Living fossils of cognitive meteorology in the twenty-four solar terms?

Solar terms are valuable experiences summarized by ancient people in China through long-term observation, including the changing laws of natural phenomena such as seasons, climate and phenology. For thousands of years, solar terms have been an important guide to people's daily life and agricultural production, especially in understanding how the ancients knew meteorology. Solar terms can be called "living fossils" and have played an important role. Let's introduce them to you.

Twenty-four solar terms are the earliest weather and climate forecast, which was summarized by the ancients by observing the annual movement of the sun and the changing laws of seasons, climate and phenology. In modern climatology, the knowledge of regularity brought by the 24 solar terms has important reference significance. As a "living fossil" of cognitive meteorology, it is not only a kind of culture, but also highly scientific.

People first studied the changes of time and season by observing the changes of the sun's shadow. The twenty-four solar terms are divided according to the orbit of the earth around the sun, that is, the position of the sun on the ecliptic. The sun starts from the vernal equinox, that is, the longitude of the Yellow River is zero. At this moment, the sun shines vertically on the equator, and every advance of 15 degrees is a solar term; A week after the operation, I returned to the vernal equinox, which is a tropical year, and the 24 solar terms are exactly 360 degrees.

Twenty-four solar terms are the need of farming age. At that time, there was no modern technology, and everything depended on the weather. Farmland cultivation and sowing need to know the sky and predict the weather and climate. Therefore, the ancestors understood the natural changes of the outside world by observing the changes of the sun, the moon and the stars.

The 24 solar terms mainly correspond to agricultural activities. Although it originated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River to guide agricultural activities there, we can use 24 solar terms from the northeast to Hainan. This is because the 24 solar terms are not static. They are like a coordinate. People in different areas will find suitable farming nodes in the coordinates according to the local weather and climate characteristics, thus guiding the local farming process.

Today, with the continuous development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of the fine level of meteorological forecast, the 24 solar terms will not be out of date. Although modern science has improved monitoring methods and fine forecasting, the grasp of weather phenomena is still not 100% accurate.

Twenty-four solar terms are a summary of the experience and laws of long-term observation of weather, climate and production and life for thousands of years. Modern meteorology often uses statistical principles to find out laws from as many samples as possible, which is the same as the principle that the ancients summarized the 24 solar terms, so this method is not out of date today.

From the point of view of meteorologists, the 24 solar terms will still be regarded as a part of meteorological scientific knowledge. Although the development of modern science is very important to the promotion of meteorology, meteorological work still needs to sum up the past meteorological laws and study the 24 solar terms, that is, the past climate characteristics, which is also of great significance to the current meteorological science.

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