, craftsman, etc. Taking the names of mountains and rivers as surnames: Joe, Ji, Jiang, Huang, Wu, etc. The emperor gave surnames: Liu, Li, Zhao, Zhu, etc. Others take numbers, seasons, directions, climate, flowers and trees as surnames.

Extended data:

The current situation of surnames in China;

The three largest surnames in China are Li, Wang and Zhang, accounting for 7.9%, 7.4% and 7. 1% of the total population respectively. The total population of the three surnames has reached 270 million, making them the three largest people with the same surnames in the world. This is based on the sampling data of the third population census of the National Bureau of Statistics, equidistant sampling according to the proportion of the local population, and obtaining the national surname data in strict accordance with statistical principles.

Among the common surnames in contemporary China 100, 87% of the population in China is concentrated. Among them, there are 19 surnames, accounting for more than 1% of the national population, namely: Li, Wang, Zhang, Liu, Chen, Yang, Zhao, Huang, Zhou, Wu, Xu, Sun, Hu, Zhu, Gao, Lin, He, Guo and Ma. Historically, about half of China's population was concentrated in this 19 people with the same surname.

In addition, the geographical distribution of people with the same surname in China is also unbalanced. In the northern region, it is the first surname, accounting for 9.9% of the population, followed by Li, Zhang and Liu; In southern China, Chen is the first surname, accounting for 10.6% of the total population, followed by Li, Huang, Lin and Zhang. In the transitional Yangtze River valley, the first surname is Li, accounting for about 7% of the population, followed by Wang, Zhang, Chen and Liu.

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