Was there Henan Opera during the reign of Qin Shihuang? What are they? Henan Opera originated from which emperor?

Henan Opera, based on Henan Bangzi, continues to develop through inheritance, reform, innovation and creation. About the origin of Henan Opera, there are three opinions at first. On the one hand, it is directly developed from the northern curve tune. It is recorded in Li Diaoyuan's drama in the Qing Dynasty: "Daughter tune is also called string tune, and its common name is Henan tune." According to this, people think that Henan opera evolved directly from "string rope" and was formed in the Ming Dynasty. Second, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, it developed on the basis of popular fashion poems in the Central Plains, and absorbed the artistic essence such as "string rope". It is based on the record of "Tubangzi" in "Da Qing Banknote Drama": "Tubangzi is also a drama that lives next to others." ; Thirdly, in the late Ming Dynasty, after Shaanxi Opera and Zhou Pu Bangzi were introduced into Henan, they were combined with Henan folk songs and minor tunes.

Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was rich in musical talent, which had a great influence on the development of music in the Tang Dynasty. He loves playing pipa and playing drums, and is good at composing music. He wrote 100 pieces of music, such as Colorful Feather, Little Piece, Spring, Light, Good and Autumn Wind High. He once chose musicians, workers, palaces and wives to sing and dance in the Forbidden City, courtyards and pear gardens, which is the origin of later calling the troupe "pear garden".

Pear Garden was originally a place for emperors, emperors, tourists and musicians in the Tang Dynasty. The activities held include tug-of-war and playing ball games. Tang Xuanzong wrote a new song called Dao Diao Fa Qu, and once selected 300 actors to sing and dance in the Forbidden City, the courtyard, the pear garden and the garden. "The voice is wrong, and the emperor will feel right." Colored feathers are also performed in the pear garden. Later, he called the troupe the pear garden, and called the troupe actors "children in the pear garden".

"Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, Music Notes III" records: "Since the beginning of this century, singers have mixed songs of Okoyi Lane, but many workers can't understand the songs collected by Sun Xuancheng, which are said to be Falun." Qiu Qiongsun's "A Brief Introduction to Yan Yue" points out that there are no Taoist tunes in French music.

The height, height, length, official, line, cliff and public of the pear garden. There are also pears, gardens, schools, workshops, ambassadors, pears, gardens, ambassadors, pears, gardens, officials, pears, gardens, suppliers, and officials in the pear garden, all of which are high-level, high-level, managerial, rational, independent, official, responsible and responsible. In addition, everyone knows that it is low, rank, happiness, and official. From happiness to talent, people, responsibility, and responsibility, and later, because happiness, official, excessive, non-existent, law, management, and management are all knowledge, everyone knows a position. After experiencing the chaos of public security, history and chaos, the pear garden gradually declined. Bai Juyi wrote in "Happy Works of Meeting Tianbao in the South of the Yangtze River": "Only Chinese officials are palace envoys, and cold food is opened every year." In Tang Wenzong, there were immortals, young people, courtyards and great rivers in the Liyuan for nine years, and Taichang Shao Qing Ding Feng was ordered to reform the French drama.

Some music works in Liyuan have spread to the people. "Liyuan" had a great influence on later Yuan zaju, traditional Chinese opera and Zhang Hui novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty often went on stage to play the clown, the clown was generally the class leader in the pear garden, and Xuanzong was also known as the originator of the pear garden. At present, many opera artists claim to be children of the pear garden.

Shaanxi Opera originated from the folk songs and dances in the ancient Shaanxi-Gansu region, and was gradually developed around China's ancient politics, politics, economy, economy, culture, China, mind, growth and security, and was formed through the creation of artists from generation to generation. Shaanxi Opera "was formed in Qin Dynasty, refined in Han Dynasty, flourished in Tang Dynasty, completed in Yuan Dynasty, matured in Ming Dynasty, broadcast in Qing Dynasty, and became a grand view after several evolutions". During the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Zhang Zhu, a native of Jingyang, Shaanxi Province, wrote "On Shaanxi Opera". At this time, the Shaanxi opera has matured. During the Qianlong period, Wei Changsheng went to Beijing to perform Shaanxi Opera, which caused a sensation in Beijing and had a direct impact on the formation of Bangzi Opera in various places.

The earliest title of Henan Opera is "Henan Land", and there are other titles such as Bianliang Opera (see Tsui Hark's "Clearing Banknotes") and Bailuojuan. In the middle and late Qing dynasty, there were other nicknames such as "high-profile", "relying on the mountain" and "relying on the mountain". People, countries, periods and people are also called local help and local help. In this period, the literati were also called Henan Bangzi. The name of Henan Opera came last, the earliest among people and countries, a little later than Henan Bangzi. The names of "Henan Bangzi" and "Henan Opera" sometimes include other operas in Henan at the earliest. Until the autumn of 1947, newspapers in Luoyang, Kaifeng, Lanzhou and Xi 'an used this title to refer to today's Henan Opera.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Henan Opera has formed five schools, namely "Xiangfu Tune" (centered on Kaifeng), "Yudong Tune" (centered on Shangqiu), Yuxi Tune (centered on Luoyang), Sha Hetiao (centered on Shahe Valley, namely, southeastern Henan and northern Anhui) and high-profile (centered on Puyang and Heze). According to statistics from 65438 to 0934, Henan Opera was popular in more than 100 counties in Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu and Hebei.

During the compilation of China Opera Records Henan Volume, experts investigated and demonstrated that the earliest birthplace of Henan Bangzi was in Kaifeng, Henan Province and the counties around Kaifeng. It is no accident that Henan Opera was born in Kaifeng. This is due to Kaifeng's historical and cultural accumulation and rich music, dance, life and emotion. Especially in the Song Dynasty, Kaifeng was the first, and the capital, hook, fence, tile, mansion, time, cloth, whole city and Song Dynasty were clearly recorded. At that time, there were hook mulberry, home, tile, son, north, tile, second, lee, tile and so on. At that time, the large-scale drama "Mu Lian Save Mother" had been staged in Kaifeng. From dry bangzi to local bangzi, to Henan bangzi, and finally to Henan opera, it is the whole context of the development and evolution of modern Henan opera.

According to the memories of some old artists in the 20th century, when they were studying fine arts around 19 12, they heard the master say that "ten places inside" and "eight places outside" in Henan became popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to legend, the earliest narrators of Henan Opera were Jiangmen and Xumen. Jiangmen is in Zhuxian Town, south of Kaifeng, and Xumen is in Ji Qinghe, east of Kaifeng. They all have classes. Legend has it that the "third class" in Kaifeng, Cheng Yi class, public discussion class and public interest class all experienced the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

According to "Qi Lu Deng" written in the forty-second year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty and "Qi County Records" written in the fifty-third year of Qianlong, Bangzi Opera was popular in Kaifeng and Qixian at that time, and it was known as "Luo Juan" when it performed on the same stage as Luoxi and Juanxi. According to the content of the inscription at that time, the Ming Palace was "a variety of performances before classes, prayers, banquets, meetings, meetings, offices and generations, and I don't know when it was built." During the Daoguang period, the river workers burst, the temple collapsed and there were no tiles left. "It can be seen that Bangzi Opera existed in Henan before Daoguang.

Henan Opera is a branch of the unified Bangzi Opera in the early Qing Dynasty. From the beginning of18th century, a cross sentence was wedged into the Qupai style, which was named "cross-tune bangzi cavity". After adding the word "gathering Tang", it was once called "dry bangzi opera" or "bangzi seedling cavity" With the decrease of qupai, Bangzi Opera with banqiang as its main musical form was basically formed during Jiaqing and Daoguang years in Qing Dynasty, and it has been more than 200 years. During the reign of Qianlong and Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, there was a famous "flower-elegance dispute" in the history of China opera. As the dominant part in the theater, Kunqu Opera, the "Yabu", gradually gave way to the local opera originated from the people as the "Flower Department". It was during this period that Henan Opera gradually grew up. During the period from Xianfeng to Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, eighteen performers in western Henan were praised as "eighteen old gentlemen" by the audience because of their excellent singing skills. Class 8 in Mixian County, founded in the tenth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, is a professional class in Henan Bangzi. In the 30th year of Guangxu, Class 8 in Mixian hired some artists from the "eighteen old gentlemen" in western Henan. At this time, the old and the new are combined, and each has its own unique skills. By the early years of the Republic of China, it was very famous in all counties in western Henan, and people called it "the invincible troupe of thousands of generals." At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the performance of Henan Bangzi in Kaifeng became mature, and a large number of actors and class clubs recorded in Rebuilding the Monument of the Ming Palace sang Henan Bangzi. At the same time, Henan Bangzi starts from Shangqiu in the east, reaches Zhumadian in the south, Yima in the west and hua county in the north, occupying the whole central region of Henan Province. During its spread, Bangzi has formed different vocal cavities in different areas, such as Xiangfu cavity (Kaifeng area), Eastern Henan cavity (Shangqiu area), Western Henan cavity (Luoyang area) and Sha Hetiao cavity (Luohe area).

After the death of Xin, Hai, Ge and Ming, Henan Bangzi entered more and more cities to perform. Famous tea houses in Kaifeng, such as Zhixiang Tea House, Puqing Tea House, Chenghuai Tea House, Qing Tea House, Donghuo Temple Tea House, and Le Tong Tea House, all rushed to invite Kanako Banshe, Yicheng Class, Tianxing Class, Public Class and Public Class to perform.