The Historical Origin of Mount Huang Er

Shan, also known as Han for short. The mountain originated from the Chu tune brought into the mountain by the immigrants of Jing nationality and Xiang nationality during the reign of Qianlong and Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, and gradually combined with the voice and folk music in northwest Hubei to form the Han opera. During the Chaganlong period, there were indeed many immigrants in Huangzhou Prefecture who settled in northwestern Hubei and southern Shaanxi. Wang's genealogy in yingshan county and Li's genealogy in Chongyang County in Qing Dynasty recorded the migration of ancestors to Yunyang Prefecture. Counties in northwest Hubei and southern Shaanxi also have the former site of Huangzhou Guild Hall in Qing Dynasty. Tong Jueping (1900- 1983), an old mountain artist in Zhuxi County, was born in Luotian County, Huangzhou. His family moved to Zhuxi county in the middle of Qianlong period and began to make a living by doing business. In the third generation, he was famous for singing Huang Er and setting up a "bowl" (that is, singing in the hall). Fan Dade, an old artist from Fangxianshan, and grandpa Fan Renbao, the foreman, went to Ankang, Shaanxi Province to perform, and kept Ankang to hold an "auspicious class", spreading the words "Switzerland, Finance, Fangsheng". Among them, Zhou Ruifu, Xia, Yao, etc. are famous. They play both novice and supporting roles in the play. During Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, Mountain Huang Er was quite popular in Yunyang area. Xiao Minggu, a rich man in Huanglongtan, Yunxian County, pays Stanley Ho and others to be teachers from time to time, and arranges classes according to the words "Heaven, Son, Heaviness, Britain and Haohao". In fact, this class only achieved the "key" subject, but it trained many talents and celebrities. Among them, Qing, a junior majoring in Tian, was twice invited to perform in more than ten counties such as Ankang and Hanzhong in Shaanxi for several months in the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and was known as "Hanzhong Red" locally. The third grade student of Zi Primary School (namely Wang Maohong) won the singing contest. He performed in Ankang County for 48 days and was packed.

The mountainous area in northwest Hubei is vast and sparsely populated, and the traffic is inconvenient. In the early days of Huang Er, it was mainly an amateur oratorio, commonly known as "Zuo Maruko". There is no fixed organizational form, which is formed by the temporary invitation of the organizer. During the Republic of China, amateur "meatball classes" were staged in counties in northwest Hubei. Wanshan Society, Zhuxi Sanyi Society, Xinxi Drama Society, Zhushan Sanyi Society and Fangxian Sanlie Society all have certain influences. In addition, some amateur troupes have appeared in major market towns all over the country. Yunxian Huanglong, Baoxia, Zhuxi Zhonghe, Yunxian Sunjiawan (Danjiangkou), Yunxi Tianhe Town, Shang Jin and Zhushan Guandu. Are well-known. In addition, there are more than a dozen shadow play classes in Huang Er Mountain touring in rural areas. In the process of long-term mass singing and learning to sing mountains, mountains gradually absorbed local miscellaneous tunes (such as eight mistakes, seven and a half sentences, etc.) ), and Daobai absorbed dialects, also known as Yunyang Mandarin. Thus, Huang Er has gradually formed its unique local characteristics.

Before liberation, Shan mainly rehearsed traditional plays, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he rehearsed modern plays. After the reform of traditional Chinese opera and continuous exploration and innovation, the mountain has been further enriched and developed.