Explain Tian Wen's sentences

Where did the canopy come from? 1, 12 Chen. When the ancients in China observed the astronomical phenomena, they found that the moon phase had 12 gains and losses in a year (that is, a hot and cold weather cycle, that is, a year), so they thought that the sun and the moon met 12 times a year. According to Zuo Zhuan, people in the ancient Central Plains called the meeting of the sun and the moon "Chen", which is the concept of "Twelve Chen". 2. Zodiac killer and Zodiac killer. In ancient star maps, people used to draw the trajectories of the sun and the moon in the sky with yellow and white colors, which were the original "ecliptic" and "white". It can be seen that the original "ecliptic" refers to the route that the sun runs in the sky every year. Later, the ancients found that the trajectory of the moon and the five elements of gold, wood, water, fire and earth were also near the ecliptic, so the concept of the ecliptic belt came into being. On the other hand, influenced by "astrology" and "the feeling between heaven and man", there was a saying that the zodiac was auspicious in ancient times, and yellow paper was also popular as the cover of almanac, which was called almanac. Astronomy defines "ecliptic" as the great circle where the earth's orbital plane intersects the celestial sphere, reflecting the apparent path taken by people on the celestial sphere to see the sun among the stars in a year; "Zodiac" is defined as a belt with 8 degrees on both sides of the "Zodiac" (total width 16 degrees). 3. Zodiac and twelve o'clock. For the need of astrology, the Babylonians divided the zodiac into 12 equal parts, namely Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Lion Palace, Virgo Palace and Libra Palace. The zodiac in Babylon refers to the 12 constellations that the sun experiences in the sky every year. 4. Twelve times. The ancients in our country determined the position of the ecliptic in the sky a long time ago, and divided it into 12 parts, called "Twelve Times", with several star officials as symbols at a time, which were mainly used to record the position of wood stars. China's Twelve Times first appeared in Zuozhuan, Guoyu, Erya and other books, and it was not finalized until after the Han Dynasty. The names of "Twelve Times" recorded in Hanshu are "Jixing, Xu Anbi, Zhangdi, Loulou, Daliang, Shenshen, Quail Head, Quail Fire, Quail Tail, Shouxing and Huomu Analysis". European astronomy was translated to China in the late Ming Dynasty, such as Capricorn Palace as an astrological palace, because the ancient zodiac in China was similar to that in Babylon. As can be seen from the above, the names of "Twelve Chens" and "Twelve Times" in ancient China are different from those of "Twelve Zodiacs" and "Twelve Points" in foreign countries, but the essence is the same. But as far as Tian Wen's "Twelve" is concerned, it should refer to the "Twelve Chens" or the "Twelve Times" that have not yet been finalized, not the "Twelve Zodiacs" in the West. According to the contemporary scientific concept, the sun and the moon are not small celestial bodies thrown into the sky from the ground, but two big celestial bodies. The sun is a star in the Milky Way, the earth is a planet in the solar system, and the moon is a satellite of the earth. The sun, the earth, the moon and all the planets in the "visible universe" are distributed in the galaxies of the universe according to their respective affiliation and keep running according to their respective orbits. Because the universe has been expanding, with the continuous expansion of the universe, the distance between galaxies is getting bigger and bigger, so the whole "sky" can't collapse; Because of the huge gravitational field of the Milky Way, the whole solar system runs around the Milky Way in a fixed orbit, so the sun will not set. Similarly, the earth and the moon cannot fall under the action of gravitational field. On the other hand, small objects thrown from the earth fall because of the gravitational field of this big object. If the object we launch can get rid of the bondage of the earth's gravity, then this object can travel in the sky without falling. To become a celestial body, an object must have a minimum initial velocity at its orbital entry point, which is what scientists call "cosmic velocity". Nowadays, when people use rockets to launch an object into the sky, if it reaches the "first cosmic speed" of 7.9 km/s, the object can go to heaven and become a satellite orbiting the earth; If the "second cosmic velocity" of 1 1.2 km/s is reached, the object can get rid of the gravity of the earth and fly to the interplanetary space of the solar system; If it reaches the third cosmic velocity of 16.7 km/s, the object can get rid of the gravitational bondage of the solar system and fly to the interstellar space outside the solar system. Pacify the Stars is a supplementary problem after Pacify the Sun and Moon, and it is also a further query of Qu Yuan on the "Nine Days Theory" of ancient Zhongyuan people. Throughout the ages, people have been observing the stars, trying to find out the distribution law of many stars displayed in the sky. When the ancients in China observed the celestial phenomena, they found that the moon was constantly moving in the sky every day, and the phase of the moon was constantly changing, and its running period (that is, the phase profit and loss period of the moon) was about 28 days. The moon passes through a star every day (how many stars are there in each star) and 28 stars in 28 days. The ancients called it "Twenty-eight Nights". As early as the early Warring States period, there was a specific record of "Twenty-eight Hostels" in China. They are arranged from west to east as follows: in the east, there are seven black dragons: horn, health, earth, square, heart, tail and basket; Seven nights in northern Xuanwu: fighting, cattle, women, air, danger, houses and walls; Seven nights in the West White Tiger: Kui, Lou, Stomach, Chang, Bi, Gou and Shen; Southern Zhu birds stay for seven nights: well, ghost, willow, star, Zhang, wing and bird. It may be to make up for the defect that the ancients did not divide the "nine days" boundary. By the end of the Warring States period, people in the Central Plains had regarded the "Twenty-eight Hostels" distributed in all directions in the sky as a reference and basis for distinguishing "Nine Days". There are records in "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" and "Huainan Xun": "What is the Nine Wild Days? The Central Committee said "Jun Tian" with its star angle, sound and lightness; The east is the sky, with star room, heart and tail; In the northeast, the weather has changed, and its stars, buckets and cows; The north is called Tian Xuan, and its stars are female, empty, dangerous and battalion; The northwest is called the sky, and the stars are in the east wall, the wall and the building. In the west, the sky is high and the clouds are light, and the belly is full of stars, ears and feet. Southwest said that there are stars in Tokyo. In the south, it is sunny, and its stars are ghosts, willows and seven stars; The sun shines in the southeast, and its stars are stretched, spread their wings and distorted. " In addition, there is a similar record of "Nine Days" in Erya Shi Tian. It can be seen that the so-called "nine-day star" of Zhongyuan people during the Warring States period was actually "twenty-eight nights". In order to identify and study many stars in the sky, astronomers set up "constellations" on the imaginary "celestial sphere" (called the stars in ancient China). There were three star officials in China during the Warring States Period: Gander, Shi Shen (both astronomers in the Warring States Period) and Xian Wu (a great wizard and astrologer in Shang Dynasty). During the Three Kingdoms period, Master Wu ordered Chen Zhuo to summarize these three star officials into 283 star officials, of which Xing 1464. The Song of Heaven in the Tang Dynasty divided the whole day into 365,438+0 areas, which were collectively called the "Three Walls (Ziwei Academy, Taiwei Academy and Tianshi Academy) Twenty-eight Hostels" system, in which "Twenty-eight Hostels" were located on both sides of the ecliptic and equatorial belts of the celestial sphere and circled the celestial sphere once. At present, there are 88 constellations commonly used in the world, which are like "road signs" in the sky, dividing the sky into several regions, and the boundary between them is roughly an arc parallel to and perpendicular to the equator of the celestial sphere. Later, referring to the ancient concept of "dividing the sky into blocks", astronomers divided many stars in the sky into 88 constellations, and defined the area and position of each constellation with an imaginary "celestial sphere" coordinate system. With the improvement of modern stargazing technology, it is found that the total number of visible planets in the whole "visible universe" is about 1 trillion (1 followed by 20 zeros), and these planets, nebulae and interstellar matter together form hundreds of billions of extragalactic galaxies similar to the Milky Way. Each galaxy contains tens of billions and hundreds of billions of stars, all of which are in their own systems. Therefore, today's people divide the "sky" according to the state and distribution of galaxies found in the space-time of the universe and the relationship between galaxies. Today, scientists have observed that there are about 40-10 billion stars in the Milky Way. There are eight planets, several dwarf planets and hundreds of thousands of asteroids in the solar system. Among the eight planets in the solar system, besides Mercury and Venus, there are many satellites on other planets. 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