What other achievements of ancient civilizations do you know?

First, the achievements of ancient Indian civilization

1, music and dance

India is a melting pot of culture. The unique historical background of this country makes it contain many cultural trends from ancient times to modern times, from west to east, from Asia to Europe and so on. In addition, it is a country composed of five ethnic groups, and it is like a big cultural museum.

Mumbai, located on the west bank of the capital New Delhi, is the cultural center, while Calcutta has news about culture every day. A variety of music, dance, ballet and comedy dazzle tourists and make them linger.

2. bronze statue

Ancient India is a mythical land with extremely developed religions and philosophies. Therefore, bronze statues in ancient India are often symbols of myths, religious idols and philosophical metaphors, which embody the spirit of the gods. The tradition of bronze statues in India is very long, which can be traced back to bronze dancers in the Indus era from about 2500 BC to 1500 BC.

Brahmanism (the predecessor of Hinduism), Buddhism and Jainism appeared in succession in the 9th-6th century BC, which provided an eternal theme for ancient Indian art, including bronze statues. In the Middle Ages of India (7th-/Kloc-0th/3rd century), Indian bronze statues reached their peak.

3. Mathematical achievements

Since the Halaba culture period, the ancient Indians used the decimal system, but there was no value method in the early days. It was not until the 7th century AD that ancient India began to count by numbers, but at the beginning, there was no "0" symbol, only a space was used to represent it. In the second half of the 9th century, the symbol of zero appeared and was written as ".".

Second, the achievements of ancient Babylonian civilization.

Architectural achievements

The magnificent walls and palaces of Babylon fully show the architectural level of the ancient two river basins. Nebuchadnezzar II built Babylon on a large scale, making it the most prosperous city in the world at that time and the most important industrial and commercial city in the Middle East.

The city of Babylon is surrounded by two walls. Outside the outer wall is a ditch filled with water and an earth embankment. The center of the main road in the city is paved with white and rose stone slabs. Another city has eight gates, the north gate of which is the famous Isdal Gate. The surface is decorated with blue glazed tiles, on which there are many bulls and mythical monsters.

The city of Babylon was built very magnificently. It was not until 100 years later that Herodotus, a Greek historian known as the "father of history", came to Babylon and still called it the most magnificent city in the world.

Third, ancient Egypt

Civilization achievement

abstract

Ancient Egyptian civilization is one of the four ancient civilizations. The ancient Egyptians were not only famous for building pyramids, sphinxes and mummies, but also invented many things that had a far-reaching impact on later generations.

The culture of ancient Egypt is very rich. The hieroglyphics created had a great influence on the later Phoenician letters, while the Greek letters were created on the basis of the Phoenician letters. In addition, the pyramids, the lighthouse of Alexandria, the Temple of Amon and other buildings reflect the superb architectural technology and mathematical knowledge of the Egyptians, and have also made great achievements in geometry and calendar.

Fourth, ancient China.

China is one of the ancient civilizations. Ancient China has a scientific and technological tradition different from that of western countries. Ancient China contributed many inventions to the world and developed unique advanced achievements in astronomy, mathematics, medicine, machinery, metallurgy, ceramics, textiles, architecture and many other aspects.

Some inventions invented by China before other countries include: four great inventions (papermaking, printing, compass and gunpowder), seismograph, abacus, umbrella (which can be opened and closed now), toothbrush, stirrup, silk, rudder, porcelain, oil well, paper money, matches, lacquerware, kites, hot air balloons and fishing rods.

Extended data

China is a multi-ethnic country with Chinese civilization as its source, Chinese culture as its foundation and Han nationality as its main body. Commonly used Chinese and Chinese characters. The Han nationality and ethnic minorities are collectively referred to as the "Chinese nation", and they also call themselves descendants of the Chinese people and dragons.

China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world with a long history. About 5000 years ago, settlement organizations centered on the Central Plains began to appear, and thus a country was formed. After many ethnic exchanges and dynasty changes, the unified situation of multi-ethnic countries was finally formed. After the Revolution of 1911 in the early 20th century, the imperial system withdrew from the historical stage, and the * * * and political power were established.

1949 after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the people's congress system was established in Chinese mainland.

China has a vast territory and many nationalities. The Chinese nation in the pre-Qin period thrived in the Central Plains. In the Han Dynasty, the Han nationality was formally formed through cultural blending, which laid the foundation for the main ethnic group in China. Later, through blending with neighboring nationalities, the situation of a unified multi-ethnic country was gradually formed, and the population was also rising. The population of China in Song Dynasty exceeded 1 100 million, and that in Qing Dynasty exceeded 400 million. By 2005, the population of China has exceeded1300 million.

China's culture has a long history, profound and colorful. It is the cultural suzerain of East Asian cultural circle and occupies an important position in the world cultural system. Due to the differences in geographical location and natural conditions, humanities and economy also have their own characteristics. Traditional cultural and artistic forms include poetry, opera, calligraphy and Chinese painting, among which Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival are important traditional festivals in China.

reference data

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ancient China

Baidu encyclopedia-ancient Babylon

Ancient Baidu Encyclopedia-Egypt