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Progress and prospect of clinical nursing research in China

Clinical nursing is a science that studies the theory and practice of clinical nursing, and it is an important part of nursing. The research scope of clinical nursing includes clinical nursing theory, clinical nursing technology, emergency nursing, intensive care, psychological nursing and nurse-patient relationship, new medical technology, new business cooperative nursing and so on. The purpose of clinical nursing research is to promote the development of clinical nursing theory and practice, and promote the renewal of clinical nursing theory and technology. [ 1]

Clinical nursing is a science to study the theory and practice of clinical nursing and an important part of nursing. The research scope of clinical nursing includes clinical nursing theory, clinical nursing technology, emergency nursing, intensive care, psychological nursing and nurse-patient relationship, new medical technology, new business cooperative nursing and so on. The purpose of clinical nursing research is to promote the development of clinical nursing theory and practice and promote the innovation of clinical nursing theory and technology; [1] At the same time, it has practical significance for directly improving nursing work. Clinical nursing research in China mainly began in the late 1970s, especially after the resumption of higher nursing education in 1980s. Nursing research course is included in the teaching plan, which enables students to have the ability of research and writing and lays the foundation for future nursing research. At the same time, the emergence of nursing academic journals also promoted the development of nursing research. [2]

1 research progress of clinical nursing in China

1. 1 Clinical nursing theory research

1. 1. 1 Basic theory of clinical nursing

Based on the basic theory, we introduced some advanced nursing concepts from abroad and combined them with the national conditions of China, forming a theoretical system suitable for guiding clinical nursing, such as life course nursing model, adaptation model, behavior system model, interpersonal relationship model, self-care model and multicultural model. [3] The common feature of these models is that they break through the disease-centered nursing and turn to holistic nursing with people, environment, health and nursing as the basic concepts, thus realizing the change of nursing concept. At the same time, nursing procedures (including estimation, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation) are applied to all aspects of clinical work. Nursing procedure is systematic, dynamic and universal, which has played a certain role in promoting clinical work. Especially the application of nursing diagnosis is a leap of nursing epistemology. Nursing diagnosis is the judgment of the existing or potential physical and mental health problems after the nurse evaluates within the scope of nursing functions, and it is the basis for nurses to make nursing plans, choose nursing measures and evaluate patients. The clinical application in China is 128 nursing diagnosis approved by NTU. [4] The research of these basic theories has played a guiding role in clinical work.

1. 1.2 theoretical research on clinical nursing specialty

Nurses put forward some new concepts of specialized nursing according to their own experience in clinical work and scientific research results. These new concepts enrich the theory of clinical nursing, promote the development of clinical nursing, and play a certain guiding role in clinical nursing operation. In basic nursing, Hao Yonghong and others [5] questioned the traditional treatment of venous extravasation through the study of experimental animals. The experimental results show that the early treatment of extravasation should be cold compress, and the local swelling will quickly subside after cold compress, which can reduce the damage of drugs to local tissues. In the nursing of senile diseases, Zhu Meihua and others [6] put forward that the standard value of axillary temperature in the elderly is different from that in young adults through research. The armpit temperature of the elderly is lower than the normal range, but its central body temperature is not low, so it is impossible to judge whether the elderly have a fever simply by measuring the armpit temperature and the usual standards. It is suggested that if the axillary temperature exceeds 36.3 degrees, the rectal temperature should be measured at the same time to avoid missed diagnosis of fever. In the nursing of patients with pulmonary edema, Jiang Xiuwen et al. [7] found that 20% alcohol was the best humidifying agent through the experimental study of humidifying oxygen supply with different alcohol concentrations to improve hypoxia caused by pulmonary edema. At the same time, it is pointed out that the explanation that alcohol defoaming mechanism can only reduce the surface tension of foam in alveoli is not comprehensive enough, and it is also related to the foam-forming substance itself, which challenges the traditional theory. In pediatric nursing, Li [8] discussed the length of indwelling gastric tube in children, and thought that the conventional method of measuring the length of indwelling gastric tube to cardia could not achieve the purpose of gastrointestinal decompression. According to the length measured by "hairline-forehead median navel", indwelling gastric tube can achieve the purpose of gastrointestinal decompression after operation, and the viewpoint in textbooks has been changed through practice.

1.2 research on clinical nursing technology

The development of medical science and technology has promoted the progress of clinical nursing technology. By consulting literature and conducting scientific experiments, nursing workers improve the traditional clinical nursing operation, which not only saves manpower and material resources, but also is more conducive to the recovery of patients' diseases and truly achieves the purpose of promoting the recovery of patients' diseases. On the retention method, Fan Lifeng et al. [9] carried out the "Study on the Improvement of 24-hour urine glucose quantitative retention method", which improved the traditional urine retention method. The improved urine sample not only has high accuracy and simplified procedures, but also reduces the pollution opportunity caused by a large number of urine retention in the ward and reduces the workload of cleaning and disinfecting urine tanks. In promoting patients' early rehabilitation, Mao Xiuying and others [10] studied 227 patients undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery, and found that the success rate of spontaneous urination on the night of the operation was 97%, which indicated that it was feasible to remove the catheter on the same day, which was conducive to the prevention of urinary tract infection and the activity and rehabilitation of patients. Yan et al [1 1] studied the bed rest time after the pacemaker was installed, and put forward the method of fixing the patient's shoulder and elbow joint on the surgical side. Six hours later, he got out of bed and walked for 24 hours. Compared with the routine strict bed rest for 3 days, 1 case had no electrode shift, the incidence of abdominal distension and constipation was significantly reduced, and the hospitalization days were shortened to 3 days. In the aspect of posture nursing, Ni Xiuhua [12] studied the posture of neonatal pneumonia, and found that the partial pressure of oxygen in children's blood increased and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreased after adopting prone position, indicating that prone position is better than supine position, which is helpful for the treatment of pneumonia; In preventing alopecia caused by chemotherapy drugs, Li Lichao and others [13] found that continuous cold compress on the head and neck can effectively prevent alopecia caused by chemotherapy drugs.

1.3 study on clinical nursing information

Computers have the advantages of large information storage, fast processing speed, small size and convenience. The introduction of computer into nursing field has attracted the attention of nurses. [14] In recent years, nurses and computer engineers have cooperated to develop many practical nursing software. At present, the developed clinical nursing information system includes: nursing plan formulation and nursing medical record collection system in responsible nursing; Medical order information management system; Ward integrated management information system; Nutrition monitoring system for ventilator patients: nursing diagnosis system; Nursing literature database and retrieval system; Nursing knowledge examination question bank system, etc. The development and application of these softwares free nurses from heavy paperwork and save a lot of time for nursing patients. At the same time, it also enables nurses to obtain a large amount of nursing information accurately and conveniently, which promotes the development of clinical nursing research.

1.4 research on clinical nursing psychology [15]

With the change of nursing mode, in clinical nursing, nurses should not only care about patients' diseases, but also understand patients' psychological state and care about patients as a whole. At the same time, with the deepening of nursing psychology theory and psychological nursing methods, the case study of clinical psychological nursing has gradually developed in recent years. For example, Ma of Tianjin Medical College, in order to understand the relationship between psychological stress and personality, age, gender, occupation, culture, illness, etc. , randomly selected surgical patients in our hospital, and investigated 12 1 patients with hospital stress scale and Eysenck personality questionnaire, and analyzed the results to understand the personality characteristics of each patient. In the research work of clinical psychological nursing, nurses also studied the psychological nursing procedure and evaluation system. For example, the 85th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army adopted experimental research methods, and used the mental health self-rating scale (SDS and SAS) compiled by ZUNG as clinical testing means to explore the construction of psychological nursing procedures and methods. This experiment adopts self-control design method before and after nursing, and carries out psychological nursing procedure, evaluation stage, psychological nursing diagnosis stage, goal setting stage, measure selection stage and implementation stage. The results show that psychological nursing has positive significance in regulating depression and anxiety.