Why was the Qijia in Lishu, Jilin Province engraved with a gold plaque by Emperor Guangxu?

Qijia in Lishu, Jilin is a famous family of Jilin people in Qing Dynasty and even in modern history. Among them, the most glorious period was from the 16th year of Guangxu (1890) to the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), and the Qijia family in Sitaizi Village, Mengjialing Town, Lishu County (formerly Fengtian Unification). In just six years, four uncles and nephews have taken the exam.

Emperor Guangxu presented a pair of couplets and three plaques to many stars in his family. A couplet reads: "Dangui is rooted in scholarly family, and gold is seedless and thrifty." The three gold plaques are: "Old Four is the same age", "Mulberry Shadow is leisurely" and "Family education can be the wind".

In October of the eighth year of the Republic of China (19 19, 10), Dao said indifferently in his book "Yi Tong Qi Jia Zhuan": "There is a special shortage of places in the three eastern provinces." The great-grandchildren of Ning (that is, Qi Yong 'an), Qi Shenjia and Zhong Jia, and the great-grandchildren Lin Yao and Yao Shan, "have risen one after another, and have been in their teens".

Four uncles and nephews of the Qi family joined the ranks of scholars one after another, which not only had a great influence on the ruling and opposition parties at that time, but was still talked about by scholars today. However, in many articles, many people describe his official career and political gains and losses, but few people describe his diligence, long mulberry shadow, scholarly family and good family education. This paper intends to outline one or two in this respect.

First, careful cultivation, three points per acre.

Qi Jia came to the northeast, starting from Qi Yong 'an's eastward journey alone. According to the Biography of Qi Yong 'an, when Qi Yong 'an was young, he braved the "sea ban" and went to Wutaizi on the wicker side of Jilin alone. At that time, this area was undeveloped and overgrown with weeds. He has worked hard here for more than ten years and gradually has a rich savings. So, pick up your parents and family and raise them. In this way, from Qi Yong 'an, a family style of attaching importance to farming was formed.

Sun Ziqi, the grandson of Qi Yong 'an, failed in the scientific research, so he bought 72 pieces of wasteland, 450 mu each, south of the Huanggou River. He cut through thorns, built three huts, recruited farmers and tenant farmers to farm and began farming.

Qi Yong 'an's great-grandson, Qi Shujia, also tried every time, so he also jumped into the pavilion to supervise the reclamation. He not only recruited farmers and tenants to supervise farming, but also cultivated with farmers and cultivated an acre himself. In my spare time, I study the cultivation techniques of trees with woodcutter and local elders, and I like to visit mountains and rivers. It can be seen that he not only cultivated an acre of land, but also got along well with local farmers. During the 65,438+00 years, he devoted himself to farming and lived a thrifty pastoral life.

Second, attach importance to education and help academic affairs.

Qi Yong 'an's son, Qi, attaches great importance to the development of rural education. He once donated to build Guandi Temple, and built five Yi schools with six local rich families, including Liu and Wang. Qi's grandson has a soft spot for public education. At that time, candidates from Jilin went to Fengtian (now Shenyang) every year to take the provincial examination. Candidates feel miserable. In view of this, he was invited to "meet the squire in the same city, hold a literary talent meeting, and collect huge sums of money" to donate money to build a test shed in Jilin, which solved the problem of Jilin candidates taking the imperial examination nearby. The Qi family not only helped with their studies, but also taught students in the lecture hall in person. The teaching was good. In the early years of Guangxu, Professor Qi Shujia was at home. In the last two years, the old Dong family in the neighboring village hired him to set up a teaching account. Under the guidance of his professor, the students have made great progress in their studies. After that, he moved his registered permanent residence to the old Bao's house in ibadan Station. Bao's children are usually arrogant, and his grandparents and mothers can't do anything about him. After hearing the news, Qi Shujia invited the urchin to a private school, calmly told the children the story of the ancients honoring their elders, made the Bao children feel better, wept bitterly in front of their mother and grandfather, and sincerely expressed repentance and rehabilitation. Bao's family was surprised that Qi Shujia had a good education and a successful career. It can be seen that Qi Shujia's teaching not only teaches students to solve doubts, but also attaches importance to preaching and teaching.

Third, strict family education, children and grandchildren become talents.

Qi Yong 'an has a 40-year-old son. He never dotes. When his son Qi 10 was in his teens, it was nine years in the middle of winter. One day, it was snowing heavily, and he came home from his private school early. Qi Yong 'an saw great anger, closed the door, forbade his son to enter the house, and let him "wander in the snow for a long time." His mother moved into compassion and put her son in the house. Qi Yong 'an said angrily: "If you can't stand on your own feet, you will eventually starve to death in the snow." From then on, I began to study hard and finally achieved something and became a good business player.

Qi Shenjia, Qi's son, still attaches importance to education. Qi Shenjia "supervises classes, follows guidance, pays attention to early warning, and perseveres in teaching." Even in hot and cold weather, I never stop studying. 1872, the Qi family separated, and Qi moved this branch to the jumping pavilion near Yantongshan in the rock. After that, under the supervision of Qi Shenjia, his second nephew Qi Yaoshan was admitted to the Jinshi in the 16th year of Guangxu (1890). In the eighteenth year of Guangxu (1892), he was admitted to the Jinshi School. After he was admitted to Jinshi, he was sent to other places to be an official, thus ending his career of "teaching at home". But under his professor, shortly thereafter, his younger brother Qi Zhongjia (the second son of Qi Huajun, the fifth son) was admitted to Jinshi in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894). Qi Yaolin, his eldest nephew, was admitted to Jinshi in the 21st year of Guangxu (1895). This is the so-called thing that four uncles and nephews of Qijia have been admitted to Jinshi one after another. Moreover, they were all admitted after studying hard at the top of the rock. Three of the four Jinshi were officials for more than 20 years from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, but Qi Shenjia, who devoted himself to cultivating talents for the Qijia family, was an official for only four years, so that he died in the twenty-first year of Guangxu in Shanxi (1895) at the age of 4 1, and all his relatives and friends mourned for him.

Fourth, advance wave after wave, and strive to be admitted.

Many articles are praising "four generations with the same age", but I don't know that this is the result of several generations' struggle.

Qi set out from Qi, and after Shuntian's township test, he encountered obstacles and had to make a detour to return. Qi was born with. It was set as "shortage of top seeds in the south of Huanggou River" because it was "tried and tested". His eldest son, Qi Shujia, was born in Shigongsheng. I studied very hard, and graduated from Shenyang Academy of Fine Arts. The first time I took the rural examination in Jiazi Year (1864), the articles in the examination were just a stroke of a pen. Due to the carelessness, the list fell to the first place. Ren Wunian (1882) took his younger brother Qi Shenjia to the capital Beijing to take the imperial examination, but failed. 10 years later, his younger brother Qi Shenjia, his sons Qi Yaoshan and Qi Yaolin became famous candidates for the senior high school entrance examination. Qi Huajun, the fifth generation descendant of the Qijia family, was also a tribute student, and he switched to business because of his "trial and error". His second son Qi Zhongjia was admitted to Jinshi in one fell swoop.

Five, good at business, family business.

Well-off, well-run business. Generally speaking, it begins with the establishment of a business name or cooking pot or oil mill. Among them, Qi Yong 'an not only reclaimed wasteland, built houses and ran fields, but also opened commercial houses and became a well-known local rich household. His son Qi "manages the family well" and has more and more property. In addition to operating the grain industry, the store industry also includes Dacheng Store Industry, Dade Liquor Industry, Gande and Hengyuan. After Qi Shujia went to Zitiaodingzi in Panshi to manage the land, he started Cheng Deyong and Cheng Cooking Pot, and the business was also very prosperous. Qi Yaozong, a lifelong Yao Zi, was once a member of the East Water Shortage Committee of Fengtian Weichang and the general manager of Liaoyang Wucheng Silk Bureau, and he was even more knowledgeable in business.

Six, honest, fair administration.

According to the sixteenth edition of Biography of Qi Yaolin in Jilin literature and history, his uncle "Qi Shenjia is knowledgeable and elegant, which has a far-reaching influence on Er Qi (referring to Qi Yaolin and Qi Yaoshan) and made rapid progress." He also said: Qi Yaolin "took office in Quzhou County, disguised as Dai Yue, and took charge of people's litigation, so that there was no injustice." Even close friends are absolutely forbidden to take bribes. So it is called' Qi Qingtian'.

When Qi Yaotang, his younger brother, was the county magistrate of Heishan County, he served in Fengtian during the Republic of China, and Tang Sanhu, the brother-in-law of Wang Zhang in Northeast China, did many evils and dominated Montenegro. Several county officials were driven away by him. After Qi Yaotang came to power, inviting local dignitaries to arrest Tang Sanhu and execute him by shooting did no harm to Montenegro.

VII. Charity, Debu Township

After the Qi family became rich, they did not forget the hard work at the beginning of the year. For the refugees who later set foot on the trip to Kanto, it was a place for summer and winter. When there is a disaster, a porridge shed will be opened and three buckets of rice will be given every day to help the poor. No matter how big or small things are in the countryside, as long as Ji Yongan agrees, it will be solved immediately. He and six wealthy families, including Liu and Wang, donated money to repair Guandi Temple and set up five Yi schools, which benefited the village. The villagers addressed him as an elder. Xianfeng died at the age of 67 in the third year (1853), and all the people who came to pay their respects burst into tears.

Qi donated money to build Jilin Kaobang, Changtu Academy and Kuixing Pavilion. Although they received huge sums of money, they were all completed as scheduled. It can be seen that charity has always been the family style of Yitongbian Qi family.

After Qi Yaolin left his post at the age of 66 in 1928, at the invitation of Xu Yulin, a fellow countryman in Beiping, he and Cheng Duolu, a famous person in Jilin, continued to give generously to build a ancestral temple in the former site of the Erdenburg Temple in the factory bridge, and sacrificed 13 Jilin sages who made contributions to the country and society in Erdenburg in order to set an example.

Looking at Qi's family style, it fully embodies the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, such as respecting teachers, caring for the young, respecting brothers and friends, studying family heirlooms, accumulating virtue and doing good, being kind and filial, being honest and clean. The descendants of Qi, whether officials, farmers or businessmen, were mostly outstanding people in all walks of life at that time and enjoyed a good reputation in all directions. Family style is family atmosphere. Only by cultivating a good atmosphere and establishing a good family style can families and society be harmonious. Countless families come together into one country, and so does the country. Only when the country has a good social atmosphere can the society be stable, the country be rich and strong, and the country be rich and strong. This is probably the practical significance of learning excellent family style and carrying forward traditional family style.