In ancient times, "those doctors" were called imperial doctors?

The ancestor of acupuncture-the same leader of all ethnic groups in the Central Plains in the legend of the Yellow Emperor. The existing Neijing is a book on medicine with the help of Huangdi, Qi Bo and Lei Gong. This book records and discusses acupuncture in great detail. An advocate of pulse science, he was born in Zheng (now Renqiu, Hebei Province) in Bohai County during the Warring States Period. The prince's body died and he came back to life; He didn't get sick, but he knew he couldn't stand the next five days, so he became famous all over the world. Historical Records and Warring States Policy praised him as an advocate of pulse science. The ancestor of surgery-Hua Tuo, also known as Fu, was born in the late Han Dynasty (now Bozhou, Anhui). He is especially good at surgery. For diseases such as "gastrointestinal stagnation", he will get drunk after drinking Mafengsan, wash his intestines, sew abdominal ointment and have abdominal surgery. Zhang Zhongjing, a medical sage, was born in Nanyang County (now Nanyang, Henan Province) at the end of Han Dynasty. According to legend, he was a magistrate in Changsha. At that time, typhoid fever was prevalent and many people died. His book Treatise on Febrile Diseases summed up the clinical experience of the Han Dynasty for more than 300 years and made great contributions to the development of Chinese medicine. The advocate of preventive medicine-the biography of Ge Hongzi, whose real name is Bao Puzi, was born in Jurong, Danyang, Jin Dynasty (now Jiangsu). He is the author of Elbow Backup Emergency Prescription, which records the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of some infectious diseases such as smallpox and scrub typhus for the first time. Tinea in Heaven is the earliest record of smallpox in the world. The King of Medicine, a native of Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province) in the Tang Dynasty in Sun Simiao, once cured the headache of Emperor Taizong, and the court wanted to keep him as a physician. He lied that he would take the "elixir of life" for the emperor and sneaked away. The people who watched him lied and fell to death while collecting medicine, and Taizong named him the king of medicine. Qian Yi, the ancestor of pediatrics, was born in Yunzhou (now Dongping, Shandong) in the Northern Song Dynasty. Based on the pathological theory of zang-fu organs, the book "Pediatric Medical Syndrome Treatment of Juejue" has made a systematic example of syndrome differentiation and treatment according to its deficiency, excess, cold and heat. The originator of forensic medicine-Song Ci from Fujian in Song Dynasty. Injustice Collection is the earliest forensic literature in the world. Li Shizhen, a medical sage, was born in Qichou (now Qichun, Hubei) in the Ming Dynasty. Collecting herbs in the mountains for a long time and going deep into the people. After 27 years' efforts, I have written Compendium of Materia Medica, which contains 1758 kinds of drugs. Janice Zi Moon Hee, editor-in-chief of Jin Jian of Medical Zong, was born in Shexian County, Anhui Province in the Qing Dynasty. Sentenced by Thai hospital. Jin Jian of Medical Zong is a comprehensive medical work authorized by the imperial government in Qing Dynasty, with a total of 90 volumes. It is the most complete and concise comprehensive medical work of traditional Chinese medicine in China. Bian Que, whose real name is Dr. Lu. According to research, he was born in the 19th year of Wei Liezhou (407 BC) and died in the 5th year of Yunwang (3 10 BC). Why is he called "Bian Que"? This is his nickname. The origin of the nickname may be related to the saying that "Lingque is auspicious" in Bird's Tale. Because doctors treat patients and save lives, they bring them happiness wherever they go, just like flying magpies, they bring them good news wherever they fly. Therefore, the ancients used to call those doctors with superb medical skills Bian Que. In the long-term medical practice, Qin Yueren studied hard, summed up the experience of his predecessors and made bold innovations to become a knowledgeable and skilled doctor. He traveled all over the country and sincerely relieved the people's pain, which was widely respected and welcomed by the people. Therefore, people also addressed him as Bian Que. Bian Que is good at using four diagnostic methods, especially pulse and observation, to diagnose diseases. Zhang Zhongjing and Chen Jiamo in Ming Dynasty praised Zhang Zhongjing and his Treatise on Febrile Diseases by quoting the poems of Tu Zan, a famous doctor in previous dynasties. Zhang Zhongjing, a famous machine, is said to have been a magistrate in Changsha, so he is called Zhang Changsha. Nie Yang, Nanyang County (now Nanyang County, Henan Province), was born in the first year of Heping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 150) and died in the 24th year of Jian 'an (A.D. 2 19), and lived for about 70 years. Treatise on Febrile Diseases is the earliest monograph on clinical diagnosis and treatment in China. This paper systematically analyzes the etiology, symptoms, development stages and treatment methods of typhoid fever, creatively establishes the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment of typhoid fever according to the classification of six meridians, and lays the theoretical foundation of principle, method, prescription and medicine. There are more than 300 prescriptions selected in the book, and the compatibility of these prescriptions is relatively refined and the indications are clear. Such as Mahuang Decoction, Guizhi Decoction, Chaihu Decoction, Baihu Decoction, Qinglong Decoction, Maxingshi Dry Decoction, etc. After thousands of years of clinical practice, these famous prescriptions have been proved to have high curative effect, which has provided a foundation for the development of TCM prescription science. Later, many prescriptions were developed from this. The famous doctor Hua Tuo read this book and praised it: "This is a real living book." . Yu praised Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases, saying that "it is the ancestor of many parties." . "Like the brilliance of the sun and the moon, once it reaches Fudan, it will be immortal" (China Medical Records Examination). There are many works of annotation and explanation on this book in past dynasties. In particular, there are as many as 300 or 400 books that annotate and expound Treatise on Febrile Diseases. Its influence goes far beyond national boundaries and has a great influence on Asian countries, such as Japan, North Korea, Vietnam and Mongolia. Japan, in particular, once had an ancient school specializing in Zhang Zhongjing. Until today, the Japanese traditional Chinese medicine community still likes to use Zhang Zhongjing's prescription. Among the proprietary Chinese medicines (leaching agents) produced by some famous Japanese pharmaceutical factories, such as Kotaro, Uchida, Shengjitang, etc., typhoid prescriptions generally account for more than 60% (some of which are obviously the evolution of typhoid prescriptions). It can be seen that Treatise on Febrile Diseases has a far-reaching influence in the field of Japanese traditional Chinese medicine and even in the world. Hua Tuo was born in Bo Guoqiao (now Bo County, Anhui Province). According to research, he was born in the first year of Yongjia (A.D. 145) and died in the 13th year of Jian 'an (A.D. 208). This study is very suspicious. Because "The Biography of Hua Tuo in the Later Han Dynasty" records that Hua Tuo is "a hundred years old and still healthy, and people think that he will not die". According to this calculation, Hua Tuo may have lived over sixty-four. Hua Tuo lived in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the early Three Kingdoms. At that time, warlords scuffled, floods and droughts raged, epidemics prevailed, and people were in dire straits. At that time, the famous poet RoyceWong wrote two sentences in his Seven Wounded Poems: "When you go out, you can't see anything, and your bones are flat." . This is a true portrayal of the social situation at that time. Seeing this situation, Hua Tuo hated the vicious feudal strongmen and sympathized with the oppressed and exploited working people. To this end, he refused to be an official, preferring to defend the golden hoop and run around to relieve the people's suffering. When Huangfu Mi mentions Huangfu Mi, people may immediately think of the Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B compiled by him. In fact, in addition to this, he also compiled a hundred years of emperors, a biography of Gao Shi, a biography of Yi Shi, a biography of women, and a collection of Mr. Yan Yuan. He devoted his life to writing. It is famous in medicine and literature history. Huangfu Mi, whose young name is Jing, whose word is Shi 'an, is Mr. Xuanyan. Anding Chaona (now Chaona Town, Lingtai County, Gansu Province). Born in the twentieth year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 2 15), he died in the third year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 282) and lived to be sixty-eight. Ge Hong Ge Hong was born in Jurong County, Danyang (now Jurong County, Jiangsu). Born in the fourth year of Taikang in Jin Dynasty (AD 283), he died in the first year of Xingning in Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 363). In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Luofu Mountain, Guangdong Province, where he collected herbs and wrote books until his death. In the Ming Dynasty, Chen Jiamo quoted a poem from "Praise of Famous Doctors in Past Dynasties" in the Compendium of Materia Medica to sum up his life: "Being trapped in the Louvre, you can swim and guide it, and the world is called a fairy, and your elbow can pass." But this only shows his side of alchemy and medicine collection and seeking immortality in seclusion. And the other side of him was ignored. In fact, he was a famous scientist in ancient times. He has made many important discoveries and creations in medicine and medicinal chemistry, and also has many outstanding opinions in literature. His works, about 530 volumes. However, most of them have been scattered, and the main ones that have been passed down to this day are Bao Puzi and the elbow. Bao Puzi is a comprehensive work, which is divided into 20 volumes and 50 volumes. The inner chapter is about fairy prescriptions, ghost changes, health preservation, evil treatment and other things, belonging to Taoist works. But some of them, such as Then, Fairy Medicine and Huangbai, are masterpieces summarizing China's ancient alchemy. Foreign articles talk about people's gains and losses, the quality of the world and so on. Among them, Shi Jun, Shang Bo and Ci Fu are famous literary works. The prescription of saving the pawn after elbow, referred to as "elbow after elbow", is a simple and useful prescription compiled by him in Guangdong. Most of the prescriptions collected are effective, easy to collect and cheap. Moreover, the article is not big, so it can be hung behind the elbow (today's pocket edition) and can be used for first aid at any time, even in mountain villages and on trips where doctors and medicines are few. Therefore, all generations have been welcomed by the broad masses. According to historical records, Ge Hong's medical works include Synopsis of the Golden Chamber 100, Fairy Food Prescription 10, Fairy Food Prescription 4 and Jade Letter Decoction 5. Sun Simiao, Sun Simiao, Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province) was born. Born in the first year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (58 1 year), died in the first year of Tang Yongchun (682) and lived to 102 (some people lived to 14 1 year). People regard him as a "fairy" and respectfully call him a "drug king". Prescription of Pediatric Syndrome written by Yi, the first famous pediatrician in Chinese medical history, is the first extant monograph on pediatrics in China. The dialectical treatment of children was systematically summarized for the first time, which made pediatrics develop into an independent discipline. Later generations regarded it as a classic of pediatrics, and regarded Qian Yi as "the sage of pediatrics" and "the originator of pediatrics". Qian Yi, the word Zhongyang. His ancestral home was Qiantang, Zhejiang, and his grandfather moved north, so he was born in Yunzhou, Dongping (now Yuncheng County, Shandong Province). Born in the first year of Ming Dow in the Song Dynasty (A.D. 1032), he died in Zhenghe three years (A.D.113). Qian Yi's life, the most prominent place in academic research, is "forty years of undivided attention". Among Zhu Zhenheng's four masters in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Zhu Zhenheng published it the latest. He studied Confucianism first and then changed to medicine. On the basis of studying and studying classic works such as Nan Jing, he visited famous doctors all over the world and passed them on to his eldest son under the guidance of Empress Liu, becoming a generation of famous doctors. Zhu Zhenheng believes that the three schools have no methods to nourish yin except purging fire, attacking evil spirits, tonifying middle energizer and benefiting qi. Advocating the theory that "yang is always abundant and yin is often insufficient", affirming the importance of yin and human essence, he was called the founder of "Ziyin School" by later generations. Clinical treatment is as effective as drumming, and there are many cases where the more you take medicine, the less you need to return to the clinic, so people call it "Zhu Yi Tie". He was the most famous doctor in Yuan Dynasty, with many disciples and widely circulated prescriptions. Zhu Zhenheng, Zi Yanxiu (1281-1358), died at the age of 78. Li Shizhen and Li Shizhen, whose real names are Dongbi and Linhu, are from Qichun County, Hubei Province. He was born in the 13th year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 15 18) and died in the 21st year of Wanli in Zongshen (A.D. 1593). His family has been doctors for generations, and his grandfather is "Dr. Bell". My father's name is yuechi county, and he is a famous local doctor. At that time, the status of folk doctors was very low. The Li family is often bullied by officials and gentry. Therefore, the father decided to let his second son, Li Shizhen, go to school and take exams, so that he could succeed once and get ahead. Li Shizhen was sickly since childhood, but his personality was straightforward and pure, and he couldn't learn those empty and boring eight-part essays at all. Nine years after he became a scholar at the age of fourteen, he went to Wuchang to take an examination of three people, all of whom came last. So, he gave up his plan to be an official in the imperial examination and concentrated on studying medicine, so he begged his father to say, "I'm 23 years old and I'm always failing the exam." You'd better let me study medicine! " And expressed such a determination: "If you swim against the current, your heart is stronger than a stone. I hope that my father will aim high and not be afraid of difficulties until he dies. " Li Yuechi finally woke up in front of the cold facts, agreed to his son's request and taught him carefully. In a few years, Li Shizhen really became a famous doctor. At the age of 38, he was summoned by the King of Chu in Wuchang, and was appointed as the "temple official" of Wang Fu, and was also in charge of the affairs of the Doctor's Office. Three years later, he was recommended by his wife's hospital to go to Beijing for sentencing. Thai Hospital is a medical institution specially serving the imperial court. It was done by some quacks at that time. After only one year in office, Li resigned and returned to his hometown. Ye, Ye, whose real name is Gui, is called the old man. A native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, was born in the fifth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (A.D. 1666) and died in the tenth year of Qianlong (A.D. 1745). Ye Shi Tian abides by the old adage that "a threesome must have a teacher". No matter who is better than himself, you should learn from him. In this way, his teachers have elders, peers, patients and even monks. When he heard that someone was good at treating diseases, he went there happily and didn't leave until he finished his studies. It's only six years from twelve to eighteen. Besides studying at home, he has consulted seventeen famous doctors. Ye's humility and "profound knowledge" are really admirable:

Brief introduction of ancient famous doctors in China