Can you tell me the information about three grams of radium in lesson 18 in the second volume of grade six?

First, the description of teaching materials

"Three grams of radium" tells the story that Madame Curie had three grams of radium in her life, and shows the world the great personality of Madame Curie as a scientist: even for the sake of science, you can't take scientific research results for yourself. This is another contribution made by Madame Curie while contributing radium to mankind.

Madame Curie's three grams of radium, the first gram was extracted by herself; The second gram is Mrs. maloney, an American journalist, who runs around among American women and is donated by the American public. The third gram of radium was also donated by the American public. Madame Curie, as the discoverer of radium, is not only not as rich as the American journalists infer, but also so poor. It is precisely because Madame Curie did not take the patent right of radium for herself, but dedicated it to all mankind.

A passage in Madame Curie's autobiography is difficult to understand. She said: "Human beings need people who are brave in practice. They can get great gains from their work, and they will not forget the public welfare, but also safeguard their own interests. However, human beings also need dreamers and selflessness, which shows two attitudes towards life: one is not to forget the public welfare, but also to protect their own interests; One is a selfless idealist who is obsessed with his career. Both kinds of people are beneficial to society. Madame Curie also affirmed the former. But Madame Curie obviously belongs to the latter. She has contributed everything to science and all mankind. Patent right is the right granted by the state to the inventor to monopolize his invention and creation. When the Curies extracted the first gram of radium, they announced the purification method of radium without reservation and gave up the patent. Even if the American public donated two grams of radium to her, one gram for scientific research and one gram for establishing a radium research institute for the motherland, she did nothing for herself. This is where her great personality lies!

The purpose of writing this article is to let students experience the great personality charm of scientists through the study of the text, and get infected and educated from it; The second is to implement the training plan of the group and guide students to think away from Madame Curie's case.

Second, the learning objectives

1. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally.

2. Understand Madame Curie's great personality.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. Let the students learn by themselves according to the reading tips. When checking the reading situation, teachers should give appropriate instructions to inspire students to grasp the content of the text in an orderly way around the different sources of three grams of radium, and to think and question what they are interested in or don't understand. On the basis of grasping the main content of the text, we find some problems that are of great significance to understanding the character and understanding the thoughts and feelings of the text.

2. Two sentences said by Madame Curie are not easy to understand. In teaching, let students ask questions about learning and understanding these two sentences, sum up everyone's problems, and then let students discuss with their own feelings. In the process of discussion and speculation, I realized Madame Curie's great personality and received education from it.

Madame Curie's deeds are very touching. A few words in her autobiography are very profound. On the basis of reading comprehension, students should be guided to connect with practice. Students can think of many selfless people and things, and they may also think of those shameful and selfish people. Students should be encouraged to speak their minds and express their true feelings.

4. In teaching, teachers can ask students to supplement the information they collected about Madame Curie, which can arouse their interest in reading and make students understand the text better; Second, it can organically combine in-class and out-of-class, and broaden the channels for students to learn Chinese.

Fourth, reference materials

Madame Curie (1867— 1934) was originally named Maria? Skoro dorf? Skaya, French physicist and chemist. Originally from Poland. And her husband Bull? Curie studied radioactivity together. Radioactive element radium was found in1903; Later, another radioactive element polonium was discovered, so she won the Nobel Prize twice and was considered as the most outstanding female scientist in the 20th century. She has two excellent daughters. Ilyina, the eldest daughter, is an outstanding scientist who won the Nobel Prize in chemistry with 1937. Eve, the youngest daughter, is a famous music educator and biographer. She is the author of Biography of Madame Curie.

Mrs maloney is a famous American journalist and editor-in-chief of new york Women's Magazine.

Radium is a radioactive metal element, which is silvery white, shiny, highly radioactive and can continuously release a lot of heat. Radium has strong radiation penetration, can destroy animal tissues and kill bacteria, and can be used to treat cancer or skin diseases.

192 1 When Madame Curie was invited to visit the United States, the President of the United States gave her a gram of radium donated by the public (worth more than one million dollars), which was exactly what she needed. Before the presentation ceremony, when she saw the words "presented to Madame Curie" written on the "presented certificate", she was unhappy. She declared: "This certificate needs to be revised. This gram of radium given to me by the American people should always belong to science, but if it is written like this, this gram of radium will become private property and become the industry of my daughters. This is absolutely impossible. " The organizer hired a lawyer to modify the certificate that night, and Madame Curie signed the "gift certificate".

Marie Curie (1867- 1934), a French Polish scientist, studied radioactive phenomena and discovered two radioactive elements, namely radium and polonium, and won the Nobel Prize twice in her life. Marie Curie (1867- 1934), a French Polish scientist, studied radioactive phenomena and discovered two radioactive elements, namely radium and polonium, and won the Nobel Prize twice in her life. As an outstanding scientist, Madame Curie has social influence that ordinary scientists do not have. Especially because she is a pioneer of successful women, her model has inspired many people. Many people heard her story in childhood, but they got a simplified and incomplete impression. The world's understanding of Madame Curie. It was greatly influenced by Madame Curie, and her second daughter published a biography in 1937. This book beautifies Madame Curie's life and tells all the twists and turns she encountered in her life. American biographer susan quinn spent seven years collecting unpublished diaries and biographical materials, including Madame Curie's family members and friends. Last year, a new book named Maria Curie: A Life was published, which described her hard, bitter and struggling life in more detail and depth.

Madame Curie: a great scientist who won the Nobel Prize twice.

Marie Curie is an immortal name in the history of world science. By virtue of her diligence and talent, this great female scientist has made outstanding contributions in the fields of physics and chemistry, and thus became the only famous scientist who won the Nobel Prize twice in two different disciplines.

First, I entered the University of Paris through self-study.

Marie Curie was born in Warsaw, Poland on 1867. She is the youngest of five children. Her father is a middle school math and science teacher with limited income, and her mother is also a middle school teacher. Mary's childhood was unhappy. Her mother has a serious infectious disease, and her sister takes care of her. Later, my mother and elder sister died when she was less than 10 years old. Her life is full of difficulties. Such a living environment not only cultivated her ability to live independently, but also tempered her very strong character since she was a child.

Mary studied very hard since she was a child. She has a strong interest in learning and special hobbies. She never misses any learning opportunities easily, and shows tenacious enterprising spirit everywhere. Since primary school, she has been the first in every subject. /kloc-At the age of 0/5, he graduated from middle school with a gold medal. Her father studied physics at St. Petersburg University earlier, and her father's thirst for scientific knowledge and strong enterprising spirit also deeply cultivated little Mary. She likes all kinds of instruments in her father's laboratory since she was a child. When she grew up, she read many books on natural science, which filled her with fantasies. She is eager to explore the scientific world. But her family at that time did not allow her to go to college. /kloc-at the age of 0/9, she began to be a tutor for a long time and taught herself various subjects at the same time. In this way, until the age of 24, she finally came to study at the Faculty of Science of Paris University. With a strong thirst for knowledge, she listened carefully to every class. Hard work has made her worse and worse, but her academic performance is always among the best, which not only envies her classmates, but also surprises her professors. Two years after entering school, she confidently took the examination for the bachelor's degree in physics, and she won the first place among 30 candidates. The next year, she won a bachelor's degree in mathematics with the second place.

At the beginning of 1894, Mary accepted the magnetic research project of various steels proposed by the French National Council for the Promotion of Industry. In the process of completing this research project, she met pierre curie, a teacher from the School of Physics and Chemistry. He is a very successful young scientist. They are United because of their common desire to use science to benefit mankind. After Mary got married, people addressed her as Madame Curie. 1896, Madame Curie finished the post examination for college graduates with the first place. The following year, she completed the magnetic research on various steels. However, she is not satisfied with her achievements. She is determined to take the doctoral exam and determine her research direction. Stand at a new starting line.

Second, the light of radium.

1896, French physicist becquerel published a work report, which introduced in detail the uranium element he discovered through many experiments. Uranium and its compounds have a special ability to automatically and continuously emit a kind of invisible ray. This kind of ray is different from ordinary light, it can make photographic film sensitive through black paper, and it is also different from X-ray discovered by Roentgen. In the absence of high vacuum gas discharge and high voltage, uranium and its compounds constantly emit rays and radiate energy outward. This aroused the great interest of Madame Curie. Where does this energy come from? What is the nature of this unusual ray? Madame Curie was determined to uncover its secret. From 65438 to 0897, Madame Curie chose her own research topic-the study of radioactive substances. This research project has brought her into a new scientific world. She worked hard to open up a virgin land, and finally completed the discovery of radioactive element radium, one of the most important discoveries in the history of modern science, which laid the foundation of modern radiochemistry and made great contributions to mankind.

In the experimental research, Madame Curie designed a measuring instrument, which can not only measure whether there is radiation in a certain substance, but also measure the intensity of radiation. After repeated experiments, she found that the intensity of uranium rays is directly proportional to the uranium content in the material, but it has nothing to do with the state of uranium existence and external conditions.

Madame Curie made a comprehensive examination of known chemical elements and all compounds, and made an important discovery: an element called thorium can automatically emit invisible rays, which shows that the phenomenon that elements can emit rays is not only the characteristics of uranium, but also the common characteristics of some elements. She called this phenomenon radioactivity, and called elements with this property radioactive elements. The radiation they emit is called "radiation". According to the experimental results, she also predicted that minerals containing uranium and thorium must be radioactive; Minerals that do not contain uranium and thorium must not be radioactive. The instrument inspection completely verified her prediction. She excluded those minerals that did not contain radioactive elements, concentrated on those that were radioactive, and accurately measured the radioactive intensity of elements. In the experiment, she found that the radioactive intensity of a pitchblende is much greater than expected, which shows that the mineral in the experiment contains a new radioactive element unknown to people, and the content of this element must be very small, because this mineral has already been accurately analyzed by many chemists. She resolutely announced her findings in the experimental report and tried to prove it through experiments. At this critical moment, her husband, pierre curie, also realized the importance of his wife's discovery. He stopped studying crystals and studied this new element with his wife. After months of hard work, they separated a substance mixed with bismuth from the ore, and its radioactive intensity far exceeded that of uranium, which was later listed as No.84 polonium in the periodic table of elements. A few months later, they discovered another new element and named it radium. However, the Curies did not immediately get the joy of success. When they got a little compound of new elements, they found that the initial estimate was too optimistic. In fact, the content of radium in ore is less than one millionth. Just because this mixture is extremely radioactive, substances containing trace radium salts show hundreds of times more radioactivity than uranium.

The road to science has never been smooth sailing. For centuries, the discovery of polonium and radium and the characteristics of these new radioactive elements have shaken some basic theories and concepts. Scientists have always believed that atoms of various elements are the smallest unit of matter, and atoms are inseparable and unchangeable. According to the traditional view, the radiation emitted by radioactive elements such as polonium and radium cannot be explained. Therefore, physicists and chemists are interested in Madame Curie's research work, but they all have doubts in their hearts. Chemists in particular are more rigorous. In order to finally confirm this scientific discovery and further study the properties of radium, the Curies must separate more and purer radium salts from asphalt ore.

All the unknown worlds are mysterious. At the beginning of the research on separating new elements, they didn't know any chemical properties of the new elements. The only clue to find a new element is that it is highly radioactive. Based on this, they created a new chemical analysis method. But they have no money, no real laboratory, only some simple instruments bought or designed by themselves. In order to work efficiently, they conducted research separately. The characteristics of radium are determined by Mr. Curie's experiments; Madame Curie continued to refine pure radium salt.

Where there is a will, there is a way! Any mystery of nature will be revealed by those who stubbornly deal with it. At the end of 1902, Madame Curie extracted one tenth of extremely pure radium chloride and accurately determined its atomic weight. Since then, the existence of radium has been confirmed. Radium is a natural radioactive substance, which is extremely difficult to obtain. Its shape is shiny white crystal, like fine salt. In spectral analysis, it is different from the spectral line of any known element. Radium is not the first radioactive element discovered by human beings, but it is the most radioactive element. Using its powerful radioactivity, we can further discover many new characteristics of radiation. Therefore, many elements can be further applied to practice. Medical research has found that laser rays have different effects on different cells and tissues, and those rapidly multiplying cells will be quickly destroyed once they are irradiated by radium. This discovery makes radium a powerful means to treat cancer. Cancer is made up of cells that reproduce very quickly, and the damage caused by laser rays is far greater than that caused by surrounding healthy tissues. This new treatment method was quickly developed all over the world. In France, radium therapy is called Curie therapy. The discovery of radium has fundamentally changed the basic principles of physics, which is of great significance for promoting the development of scientific theory and its application in practice.

Third, a heart of gold.

Due to their amazing discovery, the Curies won the Nobel Prize in Physics with becquerel in February, 1903. Their scientific achievements are unparalleled, but they are extremely contemptuous of fame and fortune and most tired of those boring social parties. They devoted everything they had to the cause of science, without any selfish interests. After the successful extraction of radium, they were suggested to apply for a patent right from the government to monopolize the manufacture of radium and make a fortune. Madame Curie said, "That is against the scientific spirit. Scientists' research results should be published publicly, and others should develop these results without any restrictions. "Besides, radium is good for patients, so we should not use it for profit. The Curies also donated their Nobel Prizes to others.

1906, Mr. Curie died in a car accident, and Madame Curie was in great pain. She is determined to redouble her efforts to realize their common scientific ambition. Paris University decided that Madame Curie would take over from Mr. Curie to teach physics. Madame Curie became the first female professor in the history of the famous Paris University. When the couple separated the first batch of radium salts, they began to study the various properties of radiation. From 1889 to 1904, they published 32 academic reports and recorded their exploration footprints in the field of radiation science. In 19 10, Madame Curie finished the book Radioactivity Monograph. She also cooperated with others to successfully prepare metal radium. 19 1 1 year, Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. A female scientist, in less than 10 years, won the highest prize in world science twice in two different scientific fields, which is unique in the history of world science!

19 14, the institute of radium science was established in Paris, and Madame Curie served as the research director of the institute. After that, she continued to teach at the university and engaged in the research of radioactive elements. She spread scientific knowledge to all who want to learn without stint. She has been studying and working for 50 years since 16. But she still hasn't changed that strict lifestyle. She has a high degree of self-sacrifice since she was a child. In her early years, she was willing to work as a servant in other people's homes so that her sister could go to school. During her study in Paris, she studied in the library every night in order to save fuel and heating costs, until the library closed. The pitchblende needed to extract pure radium was very precious at that time. They saved money bit by bit from their living expenses and bought 8 or 9 tons successively. After Mr. Curie's death, Madame Curie donated radium painstakingly extracted and worth more than 654.38 million gold francs to the laboratory for cancer research and treatment.

1932, 65-year-old Madame Curie returned to China to attend the opening ceremony of Warsaw Radium Institute. Madame Curie has been away from the motherland since her youth and went to France to study. But she never forgot her motherland. When she was a child, her motherland Poland was occupied by Russia, and she hated the invaders very much. When the couple separated a new element from the mineral, she named it polonium. This is because polonium has the same roots as Poland. She expressed her deep nostalgia for the motherland enslaved by Russia.

On July 1937, Madame Curie died of illness. She eventually died of pernicious anemia. She created and developed radiation science all her life, studied strongly radioactive materials fearlessly for a long time, and finally contributed her life to this science. During her lifetime, she won 10 famous awards including the Nobel Prize, and 16 medals awarded by international advanced academic institutions. Governments and scientific research institutions around the world have awarded more than 100 awards. But as always, she is modest and prudent. Einstein, a great scientist, commented: "Among all the celebrities I know, Madame Curie is the only one who has not been overwhelmed by fame."

Attachment: Example of teaching plan

Teaching objectives:

1. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally.

2. Understand Madame Curie's great personality.

Teaching process:

First, reveal the topic.

Marie Curie is an immortal name in the history of world science. By virtue of her diligence and talent, this great female scientist has made outstanding contributions in the fields of physics and chemistry, and thus became the only famous scientist who won the Nobel Prize twice in two different disciplines. Do you know Madame Curie? She is a world-famous physicist who discovered the radioactive element "radium". However, you may not believe it, but she can't afford a gram of radium! What's going on here? Please read the text and you will know.

Second, reading the text for the first time

1. What does this text say about Madame Curie?

2. What unsolvable problems have you encountered?

Third, group study.

1. How did Madame Curie possess three grams of radium, and what kind of great personality did she show?

2. How to understand that "human beings need people who are brave in practice. They can get great gains from their work, and they should not forget the public welfare, but also protect their own interests. But human beings also need dreamers and need to be obsessed with the selflessness of their careers. " This sentence?

Who or what do you think of after reading this article?

Fourth, exchange learning results.

1. Teacher's guidance

(1) Who dares to practice? For example, the teacher introduced Madame Curie.

(2) What kind of person is a "dreamer"?

(3) What does "selfless dedication" mean? Talk about your understanding in combination with the content of the text or the surrounding reality.

2. Simple communication, focusing on the third question.

Fifth, read the text with emotion.

Sixth, the teacher summarizes.

On July 1937, Madame Curie died of illness. She eventually died of pernicious anemia. She created and developed radiation science all her life, studied strongly radioactive materials fearlessly for a long time, and finally contributed her life to this science. During her lifetime, she won 10 famous awards including the Nobel Prize, and 16 medals awarded by international advanced academic institutions. Governments and scientific research institutions around the world have awarded more than 100 awards. But as always, she is modest and prudent. Einstein, a great scientist, commented: "Among all the celebrities I know, Madame Curie is the only one who has not been overwhelmed by fame."