What folk song and dance music does Qiuci music refer to today?

After Qiuci music was introduced into China, it evolved into a Buddhist song in the Tang Dynasty.

In 382, in the 18th year of Jian Yuan, the former Qin Dynasty, Fu Jian general Lv Guang destroyed Qiuci and brought Qiuci music to Liangzhou. After Lv Guang's death, Qiuci was scattered. After Wei pacified the Central Plains and regained the joy of Qiuci.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, when Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty was in power, Su Zhipo, a Qiuci native, entered China from the Turkic Empress and was good at playing pipa. He played seven pipa pieces: Gong Sheng, South Lusheng, Horn Sheng, Zheng Sheng, Yu Sheng and Gong Sheng.

At the beginning of his reign, Emperor Wendi (58 1) ordered the creation of seven pieces of music: Ji Guo, Shangqing Collection, Koryo Collection, Tianzhu Collection, Anguo Collection, Qiuci Collection and Wenkang Collection. During the Emperor's reign (590), Qiuci musical instruments prevailed in the ruling and opposition parties. Famous musicians at that time were Cao Miaoda, Wang Changtong, Li, Guo and An Jingui. They are proficient in Qiuci string and wind music, and their new voices have changed greatly. The princes compete for Mu Shang.

During the great cause of the Sui Dynasty (6 1 1), Emperor Yang Di of the Sui Dynasty selected nine pieces of music: Le Qing, Xiliang, Qiuci, Tianzhu, Guo Kang, Shule, Anguo and Koryo.

Extended data

Under the influence of the long-standing Qiuci culture, "expressing love through singing and dancing" has become a typical feature of all ethnic groups in Qiuci.

Qiuci was a big country among the 36 western regions in Han Dynasty, with developed economy and prosperous culture. Since BC, it has had frequent contact with the Central Plains. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty proclaimed the Emperor, Jiang Bin, King of Qiuci, married Princess Wusun. Later, Jiang Bin took Princess Wusun to Chang 'an to congratulate him. Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, gave him "riding a flag and beating drums, and dozens of people sang".

Since then, Jiang Bin "came to congratulate many times" and returned to Qiuci "to rule the palace, visit Wei Zhou, visit and bump the bells and drums, just like the musical instruments of the Han family". This major reform has had a far-reaching impact on the development of Qiuci music and dance art.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in the great exchange and integration of culture and nationality, Qiuci culture further developed, and the music art became increasingly prosperous, becoming a music and dance resort in the western regions. Fu Jian, the leader of the former Qin Dynasty, sent Lv Guangping to Qiuci, bringing a large number of Qiuci musicians to the Central Plains, thus opening the prelude to the large-scale eastward spread of Qiuci music and dance.

By the Sui Dynasty, three different forms of Qiuci music were popular in Chinese mainland. Music of Sui Shu records that there are three kinds of Kucha in the west: Qi Kucha and Sui Kucha. The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of Qiuci music and dance. Poem of Lianchang Palace by Yuan Zhen, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said: "You can travel all over Liangzhou, and colorful Qiuci continues."

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the local music and dance in Qiuci also entered the peak of development. In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzang, a famous monk, went to India to learn Buddhist scriptures. After returning home, he wrote "A Record of the Western Regions of Datang", which spoke highly of Qiuci's music art at that time. He said, "Qu Zhi? Qiuci country ... orchestral music, a particularly good country. "

Up to now, there are more than 500 Buddhist grottoes in Qiuci area, with murals 1 000 square meters. Among them, the images of music and dance are very objective, with about 18 kinds of dances and dozens of dance postures. Music and dance styles such as Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes all originated from Qiuci Music and Dance.

Qiuci music has developed to a considerable scale and level in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the music types are "Song", "Music Interpretation" and "Dance Music".

The introduction of Qiuci music promoted the reform of musical instruments in the Central Plains. Nowadays, many musical instruments used by mainland people, such as pipes, cymbals, pipa, waist drum and flute, are closely related to the spread of Qiuci music.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Qiuci Dance gradually broke away from the labor mode and amused itself, and developed into an art with performance means and plot content. The most outstanding achievement is the form of "musical drama", including "Su Curtain Covering", "Da Mian" and "Toutou". A common feature of their dances is that dancers wear masks, which are similar to various figures and animal images and express a certain story, which is the primary stage of drama. "Song and Dance Drama" is very popular in the western regions, and it has been loved by the ruling and opposition parties since it was introduced into the mainland.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to the strong national strength, Qiuci music and dance had a great influence on the world, especially in Asia. Qiuci music and dance has become a tool for foreign exchange, showing national prestige and developing cultural exchanges. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Japanese envoys were sent to China. When these envoys returned to China, they brought back music and dances from China, many of which were Qiuci music. In Japanese "Elegant Music", there are many musical works related to Qiuci, and the cymbals and five-string pipa in Qiuci music have become traditional Japanese musical instruments. Up to now, Japan still preserves the five-string pipa made in the Tang Dynasty.

Qiuci's music and dance also had a great influence on North Korea. The "long drum" spread on the Korean peninsula was introduced together with Qiuci music and dance. In ancient Korea, a kind of "peach skin" was a variety of Qiuci.

Ancient Vietnam, Myanmar and other countries also had the influence of Qiuci music and dance. New Tang Book Guo Si? The Biography of Myanmar Today records that there are four works in the court music department of the country. The first piece is the "Qiuci Department", and its musical instrument configuration is exactly the same as the "Qiuci Department" in the Tang Dynasty.