What are the historical and cultural differences between nanmu, rosewood and sea yellow?

Golden nanmu, known as "the wood of the emperor, the wood of the emperor", has been used by the royal family since the Qin and Han Dynasties, but since the Ming Dynasty, it has been regarded as a symbol of imperial power and a special "tribute" for the royal family, and even princes and ministers are not allowed to get their hands on it. According to records, the Ming Dynasty set up a special department to set up the Jin Sinan for the royal family. At that time, local officials regarded paying tribute to golden nanmu as a top priority, which was listed by the court as one of the criteria for evaluating and promoting local officials' achievements. Ordinary people can get a chance, and the official will provide a golden nanmu reward. In the Qing dynasty, there were actually not many gold nanmu available. Kangxi and Qianlong both sent officials to search in Sichuan and Guizhou, and little was gained. They are called by ministers and workers as "wasting people's money, which is not conducive to national affairs." Coupled with the dangers of the Shu Road, there is a saying in the book that "a nanmu is alive". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, nanmu was forbidden to be used by subjects. Because of their private use, He Shen was called "the system of trespassing", which was listed as one of the twenty major sins by Emperor Jiaqing.

It is precisely because of the special "blood relationship" between Jin Sinan and the royal family that he lived alone in the mountains for thousands of years, or was locked in the deep palace for hundreds of years. People, including dignitaries, cannot be blessed by happiness!

Because it is forbidden, there will be no market, and because there is no market, there will be no price to test. I only know that Wang Danwang, the governor of Gansu Province, spent 902,000 yuan to buy three Jin Sinan ... Now, although there are no taboos, many legends and stories are vacant because of extinction.

The Liu brothers, who are among the richest people in Forbes list 10, and other rich people in Sichuan, also include those who accumulated and fried seafood in the early stage, and some collectors in Shanghai and Zhejiang. The same thing they are doing is to spend a lot of money collecting Jin Sinan, collecting one thing and hiding another, neither processing nor transferring it. In their minds, seafood is worth tens of millions, and it can only be a supporting role for Jin Sinan. The myth of Jin Sinan continues. Perhaps the only thing that can convince and stir the world is the price. I believe there is no need to speculate. The price in Jin Sinan will be an incredible number. At that time, those friends who regretted missing Hetian jade ten years ago will feel new pain because they missed Jin Sinan, and truly feel what "regret" means.

All the Jin Sinan discovered now are ebony trees buried deep in the valley thousands of years ago. I call it Ebony (short for Ebony Jin Sinan). If Jin Sinan is the "Emperor in Wood", then "Ebony" is the Emperor Taizu.

In the Ming dynasty, rosewood was valued by the royal family. The development of maritime traffic and Zheng He's voyages to the West have communicated with Southeast Asian countries in trade and cultural exchanges. Countries often have a certain amount of precious wood, including rosewood, in their regular and irregular trade with China. But this was far from meeting the needs of China's huge ruling group, so the Ming government sent officials to Nanyang for procurement. Subsequently, private vendors came into being. By the end of the Ming dynasty, the high-quality timber in Nanyang had been basically cut down. Rosewood, in particular, is almost completely tied. By the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the vast majority of rosewood produced in the world at that time gathered in China. The rosewood used in the Qing Dynasty was collected in the Ming Dynasty and recorded in history. In the Qing Dynasty, people were sent to Nanyang to collect rosewood, but most of them were rough and not straight. It doesn't work at all. This is because rosewood grows slowly and can't be used up for hundreds of years. It was completely cut down in Ming dynasty, but it was not resurrected in Qing dynasty, and its source was exhausted. This is also an important reason why rosewood is cherished by the world.

Westerners such as Europe and America attach more importance to rosewood than China, because they have never seen rosewood and think it can only be made into small utensils. It is said that there is a five-inch long rosewood coffin model in front of Napoleon's tomb, which all visitors are amazed and think is rare. It was not until the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties that western missionaries came to China and saw many rosewood products that they realized that the elite of rosewood was all in China. So many parties bought it and shipped it back to China. At present, rosewood utensils circulating in Europe and America are basically shipped from China. Because of transportation difficulties, they generally don't buy the whole utensils, but only the patterned ones such as cupboard doors and box faces. After being shipped back, install a wooden frame for decoration.

In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, due to the shortage of rosewood, the royal family also bought rosewood from private businessmen at high prices from time to time. There are records of purchasing rosewood almost every year in the work files of the Qing Palace. During this period, an unwritten rule gradually formed, that is, no matter what level of officials, as long as they see rosewood, they will never let it go, buy it in full and hand it over to the royal family or local weaving institutions. After the mid-Qing dynasty, all the timber hoarded by private businessmen around the country was acquired. Among these Woods, a large number are used to decorate the Yuanmingyuan and the Forbidden City. After Tongzhi, Guangxu wedding, and Cixi's 60th birthday, there were few left. By the time Yuan Shikai arrived, all the remaining rosewood had been used up.

Huang Huali, a precious wood, is what we call it today, but there have been different names in history, such as "Hualv", "Huali" and "Huali". Many ancient documents and materials clearly recorded the texture characteristics and origin of this wood. For example, Tang Chen Zang Qi said in Materia Medica that "Hua Lu went out of Annan and Hainan to make a bed, like rosewood, with good sex. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Wang You updated "On Gegu Yaolun", which recorded that "the pear rose in southern Guangdong is purple, similar to the fragrance of Dalbergia, and it is also fragrant. Its flowers are cute with ghost faces, and the flowers are thick and light. "

In the book "The Legacy of Haicha" written by Gu Jie in the Ming Dynasty, it is mentioned that "rosewood, chicken wing wood and tusumu are all produced in Lishan and will be taken by Li people." It can be seen that Lishan, which is produced in the depths of Hainan Island, is mostly mined and cut down by Li people. It is worth mentioning that Li Shizhen, a great medical scientist in Ming Dynasty, put forward in the article "Notes on Palm" in Volume 35 of Compendium of Materia Medica: "(Palm) is hard and purple in color. Those with patterns are called flower palm trees, which can be used as utensils or fan bones. It is wrong to make pears. "Li Shizhen thought that the palm with patterns was called' Flower Palm', and the popular saying of' Flower Pear' was misinformed, which on the other hand confirmed that the so-called misinformed name of' Flower Pear' had become a fixed title for Huang Huali in the Ming Dynasty.

Li's Notes on South Vietnam (Volume 7) also records that Zhancheng, located in present-day Vietnam, once presented pears to the Ming court: "Zhancheng is the boundary of ancient times. In the second year of Hongwu, Hu Duman, the minister of the Ashou Sect, paid tribute, and the objects were ebony, sappan and rosewood. "

There are three ancient names of Hainan Island in history: Zhu Ya, Fish and Qiongtai. According to the literature, the "Pearl Cliff" originated from the fact that "the county is on the shore of the cliff and produces real pearls", hence the name "Pearl Cliff"; "Boer" originated from the embroidery custom of ancient tribes in Hainan Island (carving patterns on the face, painting colors and hanging decorative earrings on the ears), hence the name; Qiongtai "originated from" there is Qiongshan in the white stone, and the earth and stone are all white and moist ". During the reign of Xining in Song Shenzong, Qiongzhou set Qiongguan to appease the capital station, so it was called Qiongtai.

According to the Records of Qiongzhou, Hainan in Qin Dynasty belonged to its remote areas and had no organizational system. In the first year of Yuanfeng (BC 1 10), there were two counties in Bohai and Zhu Ya. Since then, Hainan Island has been formally incorporated into China's territory and become the sacred territory of China.

Hainan Island is located in the South China Sea in the south of Guangdong Province, facing Leizhou Peninsula across the sea. It is the home of the Li nationality in China, with rich products. The feudal rulers coveted local products and exploited and oppressed the Li nationality in this area. The Record of the Great Emperor of Ming Shenzong (Volume 534) records that in July of the 43rd year of Wanli, Zhang Minggang, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, talked about Li's aftermath, and mentioned that Hainan local officials extorted money from the Li nationality in the Ming Dynasty, among which "officials have no skills".

As can be seen from the above quotations, local officials in Hainan collected various local products from the Li nationality in Hainan Island in the Ming Dynasty, one of which was "Hualimu" (Huang Huali) produced in the Li nationality area. Due to the insatiable greed of local officials, the Li people were overwhelmed, which confirmed the fact that local officials collected a lot of wood in Hainan Island in the Ming Dynasty.