Efficacy and function of rhubarb

(2) cholagogic effect. Giving rhubarb decoction to the duodenum of anesthetized dogs can increase bile secretion and reduce the tension of Oddi sphincter. In anesthetized rats, the secretion of bile and pancreatic juice increased within 30 minutes, while the activity of pancreatic amylase decreased. Rhubarb can not only promote bile secretion, but also increase the content of bilirubin and bile acid. When people take rhubarb decoction 15g, the gallbladder is obviously enlarged (measured by B-ultrasound). This is consistent with the results of animal experiments.

③ Protecting the liver. Rhubarb has obvious protective effect on experimental liver injury. The liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in SGPT mice increased as high as 616.0 u100 ml, while that in normal control group was 289U/100ml. After rhubarb treatment, SGPT decreased to 325.3U/ 100ml, and the degree of hepatocyte necrosis and degeneration was lighter than that of the control group. Further study found that rhubarb could significantly reverse the fatty infiltration and fibrosis of liver tissue, microsome swelling, crista decline and ribosome damage caused by carbon tetrachloride. In addition, it can also restore the decrease of monoamine oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase activities caused by carbon tetrachloride. It shows that rhubarb has preventive and therapeutic effects on liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride. In vitro experiments showed that rhubarb decoction had obvious inhibitory effect on hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg), and the effect was weakened or disappeared after tannin removal. At the same time, it was also proved that rhein and emodin had no inhibitory effect on HBsAg.

(4) Anti-gastric and duodenal ulcer. Two experimental gastric ulcer models, stress and pyloric ligation, were used in rats. It is observed that raw rhubarb, rhubarb stewed with wine and rhubarb charcoal can prevent and treat stress gastric ulcer bleeding. It can obviously reduce the bleeding area and the number of bleeding foci, and the effect is similar to that of cimetidine. After feeding rhubarb powder suspension to rats with pyloric ligation gastric ulcer, the ulcer area can be reduced, and the amount of gastric juice, free acid in gastric juice and pepsin activity can be reduced, but rhubarb stewed with wine has no such effect. The model experiment of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury showed that rhubarb decoction 1g/kg, 0.5g/kg and 0.25g/kg had obvious protective effects on gastric mucosa, and could also increase the content of prostaglandin E2(PGE 2) in gastric wall, thus preventing ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury.

(5) Effect on intestinal smooth muscle. Electrophysiological studies show that rhubarb has obvious excitatory effect on colonic electrical activity, which is characterized by cluster discharge, and the peak frequency, amplitude and contraction activity are obviously increased. Atropine can block the exciting effect of rhubarb on colon. Prevent the colon from absorbing water, accelerate the discharge of dissolved substances in the colon, and play its purgative role. It is suggested that the purgative effect of rhubarb is exerted through intestinal M receptor.

Effects on pathogenic microorganisms.

(1) antibacterial. Rhubarb has a broad antibacterial spectrum. Sensitive bacteria are staphylococcus (white, lemon and golden yellow), hemolytic streptococcus (type A and type B), Mycobacterium phlei, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli, Mycobacterium hominis, diplococcus gonorrhoeae, echinococcosis and Bacillus anthracis, especially staphylococcus and diplococcus gonorrhoeae. Among the antibacterial active ingredients, rhein, emodin and aloe-emodin have the strongest antibacterial effects. Rhubarb has inhibitory effect on Bacteroides fragilis, a kind of intestinal anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroides fragilis can decompose complex bile acids into free bile acids, thus enhancing the stimulation to mucosa and leading to cholecystitis. The mechanism of antibacterial action is mainly to inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell nucleic acid and egg white and sugar metabolism.

② Antifungal. Rhubarb decoction and its water, alcohol and ether extracts have inhibitory effects on some pathogenic fungi in vitro. It is highly sensitive to broad bean varieties, Trichophyton concentric, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton purpurea, Microsporum ferruginosum, Trichophyton giganteum, Trichophyton floccosum and Trichophyton interphalangeal in Xu Lan and Mongolia. Dilute alcohol extract is more effective than water or ether extract.

3 antivirus. Rhubarb decoction has a strong inhibitory effect on influenza virus. The minimum effective dose determined by chicken embryo semi-in-vivo screening method is 5 mg/embryo. In addition, it also has a certain inhibitory effect on Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas hominis and Trichomonas vaginalis.

Antitumor effect.

Intraperitoneal injection of rhein and emodin has a strong inhibitory effect on melanoma in mice. Rhein also has an inhibitory effect on Ehrlich ascites cancer, but it has no obvious effect on sarcoma S 180 and subcutaneous Ehrlich cancer. Emodin also has an inhibitory effect on breast cancer, and its mechanism is mainly to inhibit the oxidation and dehydrogenation of cancer cells. Rhein can also inhibit the glycolysis of cancer cells.

Anti-inflammatory effect.

Rhubarb has obvious inhibitory effect on experimental inflammation in many animals. Oral rhubarb decoction in mice can significantly inhibit acute exudative inflammation of mouse auricle caused by croton oil. At the same time, it can inhibit the edema of rats' paw and the proliferation of cotton ball granuloma in mice and rats caused by formaldehyde. The effect of wine stewing rhubarb and rhubarb charcoal is weak, which may be due to the loss of effective components by wine stewing and the destruction of effective components by rhubarb charcoal. The anti-inflammatory effect of rhubarb may be that cyclooxygenase pathway in arachidonic acid metabolism pathway is blocked, which increases the production of hydroxyarachidonic acid and activates lipase pathway to achieve anti-inflammatory effect. Experimental research shows that the anti-inflammatory effect of rhubarb is not exerted through pituitary-adrenal system, because adrenalectomy does not affect its anti-inflammatory effect, on the contrary, it does not reduce the content of ascorbic acid in adrenal gland, and rhubarb decoction can not prolong the survival time of underage rats after adrenalectomy and prevent compensatory hypertrophy of contralateral adrenal gland after adrenalectomy. Therefore, rhubarb has no adrenocortical hormone-like effect.

Effect on microcirculation.

After the ethanol extract of rhubarb was given to mice, it had no obvious effect on the auricular microcirculation (the diameter of arteries and veins), but it could slow down the blood flow and appear granular red fine cell aggregates, especially in venules. Local drip can not change the mesenteric microvascular contraction caused by adrenaline, and gastric arterioles and venules have no obvious expansion, but there is obvious particle flow, especially venules. The effects of rhubarb on microcirculation are mainly slow blood flow, red blood cell aggregation, local blood viscosity increase and local blood vessels do not dilate, so the local hemostasis process is strengthened.

Hemostatic effect.

Rhubarb has been used to stop bleeding for a long time, especially in recent years. Various animal experiments have proved that rhubarb can obviously shorten the bleeding and coagulation time, and its hemostatic effective components are chrysophanol, emodin methyl ether, α -catechuic acid and gallic acid. They reduce the permeability of blood vessels, improve brittleness, excite local blood vessels in gastrointestinal tract, inhibit the activity of pepsin, significantly increase the activity of fibrinogen, decrease the activity of anticoagulant factor III, increase the content of α2 macroglobulin, and competitively inhibit the activities of plasmin and plasminogen activator. Gallic acid can also reduce fibrinolytic activity. In addition, it can also increase the adhesion and aggregation ability of platelets and obviously shorten the bleeding and coagulation time.

Hypolipidemic effect.

For experimental hypercholesterolemia, rhubarb alcohol or water extract can obviously reduce serum total cholesterol, but petroleum ether extract is ineffective.

Diuretic action.

After oral administration of emodin and rhein 30mg/kg for 2-4 hours, the urine volume, sodium excretion and potassium excretion reached the peak, which was significantly higher than that of the control group. Aloe emodin and chrysophanol have weak effects. Cinnamon, rhein and aloe-emodin have strong competitive inhibitory effects on Na+ and K+-ATPase in renal medulla.

Effect on urea nitrogen.

Rats were fed with 0.75% glandular hum feed to establish chronic renal insufficiency model, and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline solution of duck yellow water extract could significantly reduce the amount of nitrogen and creatinine in hematuria, indicating that rhubarb has a good therapeutic effect on azotemia. On the one hand, rhubarb can reduce amino nitrogen absorbed by intestine, on the other hand, it can inhibit the decomposition of protein, thus reducing the contents of urea nitrogen and creatinine in blood. Acute toxic nephritis in guinea pigs was induced by subcutaneous injection of mercuric dichloride, and urea nitrogen could be reduced by gavage with rhubarb water immersion agent.

Medicinal value of rhubarb

Stagnant constipation. This product has a strong purgative effect, can clear the stomach, bring forth the old and bring forth the new, and is an important drug for treating constipation. Because it is bitter and cold, it is good at releasing heat, so constipation due to excess heat is especially suitable. It is often combined with Glauber's salt, Magnolia Officinalis and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus to enhance the accumulation of diarrhea. It is an emergency cathartic, which is used to treat Yangming fu-organ syndrome, such as Dachengqi Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases). If the dosage of rhubarb is light, and it is used together with intestine-moistening drugs such as hemp seed, almond and honey, the diarrhea will be alleviated, such as Maziren Pill (Treatise on Febrile Diseases). If the internal heat syndrome is accompanied by qi deficiency, it should be combined with tonics to treat both the symptoms and root causes. Such as heat stagnation, deficiency of qi and blood, use ginseng, angelica and other drugs, such as Huang Longtang (six books on typhoid fever); For patients with stagnation of body fluid caused by heat, Ophiopogon japonicus, Radix Rehmanniae and Radix Scrophulariae can be used. The decoction of increasing fluid and bearing qi can be used (on febrile diseases); For constipation due to deficiency of spleen yang and cold accumulation, it should be combined with Fuzi and Ganjiang, such as Wenpi Decoction (Qianjinfang).

Vomiting due to blood heat, red eyes and swollen throat. This taste is bitter and purgative, which can release the fire of inflammation, and has the functions of clearing away heat and purging fire, cooling blood and stopping bleeding. It is often combined with Coptidis Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix to treat hematemesis, epistaxis and hemoptysis caused by blood heat, such as Xiexin Decoction (Synopsis of Golden Chamber). In modern clinic, rhubarb powder alone is effective in treating upper gastrointestinal bleeding. If it is used together with herbs such as Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Gardenia, it can also treat symptoms such as red eyes, sore throat and swollen gums caused by fire evil, such as Geliang Powder (and the prescription of Heji Bureau).

Heat toxic ulcer, burn and scald. This product can be used for both internal and external use. Oral administration can clear heat and detoxify, and with its purgative effect, it can expel heat toxin. For heat-toxic carbuncle, it is often combined with honeysuckle, dandelion and forsythia. For abdominal pain due to intestinal carbuncle, it can be combined with Cortex Moutan, Semen Persicae and Natrii Sulfas, for example, Dahuang Shaoyao Decoction from Synopsis of Golden Chamber. For external use, this product can purge fire and detoxify, cool blood and reduce swelling, and treat heat toxic carbuncle and furuncle. If it is used to treat breast furuncle, it can be studied together with powder grass and boiled together with wine to make paste (a good prescription for women); In order to treat aphtha erosion, dry alum is usually used to wipe the affected area (Sheng Huifang). For the treatment of burns and scalds, powder can be used alone or mixed with Sanguisorba officinalis powder, and sesame oil can be applied to the affected area.

Blood stasis syndrome. This product has good effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, dredging channels and collaterals, which can not only remove blood stasis, but also clear blood stasis and clear heat. It is a commonly used drug for treating blood stasis syndrome. For women with postpartum abdominal pain and lochia, it is often used with peach kernel and Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, as follows: Huayu Decoction (synopsis of the golden chamber); For female amenorrhea due to blood stasis, it can be combined with Taohe and Guizhi, such as Taohe Chengqi Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases); For traumatic injury, blood stasis, swelling and pain, it is often used with angelica, safflower and pangolin, such as Fuyuan Huoxue decoction (medical invention).

Damp-heat dysentery, jaundice, stranguria. This product has the function of catharsis and catharsis, so it can be used to treat damp-heat accumulation. Treating dysentery with damp-heat accumulation, rhubarb alone is effective (Su Wen Pathogenesis Qi Yi Bao), or it is used equally with Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and Radix Paeoniae Alba; For damp-heat jaundice, it is often combined with Yinchen and Gardenia, such as Yinchen Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases); For damp-heat stranguria, Akebia stem, Plantago seed, Gardenia, etc. Often used in combination, such as Bazhengsan (Hejifang).

In addition, rhubarb can "break phlegm", dredge viscera and reduce dampness and turbidity. It is used for elderly patients with phlegm obstruction, dyspnea and constipation, such as Hushi Guntan Pill (the main theory of health care).

(1) Compatibility and application

Use mirabilite, mirabilite salty cold, soft and firm, moisten dryness, laxative. The two must be used together, and the power of attack has increased. For example, Materia Medica Chongyuan is used with mirabilite, so it is hot in the upper body, and it regulates its intestines and stomach to drain water.

Combined with Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, bitter cold, pungent and cool, and two drugs, antidiarrheal and qi circulation complement each other. Diarrhea helps circulation of qi, and circulation of qi helps diarrhea. For example, it is said in the Collection of Medical Prescriptions: "Use rhubarb to remove excess heat, and there is no way to remove it."

Together with Magnolia Officinalis, it is hard and warm, promoting qi circulation to relieve depression, and warming the middle and eliminating dampness. It is feasible to use it to relax the stomach, so that the middle jiao can relax the stomach, diarrhea and digestion.

Radix Aconiti lateralis Preparata and Radix Aconiti lateralis Preparata are used to warm and help yang, and the two drugs are combined, rhubarb is used to relieve diarrhea, and radix Aconiti lateralis Preparata is used to dispel cold, which can warm the middle and dispel cold.

With cinnamon, cinnamon is pungent, beneficial to fire and yin, dispelling cold and relieving pain, warming and tonifying kidney-yang, the two drugs are combined, cold and heat are combined, and the nature is peaceful, supporting yang and relaxing bowels. For example, "Experience in Western Medicine" said: "The medicine for calming the liver is cinnamon, and the liver belongs to wood. When wood is cinnamon, it will dry, but if it is used alone, it will lose heat. The medicine for lowering stomach and stopping bleeding is rhubarb, which is neither retrograde nor retrograde. But if used alone, it will be lost due to cold, and the two drugs are used together. The combination of cold and heat is natural and peaceful, and the stomach is healthy. "

The combination of the two drugs can prevent insect cold, break the hard mass and disperse blood stasis, heal and stop pain, break the dead blood, and take the effect of "opening and closing it, and insects can move its blood stasis". The combination of rhubarb and insecticidal comes from rhubarb and insecticidal pills in synopsis of the golden chamber.

Combined with Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Rehmanniae is sweet and cold, which can clear and moisten the main body, cool blood and produce fluid. The combination of the two drugs can treat vomiting caused by heartburn, rising of qi and fire and blood stasis. Can collect fire and reduce blood, can increase water and sail.

Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., supplemented with cola, can harmonize the properties of drugs. The combination of the two drugs can strengthen its advantages and eliminate its disadvantages. "Wang's Medical Collection": "rhubarb and licorice can be used together to facilitate urination."

The peony bark tastes bitter and slightly cold, and it enters the blood, which has the functions of clearing heat and cooling blood, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Pairing with each other, with sincerity and suffering, complement each other, and have the effect of clearing away pathogenic fire and removing blood stasis.

Paired with peach kernel, peach kernel is bitter, sweet and flat, and its nature is soft and moist. It is the product of dividing blood, and it is best at breaking blood and removing blood stasis, and it can also moisten dryness and smooth intestines. The compatibility of the two drugs is both rigid and flexible. Rhubarb is specially used to treat blood, break blood stasis and reduce blood stasis and heat, and peach kernel gets rhubarb, which is specially used to treat qi, moisten intestines and relieve stagnation. It can be used for the treatment of postpartum lumbago, Taiyang Yangming blood stasis syndrome, painful amenorrhea, etc.

With red peony, red peony can enter the camp, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. They are United. Radix et Rhizoma Rhei gets Radix Paeoniae Rubra straight into the blood, which breaks the stagnation in the blood, while Radix Paeoniae Rubra gets Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, which has great power in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and plays the role of purging heat and removing blood stasis, harmonizing nutrition and relieving pain. For example, Du Ming Pill in Shen Ming Fang takes two drugs, which are mainly used to treat the symptoms of "chronic illness, abdominal accumulation, constipation, chest tightness, abdominal distension and poor diet".

② prescription preparation

Dachengqi Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases): This product, Magnolia Officinalis, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Natrii Sulfas. Indications: yin is bright and heat is stagnant, and it is swollen and dry.

Xiaochengqi Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases): This product, Magnolia Officinalis and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus. Indications: Yangming accumulated heat lightly. Those who are full of facts but not dry.

Tiaowei Chengqi Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases) is mainly used to treat Yangming's heat depression, dryness but not satiety.

Dahuang Pill (Summary of Shengji): This product, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Coptidis Rhizoma, Angelica sinensis, Poria, Radix Astragali, Rehmanniae Radix, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Bupleuri Radix and Gardenia Fructus. Treat fatigue, bone steaming, mental irritability, defecation difficulty and limb pain.

Dahuang Gansui Decoction (synopsis of the golden chamber): this product, Gansui, Ejiao. Indications: Postpartum hydrocephalus in blood cavity, full abdomen, slightly difficult urination, and no thirst.

Rhubarb angelica powder (Zhang Yitong): This product, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Carthamus tinctorius, Sappan, Angelica sinensis, Gardenia, Equisetum equisetum. Indications: swelling of eye cells, blood stasis and progressive development of pannus.

Dahuang Mudan Decoction (Synopsis of the Golden Chamber): This product, peony bark, peach kernel, melon seeds and mirabilite are mainly used to treat abscess and pus, less swelling of the abdominal cavity, pressing pain, such as stranguria, spontaneous urination, fever, spontaneous sweating, aversion to cold and delayed pulse.

Dahuang Fuzi decoction (synopsis of the golden chamber): this product, aconite, asarum. Indications: cold in the internal knot is the truth. Abdominal pain, constipation, hypochondriac pain, hand and foot syncope, etc.

Daxianxiong decoction (treatise on febrile diseases) rhubarb, mirabilite and kansui. The indication is thoracic knot syndrome. Deep down, at least the abdomen is hard and full, and the pain is not tight, constipation is knotted, hot flashes rarely appear in daily feeding, and shortness of breath is dry and annoying.

Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases): This product, Huanglian. Treat pathogenic heat depression, heart distension, press it, and its pulse rises. And excessive heart fire, vomiting blood and epistaxis.

Dahuangjuchong Pill (Synopsis of the Golden Chamber): This product, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Peach Kernel, Snake Insect, White grub, Peony, Radix Rehmanniae, Dry Lacquer, Leech and Scarab. Indications: mental fatigue, abdominal distension, inability to eat or drink, internal bleeding, incorrect nails and blurred eyes.

Dahuang Xiere Decoction (a secret recipe of foreign Taiwan): this product, Alisma orientalis, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Gardenia, Natrii Sulfas, Cinnamomum cassia, Jujube, Gypsum Fibrosum, and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata. Treat heart fatigue, sore mouth and tongue, full of pain in the heart, etc.

Dahuang Nitrate Decoction (synopsis of the Golden Chamber): This product, Cortex Phellodendri, Nitrate and Gardenia. Treating jaundice and diarrhea, it is inconvenient to be short and red, and the appearance is different.

Jinhuangsan (surgical essence) Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Curcuma Rhizome, Trichosanthis Radix, Cortex Phellodendri, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Cortex Magnolia Officinalis, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, Glycyrrhrizae Radix, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Rhizoma Arisaematis. Indications: external carbuncle swelling and pain, phlegm-dampness inflow, erysipelas of lower limbs, pemphigus, mammary abscess, etc. Apply with green tea; Swelling headless, apply vinegar or onion wine; Several times a day, the right amount.

Qingning Pill (Chinese patent medicine in national formulary): this product, mung bean, plantain, Atractylodes macrocephala, Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparata, black bean, Rhizoma Cyperi, Ramulus Mori, Fructus Sophorae, Cortex Magnolia Officinalis, Fructus Hordei vulgaris, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae and Scutellariae Radix. Indications: accumulation of heat in viscera, sore throat, sore mouth and tongue, red eyes and swelling, dizziness, tinnitus and constipation. Take 1 capsule every day; Twice a day. Each pill weighs 9 grams.

Dahuang compound

The syndrome of treating typhoid fever and Yangming fu-organs can be seen in yang pathogen entering the interior, dry bowel movements, abdominal pain, delirium, hot flashes, sweating on hands and feet, aversion to cold and dryness. Take this soup as follows: four ounces of rhubarb (washed with wine), half a catty of magnolia officinalis (baked and peeled), and immature bitter orange (baked). Four flavors, a bucket of water, first boil two things, take two liters, remove me, take rhubarb, boil two liters, remove me, take mirabilite, boil it once or twice with low fire, then take it at different temperatures, and don't take the rest. ("Treatise on Febrile Diseases" Dachengqi Decoction)

Treatment of constipation: two taels of rhubarb and five cents of morning glory. A fine after each serve, San Qian. If you have a cold and faint, use wine to adjust San Qian. If you don't have a cold and faint, and your hands and feet are hot, adjust the honey soup and make a small profit after eating it. (Rhubarb Petunia Pill in Su Wen Pathogenesis and Life-saving Collection)

Treating Huang Zhi mania with fever: Sichuan rhubarb five grains (filed and slightly fried). Pulverize the pineapple into powder and fry it in five liters of snow water in the twelfth lunar month. Take the clothes with half a spoonful of cold water in several times. ("Sheng Huifang" snow soup)

Chronic diarrhea, thick purulent blood, internal urgency followed by heavy, excessive day and night. Those who have not been cured for a long time: one or two rhubarb, two large glasses of good wine, soaked for half a day, and then fried for one and a half cups. When rhubarb is removed, the wine is divided into two parts and taken immediately to stop diarrhea. If you don't stop taking it once, please take it again, take the peony soup and stop taking it, and then take the Qin Huang soup and stop taking it, so as to completely eliminate its toxicity. ("Su Wen Pathogenesis and Life-saving Collection" Dahuang Decoction)

Treating women's menstrual blood obstruction, leukorrhagia, metrorrhagia, intestinal wind bleeding, stranguria, postpartum hemorrhage, abdominal pain, men's five-strain-seven injuries, and children's bone steaming hot flashes, the effect is quick: one catty of rhubarb is divided into four parts; A child urinates in a bowl, and the salt is two yuan. Soak for a day before cutting. One is soaked in a bowl of alcohol for a day, cut dry, and then 35 croton kernels are fried together, bean yellow, no need; One is four or two safflower, which is soaked in a bowl of water for one day, cut into sections and dried; One is four Liang Danggui, and the other is a bowl of light vinegar. Soak it for a day and put it back in the sun for cutting. Finally, honey pills are very big, take 50 pills each time, take them under hollow warm wine, and remove evil things for inspection. Take it before you get off the bus. (Wuji Pill, Medical Forest Collection)

Treat postpartum blood rushing to the heart, or fetal membrane retention, abdominal blood clots, etc. : One or two rhubarb with brocade pattern, pestle as the end, half a liter of vinegar at the head, mixed into paste, pills as big as buttonwood, five pills with warm vinegar for a long time. It also treats internal injuries caused by falling horses. (Fang

For a long time, I have suffered from abdominal accumulation, constipation, shortness of breath, abdominal fullness and unfavorable diet: rhubarb and peony. At the end of the second taste, honey pills, such as four pills of buttonwood, on the third day, I don't know, you can add six or seven pills to know. ("Qian Jinfang" Shen Mingshou Pill)

Those spleen addictions that treat malnutrition in adults and children: Sanhuang Rhubarb, which is very fine powder, two bowls of aged vinegar, is cooked in a casserole with civil fire to make a paste, poured on new bricks, exposed to the sun for three nights, then removed the medicine and ground into fine powder; After that, one or two or three kinds of rhubarb powder mentioned in the previous paragraph are ground into fine powder with one or two sulfur and one or two official powders. Children under ten can weigh half a dollar at a time. After eating, they should lie down and drink soup to adjust their clothes. This medicine should not be washed with cold, meat, fish, chicken or goose. After taking the medicine, take half-moon white rice soft porridge. If one dose does not heal, take another dose after half a month. (Yu Jinsan of Yesterday's Recipe)

Clear away damp-heat of five internal organs. Treatment of dyspepsia, chest pain, dizziness, dry mouth and constipation: rhubarb10kg, cut into small pieces, soaked in swill, covered with cacumen Platycladi, steamed with rhubarb, dried in the sun, soaked in10kg good wine, and then evaporated. In addition, use mulberry leaves, peach leaves, Sophora japonica leaves, barley, black beans and mung beans, and steam the soup every time. After each steaming, it is still steamed with the leaves of Platycladus orientalis, and then steamed. After preparation, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Cortex Magnolia Officinalis, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Rhizoma Cyperi and Herba Plantaginis are used. Steam each decoction as above, dry it in the sun after steaming, and then make it thoroughly with 10 kg of good wine. Honey pills are as big as five pills. One dose is one or two yuan, or they can be dispersed. (Hai Yin Guide Qingning Pill)

Treat headache and high fever for a day or two: cinnamon, licorice, rhubarb and ephedra. Serve the four flavors and sift them. Patients take a bath with hot soup, take a square knife with warm water, sweat on the third day, or facilitate defecation. Ding Qiang people take a square-inch knife. (Qian Jin Fang is soluble in water)

Treating sudden hot pain of eyes and swelling of canthus: rhubarb (filing and frying), bitter orange (removing pulp and frying), peony, gardenia and scutellaria baicalensis (removing black heart). Five-flavor coarse sieve, five yuan each, a cup of half water and stir-fry until medium-cooked. I'll eat lying down after eating. ("Sheng Ji Zong Lu" Dahuang Tang)

Treatment of hematemesis and bleeding due to heart deficiency: two rhubarb, one coptis root and one scutellaria root. Serve three flavors, take three liters of water, boil one liter, and take it immediately. (Xiexin Decoction in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)

Treatment of asthenia and hematemesis: Rehmannia glutinosa juice is half a liter, and Sichuan rhubarb is one inch at the end. At the second taste, the warm rehmannia juice boils, and yellow (finally) is stirred, and it is taken on an empty stomach for three days every day. (Fang

Treatment of intestinal carbuncle, less abdominal swelling, pain when pressing, self-regulation of defecation, fever, spontaneous sweating and aversion to cold from time to time. If the pulse is late and tight, pus can be discharged when there is blood; For those with a rapid pulse, pus has been discharged and cannot be discharged: four taels of rhubarb, one or two peonies, five peaches, half a liter of melon seeds and three grains of mirabilite. Take five flavors, six liters of water, boil one liter, except me, take mirabilite, boil it again, and take it immediately. There is blood if there is pus, and there is blood if there is no pus. (Rhubarb Peony Soup in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)

Treatment of lung arthralgia, nasal sore, swelling and pain: rhubarb (raw), coptis root (bearded) and musk (finely ground). Apply the medicine, mash the Luo into powder, grind the musk evenly, swirl it with oil and apply it to the nose. An almond (soaked in soup, peeled, sharpened and ground into paste) and a rhubarb (raw powder). Mix the ingredients evenly and apply pig fat to your nose. (Sheng Huifang)

Treatment of mammary abscess: Sichuan rhubarb and pink grass each one or two. The above is fine powder, which is boiled into a paste with good wine, poured into a lamp to cool, spread paper on the sore spot, and lay on his back until the fifth watch. Mix (take) a spoonful of warm wine when you paste it, and then remove the evil things tomorrow. Take medicine according to the degree of weakness, and it is not appropriate to take it. ("Women's Recipe" gold powder)

Treatment of carbuncle swelling and vibration can not be touched: rhubarb is mashed and sieved, bitter wine sticks to the swelling, and it is easy to dry, but three, that is, carbuncle disappears and pus disappears. ("Fill the back of the elbow")

Treatment of aphtha erosion: rhubarb, dried alum, etc. Wipe it and spit at the end. (Sheng Huifang)

Huhuodan is red and swollen all over: rhubarb grinds water and brushes frequently. ("Emergency Recipe")

Treating frostbite with broken skin and unbearable pain: Sichuan Dahuang is the end, mixed with fresh water, and applied to frostbite. ("Health Treasure" if God helps)

Side effects of rhubarb

dosage

Oral administration: decoction (for diarrhea, not for a long time), 1-4 yuan; Or into the pill, scattered. External use: grind powder and apply it with water or vinegar.

pay attention to

All symptoms, such as blood deficiency and weak qi, spleen and stomach deficiency and cold, no excess heat, stagnation and blood stasis, and prenatal and postpartum should be used with caution.

Materia Medica Classic Collection: "Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi makes it."

"Theory of Medicinal Properties": "Avoid cold water. Dry paint is not good. "

Materia Medica: "All blood stasis is due to blood dryness, not to accumulated heat; Cold and heat are due to yin deficiency, not blood stasis; Anesthesia is due to spleen and stomach weakness, not stagnation; Constipation is due to blood deficiency and intestinal dryness, not to heat stagnation; Abdominal distension is due to spleen deficiency and qi deficiency, not diet stagnation; Female abdominal pain is less because of Jueyin blood deficiency, not because of menstrual blood stasis; Vomiting and nosebleeds are caused by excessive fire due to yin deficiency, excessive inflammation, rash caused by blood heat and overflowing on the upper orifices, rather than excessive blood heat. The deviation is caused by kidney deficiency and dampness evil taking advantage of deficiency, not by damp-heat excess; " The poison of breast carbuncle is due to the fact that the family gas goes up against the stomach, and the stomach gas goes down against the meat, resulting in carbuncle swelling, not because of the change of plaster beam, but because of the heat of blood accumulation. Therefore, salty taboo, in order to hurt the stomach gas, dead ears. "

Materia Medica: "People with qi deficiency, stomach cold and blood deficiency, pregnancy and postpartum, long illness and the elderly, should not use rhubarb lightly."

Ben Feng Jingyuan: "Deficiency of kidney and qi, gangrene due to yin deficiency, leukorrhagia, etc." , should not be abused. "

Rhubarb should be taken according to syndrome differentiation

Rhubarb also plays an indispensable role in the cultural exchange of Chinese and foreign medicines. On the hump of the Silk Road, there are both the crystal of porcelain and the fragrance of medicinal materials. Rhubarb was transported to West Asia and Europe through the transit of the ancient Persian Empire, and was included in the Pharmacopoeia of many countries. In 757 AD, monks from Jian Zhen went to Japan to spread China culture. Among the medicinal materials they brought were rare rhubarb. According to Zhao Yi's Miscellaneous Notes on the Roof, rhubarb from China was used as medicine in Russia at that time, and the patient had to die. Later, several incidents of breach of contract occurred. "At that time, rhubarb was ordered not to be exported, so Russia did not dare to make trouble." Because rhubarb is rare for a while, people once regarded rhubarb as a fashion. It is not uncommon to abuse rhubarb without syndrome differentiation, regardless of physical condition, illness or death. Yao's Miscellaneous Notes on Bamboo Leaf Pavilion in Qing Dynasty shows that Zhu Ge studied under the skillful Hanlin and cooked soup with rhubarb juice every day. Eat 16 Jin of rhubarb, and you can't afford to have diarrhea. A friend sighed for it: "Big Huang Qiang, Jiuquan should regret knowing the doctor." This is enough to warn future generations that even if the medicine is blindly taken, it will bring unexpected disasters to health and life, which is worth learning from today.

Rhubarb distinguishes between true and false

Rhubarb, also known as General and Huang Liang, is the rhizome of Polygonaceae plant Rhubarb, Rhubarb Tangut or Medicinal Rhubarb. Every year from September to June, 65438+ 10, select plants that have grown for more than 3 years, dig roots, cut off stems and leaves, divide roots, scrape off rough epidermis and terminal buds, air-dry, dry in the sun or slice them for medicine. It is cold in nature and bitter in taste, and has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, resolving hard mass and removing blood stasis. Can be used for treating constipation due to excess heat, delirium, satiety, dysentery, acute diarrhea, blood stasis amenorrhea, abdominal mass, fever, sudden eye pain, hematemesis, epistaxis, yellow yang and edema.

There are many varieties of rhubarb, which can be roughly divided into two categories: Beidahuang and Nanhuang. Beidahuang is the dry rhizome of rhubarb and Tangut rhubarb, mainly Xining rhubarb and spring rhubarb. Nandahuang, also known as Sichuan Dahuang and horseshoe rhubarb, is the dried rhizome of medicinal rhubarb, both of which are included in Pharmacopoeia. There are many counterfeits of rhubarb in the market, which belong to the same family, such as Tibetan rhubarb, Hetao rhubarb, North China rhubarb, Tianshan rhubarb, Xinzhou rhubarb, Huang Tu rhubarb and so on. These varieties are not in the Pharmacopoeia and cannot be used as rhubarb.

Authentic rhubarb:

Most of the rhubarb in Xining is processed into a cone or waist drum shape, commonly known as "eggs are auspicious"; Rhubarb is generally long, cut into segments, and the larger ones are often vertically cut into pieces; Nandahuang is mostly cut into sections and shaped like horseshoes. Rhubarb in Xining is the top grade of rhubarb, with yellow-brown appearance, white diamond-like net texture, commonly known as "brocade pattern", and sometimes chrysanthemum-like spiral "star point"; Hard texture, yellow-brown cross section, granular, commonly known as "sorghum residue", slightly oily, sometimes dark cambium and radial orange rays can be seen near the periphery, and there are purple-brown stars in the pulp, which are closely arranged in a ring, with yellow to brownish red bending lines; It smells a special smell and tastes bitter and astringent. Rhubarb spring water and Rhubarb Nandahuang are loose in texture, lighter in internal color than Rhubarb Xining, less obvious in brocade, and the stars in the cross section are also arranged in a ring shape, and other characteristics are similar to Rhubarb Xining.

False rhubarb:

There are many varieties, with different shapes and surface colors. Rhubarb from Tibet and Hetao is conical with reddish-brown and yellowish-brown appearance. Rhubarb in North China, Rhubarb in Tianshan Mountain and Rhubarb in Heart Leaf are cylindrical, and their appearance is tan, brown or dark brown. The rhubarb in Xinzhou is mostly processed into oval blocks with a brown surface. Most cross sections have no real features, and most cross sections have no stars; Authentic rhubarb has no special smell, most of them are slightly angry, slightly bitter and slightly astringent.

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