Lunar Tibetan calendar and Gregorian calendar

Tibetan calendar refers to the traditional calendar of Tibetans in China. According to historical records, before 100 BC, Tibetans had their own calendars, and the days, months and years were calculated according to the moon's profit and loss. Hundreds of years later, Catholicism (the primitive religion in Tibet) was able to accurately calculate the time to return to the sun from the winter solstice, and took it as the beginning of the year, forming festivals and various ceremonies. In the 7th century, two princesses, Wencheng and Jincheng, married and formed an alliance in Tibet, bringing the calendar of the mainland. Since then, the Tibetan ancient calendar has been combined with the Han calendar and the Indian calendar, and a unique five-element calendar of heavenly stems and earthly branches has been formed in the Yuan Dynasty. The existing Tibetan almanac with historical evidence first appeared in13rd century (Yuan Dynasty), and by19th century, the compilation of Tibetan almanac had been perfected.

Tibetan calendar is a calendar created by Tibetan people, with a history of 1000 years (Sui and Tang Dynasties). Tibetan calendar is a combination of yin and yang, which divides a year into four seasons, with winter, spring, summer and autumn as the order, and the whole year lasts for 354 days. In 12 month, silver moon is the beginning of a year (the beginning of a year is the same as today's summer calendar), and the period of the moon is one month. The big month and the small month alternate, the big month is 30 and the small month is 29. Leap months are used to adjust the relationship between months and seasons. Setting leap time is different from the lunar calendar. Influenced by the Han calendar, since the 9th century, the Tibetan calendar has always adopted the chronological method. The difference is that five elements are used instead of ten branches: A and B are wood, C and D are fire, Wuji is earth, Geng Xin is gold, and Ren is water; Replace the twelve earthly branches with the twelve zodiac signs, that is, children are rats, ugliness is cows and so on. For example, in the year of Jiazi in the lunar calendar, the Tibetan calendar is called the Year of the Wooden Rat. The Tibetan calendar is called "Rao Qiong", which is similar to the "Sixty Flowers and Jiazi" in the mainland, and reflects the origin of the Sino-Tibetan national calendar. In addition, the Tibetan calendar has also set up 24 solar terms to predict the long-term weather in Tibet, as well as the movements of the five planets and solar and lunar eclipses. The Tibetan calendar has three elements, including the phenological calendar inherent in Tibetan culture, the time calendar introduced from India and the constitutional calendar introduced from Han nationality.

The Tibetan New Year in 2009 is on February 25th in Gregorian calendar, only 1 month away from the Spring Festival. There are no specific rules for the coincidence or inconsistency of the dates of the Tibetan New Year and the Spring Festival, but there are only three situations: the same day, a day difference or a month difference. 20 10 Tibetan New Year (February 14) falls on the same day as Lunar New Year and Western Valentine's Day.

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Calendar can be divided into solar calendar, lunar calendar and yin-yang calendar. The solar calendar takes the annual apparent movement period of the sun (i.e. the tropic year, equal to 365.2422 days) as a year, which is divided into 12 months, and has nothing to do with the movement of the moon. According to the date of the solar calendar, we can know the changes of the four seasons from winter to summer, but it can't show the complete and short period of the moon, which is very inconvenient for people who need to know the tidal changes according to the moon phases. The lunar calendar takes the full period and short period of the moon (that is, the new moon, which is equal to 29.5306 days) as one month, and the product of 12 months is one year. It completely ignores the annual apparent motion law of the sun, so the date of the lunar calendar can't show the warmth and coldness of the four seasons. This kind of calendar has no practical value, and now it has been abandoned except Islam. In the China lunar calendar, the length of the solar calendar is emphasized and the length of the lunar calendar is avoided. The month of the lunar calendar is taken as the month, and the year of the solar calendar is taken as the year, that is, Wang Shuo's month is taken as the month and the tropic year is taken as the average length of a year. Therefore, the lunar calendar is a solar calendar with elements of the moon and a lunar calendar with elements of the sun. According to the date of the lunar calendar, we can not only know the ebb and flow of tides, but also basically grasp the changes of seasons. The lunar calendar is an original creation of our country, which shines with the wisdom of our ancestors.

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Lunar calendar is a traditional calendar adopted by China for a long time. This calendar arranges 24 solar terms to guide agricultural production activities, so it is called lunar calendar. In fact, the lunar calendar and the lunar calendar are different. The lunar calendar uses the cycle of the first month of the lunar calendar to determine the month, and puts a leap to make the average length of a year close to the solar year. There are also names such as summer calendar and Han calendar. Lunar calendar is a calendar used in parallel with Gregorian calendar in China at present. Although people are used to calling it "lunar calendar", it is actually a kind of lunar calendar, and it is not just a lunar calendar based on the moon phase cycle.

Except Tomb-Sweeping Day, which is based on Tomb-Sweeping Day in the 24 solar terms, other traditional festivals in China are based on the lunar calendar. Up to now, most countries and ethnic groups in the cultural circle of Chinese characters still celebrate traditional festivals of the lunar calendar, such as Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival.

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Gregorian calendar is now an international calendar, also known as Gregorian calendar. It is based on the fact that the earth orbits the sun once a year, which is very common in western countries, so it is also called "western calendar". China has been using the solar calendar since the Revolution of 1911, so it is also called the "national calendar". It is also called the "new calendar" because it is symmetrical with the old calendar in China. 1949 officially stipulated the calendar year.