It is difficult for the ancients to go home during the New Year. What about the ancient Spring Festival travel rush craze?

In China, the Spring Festival is a festival for family reunion. The end of the year is approaching, and a returning army has appeared on the land of the motherland. No matter how far away from home, wanderers should try their best to get back to their families. The huge flow of returning home has also brought difficulties to the peak of Spring Festival travel rush. Even in modern times, isn't it more difficult for ancient people to go home for the New Year? Then let Lao Li introduce you. It is difficult for the ancients to go home during the New Year. What should we do at the peak of ancient Spring Festival travel rush?

As today, everyone is scrambling to go home for the Spring Festival, which is the source of the craze in ancient Spring Festival travel rush. According to research, the embryonic form of modern Spring Festival travel rush appeared in the Zhou Dynasty, and the ancient "Spring Festival travel rush fever" came into being. However, limited by nature and policies, especially the etiquette and custom factors such as "parents don't travel far" in feudal times, the number of population movements in ancient times was not much, and the distance was not too far.

Different from today, the main body of the upsurge in ancient Spring Festival travel rush was not "migrant workers", but public servants and businessmen. In ancient times, due to the long distance and limited traffic conditions, many people could not go home for the New Year. Even in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, when the traffic was relatively developed, the phenomenon of "difficulty in going home" was quite common.

Xue Daoheng, a poet of the Sui Dynasty, wrote in "Homesick in the Day": "I only entered the spring for seven days and left home for two years. After people return to geese, they think about flowers. " Xue Daoheng is a native of Fenyin, Hedong (now Wanrong, Shaanxi). He came to the south from the north and failed to get back in time to reunite with his family. Looking at the cheerful holiday atmosphere in the south, he is alone in a foreign land, so his poems reveal infinite melancholy and homesickness. This explains the phenomenon of "difficulty in going home" in the upsurge of ancient Spring Festival travel rush. Wang Wan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, left a famous sentence ... Night now gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness ".

In order to solve the problem of "people on the road" like Xue Daoheng and Wang Wan going home for the New Year, the ancient government also tried not to arrange public servants to go out during the New Year. Those who go out to make a living and do business leave early so as not to delay the time to go home.

Qin Dynasty's "high-speed rail": Behind the "difficulty in going home" on hardwood tracks, it is difficult to walk. Therefore, all the rulers of China have never forgotten to build roads.

The ancients in China attached great importance to the construction of road traffic in Shang Dynasty, and a large number of chariots and horses pits were discovered in the archaeological site of Yinxu in Anyang. By the Qin Dynasty, the level of land transportation in China had advanced by leaps and bounds. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he built a national highway network extending in all directions, which facilitated the peak of Spring Festival travel rush.

According to the biography of Hanshu Jia Shan, "(Qin Dynasty) is to spread the Tao to the world ... The Tao is fifty paces wide, the tree is built three feet thicker than the outside, hidden in the golden vertebra, and the tree is loose." The equator is the national highway of Qin. According to records, Chidao is not inferior to modern expressways. Converted, the width of equator is 69 meters. Not only is the road wide, but also pine trees are planted along the road. Pay attention to greening and noise reduction, which was first in the world at that time.

Some people think that the equator is reserved for emperors, but it is actually a misunderstanding. Chidao is the "way of the emperor", but "the way is in the present way", that is to say, Chidao is multifunctional, and the central part (3 feet wide) is the fast lane of the emperor's special car, so other cars and people can only walk on one side, just like the modern fully enclosed expressway separating the fast lane from the slow lane.

In addition to Chidao, there were straights and tracks in the Qin Dynasty. The track mentioned here is the "high speed rail" at that time. Of course, the track at that time was not a rail, but made of hardwood, and the sleepers underneath were basically no different from modern railways except for the different engineering materials. The carriage runs on it, and it is very fast.

The amazing conclusion that there was a "high-speed rail" in the Qin Dynasty was based on modern archaeology. The location is located in Nanyang City, Henan Province. The existence of track gives a new explanation to "cars on the same track" in Historical Records.

It should be noted that the construction of expressway network in Qin Dynasty was not for civil needs, but for military considerations, but its influence on folk customs should not be ignored.

Ancient "public transportation": It is not only the road conditions, but also the means of transportation that affect the efficiency of Spring Festival travel rush's rush. China was not only the first country to build expressways and use rail transit, but also invented various means of transportation. Foreign scholars believe that the automobile was first created by Sumerians in the 35th century BC. In fact, China has used cars for a long time. According to historical records, there were cars in the Yellow Emperor's era more than 4,000 years ago.

In ancient times, the driving forces were mainly human and animal power. The earliest rickshaw in China was a chariot, which was the predecessor of sedan chair. Then there were stupid rickshaws, unicycles, chicken carts, rickshaws and tricycles. And long-distance transportation, especially logistics, mainly depends on animal-drawn vehicles, which is the "bus" in ancient China. There are horse-drawn carriages, donkey carts, mule carts and ox carts. Among them, the carriage was the most important tool in the upsurge of ancient Spring Festival travel rush, as important as the modern coach, and it can still be seen in some places in the north.

There are also many kinds of animal-drawn vehicles: chariots (homophones), chariots, safety cars, chariots (homophones), chariots, tractors, soldiers (military vehicles) and so on. Bus is a kind of light car with simple structure and low grade body material. Chariots are big trucks, and when they are given away, they become buses.

More advanced is to install a car, which is taken by government officials or "VIPs", equivalent to a modern limousine. The coach is a sleeping car with windows, which can adjust the temperature inside the car. This car is equivalent to a modern luxury RV and is a "presidential car". Only the emperor can use it, not a tool for robbing people in ancient Spring Festival travel rush. After the death of Qin Shihuang, it became an advanced "hearse".

Spring Festival travel rush Rush, an ancient man, is worth showing off when he comes home. Most people can only walk on two legs or livestock to realize their wish of "going home for the New Year".

"Spring Festival travel rush fever" in the Tang Dynasty: unified national price In order to ensure holiday transportation, there were three kinds of transportation systems in ancient China: government-run, commercial-run and private-run, but no matter which one was charged. During holidays, passenger transportation and logistics costs will be more expensive than usual, but relatively stable. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, there was a unified national commercial transportation price, with a maximum price and a minimum price, and even the mileage and speed were specified in detail.

According to the Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty, the standards of speed and mileage are as follows: land transportation, horse travel 70 miles a day; Walking and donkey walking are both 50 miles; The garage is 30 miles away. If you take the waterway, the cargo ship will go upstream for 30 miles (Yellow River); Inverse (long) Jiang Shangxing forty miles; Other rivers swim 45 miles upstream. Special circumstances can be reported to the water administrative department and reduced as appropriate.

In terms of cost, the transportation cost is 1000 Jin, and the transportation cost is 900 Wen. Every 100 kg, 100, and the freight is 100; Take the hillside road, and the freight is 120. But even if you take all the mountain roads, the highest asking price cannot exceed150; But if you take a flat road, the cost can't be less than 80. People carry, carry, carry, two people carry a burden. The Yellow River and the Yangtze River, and the area from Youzhou (now Beijing) to Pingzhou (now Lulong, Hebei), water 16, water 6. The remaining rivers are 15, and the water is 5.

The above is the daily logistics price. If it is the peak in Spring Festival travel rush, the price will fluctuate, but it is basically stable. So is this freight high? Take the Kaiyuan period as an example. At that time, it was equivalent to the current nine-product officer of grassroots cadres. January salary is 38 17, and daily income is about 127.

Take "two people carry a load" as an example. If you carry 100 Jin and walk 100 Li, each person will get 50 articles. Walking for 50 days, the daily income was 25 Wen, and at that time, you could buy 2 dou of rice (about 25 Jin), so the freight rate at that time was not high. It will be cheaper if you go by water. Therefore, going home by boat was the first choice of ancient Spring Festival travel rush craze.

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