The history of the Yellow River flowing through Handan is the old course of the Yellow River.

Since the Yellow River entered the historical period. That is to say, judging from the time that can be inferred from today's historical records, the Yellow River began to flow through the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain in 2000 BC, then gradually swung eastward and southward, and then flowed through the western edge of Huanghuaihai Plain in the13rd century. By this time, the Yellow River has swept the Huanghuaihai Plain for more than 3000 years, and the Huanghuaihai Plain south of Haihe River has been irrigated and silted by the Yellow River water and sediment everywhere. The Yellow River related to Quzhou can be roughly divided into the following different historical periods. There is no test about the prehistoric Yellow River today, except that Handan, including Taihang Mountain, has experienced geophysical changes (see Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan). Talking about the Yellow River can only begin from the legendary period.

Chronicle of Qiu County (edited by Sharla Cheung and published by Local Records Publishing House, 200 1) was edited by Mr. Dai Yang Fengkui. In the Compendium of General Mirror, there is a saying that Yao flooded in 61 years (2297 BC), and the China Historical Science and Education Book lists Qiu County as a flood-prone place in Yao, believing that it flooded to Yao. He also said that in the seventy-second year of Emperor Yao (2286 BC), Dayu began to control water and guide rivers, and in the eighty-fifth year of Emperor Yao (2273 BC), water control was successful. At the same time, in Zhangheng (now Zhanghedian in Cheng 'an County, the old road of Zhangheng in the south of Qiu County), nine tributaries of the lower Yellow River, such as Tuhai, Taishi and Majia (now Ma Jiahe in the east of Daming), were diverted, and the Yellow River water finally flowed into the sea.

& lt& lt Gong Yu "; This is what the so-called "nine rivers in northern Guangzhou" means. According to the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" (by Wang Dayou, published by China Social Publishing House in 2000), "Dayu began to control water in Pingyang, Jizhou, the capital of Yao Di. It is common that the South Yellow River flows eastward from Tongguan, enters the river through Jin Meng and Luoshui, reaches Dawan, flows eastward through the Yellow River (between Feixiang and Quzhou in Hebei Province) where the total water, qi water and turbid water (precipitation) enter, flows into the inland river (between Longyao, Julu and Renxian in Hebei Province), and divides into nine tributaries northward. He also said: "It is said that since 4200 years ago (2208 BC) ... the mouth of the Yellow River was in Wuqiang, Hengshui City, Hebei Province, and now the Fuyang River is the Yellow River at that time. "Time is before the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (about 623 BC). Mountains and rivers refer to the rivers recorded in Shan Hai Jing Shan Jing (probably the earliest monograph on mountain geography in China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period). At this time, the Yellow River has not been named, and it is only called "big river" or "river".

Its basic flow direction is roughly from the northern foot of Guangwu Mountain in Henan Province, through Xinxiang and Xunxian County, along the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, and flows eastward and northward through Hebei Plain. From south to north, the counties flowing through are Weixian, Cheng 'an, Guangping, Quzhou, Jize and Qiuxian in Handan, Guangzong, Nangong and Xinhe in Xingtai, Hengshui, Shenxian and Cangzhou in Hengshui. This big river, which branches northeast from Shenxian County and flows into the sea through Qingxian County of Cangzhou City, is called Gong Yuhe because it is contained in the book Shangshu Gong Yu (originally written by Xia, it was suspected to be a work in the late Warring States period, that is, the 3rd century BC). (about 623 BC) to the mid-Warring States period (about 348 BC). In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, the lower reaches of the Yellow River are still in a state of natural slowness. No dikes were built on both sides of the river, and the riverbed was silted up by sediment. When it reaches a certain period, it will inevitably overflow, and sometimes it may be divided into multiple streams and flow into the sea at the same time.

According to historical records, in the fifth year of King Ding of Zhou Dynasty (602 BC), the Yellow River burst at today's Suwei (the confluence of Qihe River and Weihe River), changed its course, flowed through Puyang, Qingfeng, Nanle, Daming and Guantao, and flowed northeast into Tianjin. According to Mr. Yang Fengkui's article in Qiu County Records, "In the sixth year of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (463 BC), the Yellow River moved eastward". In order to prevent floods, coastal residents began to build dams on the periphery of their settlements or cultivated land to defend themselves.

After the Warring States began, Zhao and Wei built dams on both sides of the Yellow River and the east bank of Qi to protect their territory. Each dam was 25 miles away from the riverbed and the two dams were 50 miles away. Zuo Di started from today's Wuzhi, and the right dike started from today's Yuanyang, all of which entered today's famous territory, winding hundreds of miles to the north until Ye Xiucheng in the Warring States Period. In this way, when the flood comes, the big water can wander in the dike, and the sediment falls and deposits in the dike. Since then, the Yellow River has a fixed single channel, and the branching flow gradually disappears, ending the situation of multi-flow diversion and frequent reform.

Therefore, from the 4th century BC to the middle of the 2nd century, there was no major disaster in the Yellow River. It enables people to work and live in this land on a large scale, gradually forming a gathering city and developing into a city. During this period, there have also been incidents of "taking water as a soldier" and "beggar-thy-neighbor", but none of them have caused serious consequences. According to historical records, in 37 years and 19 years (332 BC), Qi and Wei attacked Zhao, but Zhao decided to lead the Yellow River into Zhao, and Qi and Wei retreated.

Monk (about 372 BC-289 BC) criticized the man (Wei Guo) who boasted that he was good at water control in Mencius Gao Zi Xia, saying: "Yu's water control is also the way of water, so Yu regarded the four seas as beggars, and now my son regards neighboring countries as beggars", and pointed out the X disadvantages of people in power in various countries in the mid-Warring States period. That is, the later Wangmang River. Because this river is recorded in the History of Han Geography, it is called the Great River of the Western Han Dynasty. In fact, it is a big river formed by embankment construction on both sides since the mid-Warring States period. It flows on the Xukou of Gusu in the southwest of Xunxian County, Henan Province, and is as famous as "Mountains and Rivers" and "Gong Yuhe". Starting from the ancient Xukou below, the northeast flows through the southwest of Puyang, turns north through Daming East and Guantao Northeast, east to Gaotang in Shandong, north through Dongguang West and northeast through Huanghua City in Cangzhou City, Hebei Province. During this period, big rivers are also flowing, sometimes crossing mountains or Gongyu River, and sometimes two rivers coexist.

After the middle of the 2nd century BC (after Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty), the river banks gradually silted up large fertile beaches, attracting many farmers to cultivate seeds for a long time and form settlements. A flood dike was built in front of the beach. In the Yellow River embankment from Weixian to Daming to Guantao, this kind of earth embankment is heavy, which raises the water level and forms a dangerous section. The main stream of the Yellow River is constantly scouring the downstream dikes, and large-scale migration has begun to appear.

In the 12th year of Emperor Wendi of Han Dynasty (65438 BC+068 BC) and the 3rd year of Emperor Yuanguang of Han Dynasty (65438 BC+032 BC), the Yellow River broke the east bank levee twice, burst into the Huaihe River to the southeast and entered the sea through the Huaihe River. However, these two diversions did not cause water damage to Hebei, so there was no disaster record in the history of southern Hebei. In the second year of Han Yuanfeng (BC 109), the court organized manpower to block the breach of the Yellow River (north of Puyang) and the Yellow River resumed its original path.

Soon, the river burst in the north of Guantao, wei county (northeast of today's name), and rushed out of a branch named Tunshi River, which was "as deep as a river" and flowed through wei county, Qinghe, Xindu and Bohai counties, becoming the natural spillway of the Yellow River. Therefore, this river and Tunshi River were deliberately unblocked and the water flow was smooth. This situation lasted for 60 or 70 years, and the Duming River and Bohai Sea appeared downstream. After that, siltation occurred in 1967, which caused crevasses in Wei Jun, Dong Jun, Plain, Qinghe, Xindu, Bohai and other counties along the river in the next 30 to 40 years. For example, in 29 BC, the Yellow River broke through Guantao and the Golden Dike in Dong Jun, causing floods. In the second year, the river bank was built and the breach was blocked. Finally, in the third year after the founding of the People's Republic of China (A.D. 1 1 year), the flood finally reached several counties east of Qinghe, starting from Yuancheng in the south of Wei County (now northeast of Daming). At first, the ruler Wang Mang was afraid that the flood would flood his ancestral grave in Yuancheng. Later, Yuan Cheng's ancestral grave was not threatened by the flood, so he did not advocate blocking it, which led to serious floods in Yanzhou and Henan, and also caused a major diversion of the Yellow River. Since the middle of the 7th century (after Tang Gaozong), the number of floods in the lower reaches of the Yellow River has increased again. During the Five Dynasties, due to natural and man-made factors, river disasters occurred frequently in Henan and Shandong, but had little impact on Hebei. After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, although the long-term separatist regime ended, the river disaster was not as good as before.

In the fourth year of Gande in Song Taizu (AD 966), the Yellow River burst in Puyang today, and the river entered Daming House, destroying people's houses. In the fifth year of Jiayou, he settled in six places in Wei County (now Nanlexi) of Daming Prefecture, passed through Wei (now Qinghe), Bo, Germany and other States, and was named Sijie River. Later, it was connected with Tuma River (now Ma Jiahe) in the Western Han Dynasty, and then entered the sea through Leling and Wudi in Cangzhou. This is the eastward flow of the Yellow River in the Song Dynasty. Because the Yellow River originally flowed northward, and the one that flowed eastward was also called Ergu River.

After the first northward flow of the Yellow River in the Song Dynasty, the second and third northward flows occurred, both of which were determined to flow northward to the west or east of Puyang, passing between Fuyang River and South Canal, and flowing northward to the east of Tianjin to enter the sea. The Yellow River wandered back and forth on this plain, which was high in the east and low in the middle. In a chaotic era, there were many floods in Daming and Guantao. In the eighth year of Yuan You, Song Zhezong (A.D. 1093), Yizhou River collapsed, Dian Wei resumed (in today's southern Daming), and the Beiliu was cut off due to siltation. In the second year in Fu Yuan, Song Zhezong, the river turned yellow, the east flow was cut off, and the whole river entered northern Hebei.

In the second year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty, Du Chong, the left-behind minister in Tokyo, burst its banks in hua county, causing the Yellow River to flow eastward to the south of hua county, and then enter the Yellow Sea from Si to Huai. This did not save the fate of the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, but it made the Yellow River leave the channel that flowed from the northeast to the Bohai Sea for thousands of years, and swayed from the northeast of Henan to the southwest of Shandong.

The Yellow River, which has flowed in Handan for thousands of years, has since left the territory of Handan today. There is no history of the Yellow River in Handan today. It has been 879 years since 2007. However, there is a record that the Yellow River (possibly a residual vein) flows in Handan. According to the Records of Qiu County, the Yellow River flowed northward from A.D. 1048 and moved southward in the fifth year of Jin Mingchang (A.D. 1 194). It shows that in this historical period, Hebei also has the Yellow River. For further inspection in the future. Therefore, it is attached here. More than 800 years ago, the eastern plain of Handan was the lower reaches of the Yellow River. In the days when the Yellow River left Handan, what changes have taken place in the Yellow River? This article will not go into details.