Some people's story writing materials in history

Xiang Yu

Xiang Yu, who lived as a strange man and died as a ghost, experienced more than 70 wars and was invincible; After three years in the army, "the five kings were annihilated and the world was divided, and the king was sealed, and the government was feathered and sealed as the overlord."

What is Xiang Yu's achilles heel? Lack of political foresight and blind pursuit of fame and fortune are Xiang Yu's achilles' heel. He wants to win the world, but he also wants a hollow reputation. He is going to overturn Wang Huai's Covenant, fearing being accused by the world. He didn't use Fan Zeng's stratagem, which reflected his stubbornness and superstition about force. The fundamental reason was his psychological fragility.

Liu Bang commented on Xiang Yu: "I am not as good as my planned ovary (that is, Sean). I'm not as good as Xiao He, because I can help the country and the people, and I get paid. Even if it is a million-strong army, we must win the battle and attack it. I am not as good as Han Xin. These three are outstanding people, and I can use them, so I win the world. Xiang Yu has a Fan Zeng, so he can't use it. That's why he was arrested for me. "

Senior two learned the text "The Hongmen Banquet", which gave us a deeper understanding of Xiang Yu.

Reproduction of the original text

Pei Gong rode more than a hundred miles to see Wang Xiang and arrived at Hongmen. Xie Yue said, "I fought against the general in Qin, the general in Hebei and the minister in Henan. However, I didn't expect to be able to enter the customs and break the Qin Dynasty first, so I had to say goodbye to the general here. Today, there are little people's words, which make the generals and ministers lose something ... "Wang Xiang said:" This is what Sakima and Cao Wushang have repeatedly said; Why else would the book be here? " Wang Xiang stayed with Pei Gong and drank on the same day. Wang Xianghe and Xiang Bo sit in the east, and Yafu sits in the south. Father, Fan Zeng also. Pei Gong sat in the north, while Sean waited in the west. Fan Zeng has many kings, three of which are shown in the jade slips she wears, while Wang Moran should not. Fan Zengqi summoned Xiang Zhuang and said, "Your Majesty can't bear it. If you want to live a long life, please dance the sword and kill Pei Gong. If not, if it is all, it will be captured. " Zhuang is a birthday girl. On his deathbed, he said, "Wang and Pei Gong are drinking, and the army is not happy. Please dance with the sword. " Wang Xiang said, "Promise me." Xiang Zhuang drew his sword and Xiang Bo drew his sword and danced. He often covers himself with his wings, and Zhuang is not allowed to fight.

-Excerpt from "The Hongmen Banquet"

Material evaluation

As can be seen from the above excerpts, Pei Gong's ability to submit to humiliation in person is precisely the mind of a gentleman and the personality factor that he later achieved the imperial career. However, Xiang Yu, who was headstrong and arrogant all his life, made amends for Pei Gong's coming to the Hongmen Banquet. He not only had no doubt in his heart, but also betrayed Cao Wushang, who informed him. Not only that, he sat at the banquet with a pair of pride that belongs to him all over the world, but ignored the signal that Fan Zeng was determined to kill Liu Bang, thinking that Liu Bang would surrender to him sooner or later.

Applicable theme

Some bright spots in Xiang Yu's personality, such as not afraid of power, not playing tricks, being open and aboveboard, should be affirmed and suitable for topics such as "the choice of the heart", "honesty", "publicizing personality", "listening" and "happiness and way of thinking". But the shortcomings of personality, such as stubbornness, lack of foresight, weakness and indecision, should be abandoned, which is suitable for topics such as tolerance, people and road, and talking about feelings.

Zhang borrowed an arrow.

After Emperor Xuanzong escaped from Chang 'an, An Lushan rebels attacked Chang 'an. Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi heard that Chang 'an was lost, so they had to give up Hebei, Li Guangbi retreated to Taiyuan, and Guo Ziyi returned to Lingwu. The recovered Hebei county fell into the hands of rebels again. Before the rebels entered Tongguan, An Lushan sent the commander-in-chief of the Tang Dynasty, Ling Huchao, to attack Qiu Yong (now Qixian County, Henan Province). Linghu Chao was originally a county magistrate in Qiu Yong. When An Lushan occupied Luoyang, Linghu Chao had surrendered. There is a zhenyuan county near Qiu Yong. Zhang Xun, the county magistrate, refused to surrender, so he recruited more than a thousand brave men and occupied Qiu Yong. Linghu tide brought 40 thousand rebels to attack. Zhang Xun and Qiu Yong persisted for more than 60 days. The soldiers put on their armor for dinner, bandaged their wounds and fought again. They repelled the attack of more than 300 rebels, killed a large number of rebels and forced Linghu tide to retreat. The second time, Ling Huchao gathered people to attack the city. At this time, the news of the fall of Chang 'an has reached Qiu Yong, and Linghu Chao is very happy. He wrote a letter to Zhang Xun urging him to surrender. The news of the fall of Chang 'an spread among the soldiers in Tang Jun. There were six generals in Qiu Yong's city, who used to be very prestigious people. Look at this situation, it's shaken. Together, they went to Zhang Xun and said, "Now the strength of the two sides is too different. Besides, the emperor doesn't know whether he is dead or alive. It is better to surrender. " Hearing this, Zhang Xun exploded with anger. But on the surface, pretend as if nothing had happened and promise to discuss it with you tomorrow.

The next day, he called all the soldiers in the county to the hall, called six generals to his side, announced that they had committed the crime of betraying the country and shaking the morale of the army, and were beheaded on the spot. The men were very excited after seeing it, expressing their loyal opposition to the end. The rebels kept attacking the city, and Zhang Xun organized soldiers to shoot arrows at random on the city, forcing the rebels back. However, as time went on, all the arrows in the city were used up. Why doesn't Zhang Xun worry about this matter! One night, it was dark at the head of Qiu Yong City, and hundreds of soldiers dressed in black climbed down the wall along the rope. This matter was discovered by Linghu Chao's soldiers. Please report it to the general. Ling Huchao decided that this was a sneak attack by patrol troops, so he ordered soldiers to shoot arrows at Chengtou until the sky turned white. When the rebels look closely, they can see that the walls are full of grass people. On the other side of Chengtou, Qiu Yong, patrolling soldiers happily pull the draftsman. Thousands of scarecrows are densely packed with arrows. The soldiers are a little thick, hundreds of thousands. In this way, don't worry about the arrows in the city! A few days later, like that night, the "grass man" appeared on the wall again. Linghu Chao's soldiers were angry and funny when they saw it. They thought that Zhang Xun had cheated their arrows again. Nobody cares about this. I just know that this time it was not a scarecrow who hanged himself, but five hundred warriors sent by Zhang Xun. The 500 warriors took advantage of the rebels' unprepared and launched a surprise attack on Ling Huchao's camp. It's too late for Linghu Chao to organize resistance. Tens of thousands of rebels lost their command, looked in all directions, ran here and there, and fled to more than ten miles away before catching their breath. Ling Huchao was caught red-handed and gnashed her teeth with anger. When she came back, she increased her army to attack the city. Zhang Xun sent Lei Wanchun to command the guarding city. When the rebels saw a general above the city, they shot their arrows. Lei Wanchun didn't guard against, all of a sudden six arrows in the face. In order to stabilize the army, he held back the pain and stood still. Rebel soldiers think that Zhang Xun is full of tricks, and this time he must have sent a Woodenhead to deceive them. Later, Linghu Chao learned from the spy that the "Woodenhead" who stood still after being shot by an arrow was the general Lei Wanchun, and he was greatly surprised. Linghu Chao shouted at the gate and asked Zhang Xun to meet him. When Zhang Xun reached the top of the city, Linghu Chao said to him, "I see that General Lei is brave and I know that your military discipline is really strict. But it's a pity that you don't know your destiny! " Zhang Xun sneered and replied: "You don't even understand the truth of being a man, and you still talk about destiny!" With that, he ordered the soldiers to rush out of the city. Linghu tide scared the horse's head and ran away. He 14 rebels were captured alive by Zhang Xun's soldiers. Since then, Linghu Chao has been stationed in northern Qiu Yong, constantly harassing Zhang Xun's route for providing foodstuff. There are often tens of thousands of rebels, while there are only over 1,000 soldiers in Zhang Xun. But when Zhang Xun attacks at the right time, it can always win. A year later, Xu Yuan, the satrap of Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan, Suiyin Su: Wen), sent an urgent official document to Zhang Xun, saying that Yin, a rebel general, led 130,000 troops to attack Suiyang. Zhang Xun received an urgent document and quickly led the troops to Suiyang.

Qu yuan's story

Qu Yuan

Qu Yuan's period was just the eve of China's imminent reunification. "Qin Huang is horizontal, Chu Wang is vertical." Qu was born in a famous family, good at dealing with chaos and rhetoric, and was highly valued in his early years. He was a doctor of Zuotu. In order to realize the great cause of Chu's reunification, he actively assisted in political reform and insisted on uniting Qi to fight against Qin, which made Chu once become rich and powerful. However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the jealousy of Shangguan Doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by the clique and alienated by Chu Huaiwang, and was finally expelled from Du Ying and moved to the Northern Han Dynasty. In the twenty-first year of Xiang Wang, General Qin attacked Ying Du in vain, and after several ups and downs, Qu Yuan couldn't bear it. He threw himself into the Miluo River and sacrificed his political ideal. During his exile for more than 20 years, Qu Yuan has been concerned about the fate of Chu, and has written poems such as Li Sao, Tian Wen, Evocation of Soul and Mourning, expressing his position and determination not to go along with the dark and decadent forces.

High school texts such as Biography of Qu Yuan, Li Sao and Mrs Xiang all talk about Qu Yuan.

Reproduction of the original text

King Chu Ping refuses to listen to his illness, flatters him to hide his knowledge, and evil songs do harm to all. Fang Zhengzhi couldn't stand it, so he wrote Li Sao, with sadness and meditation. People who are "Li Sao" still have a lingering fear. The husband of heaven, beginning of life; Parents are the foundation of people. If you are poor, you will carry your roots, so you will be very tired. The illness was terrible, so I did not hesitate to call my parents. It is a pity that Qu Ping went straight on the right path, exhausted his loyalty and wisdom, and served the monarch. Believe and see doubt, be loyal and slander, can you have no complaints? Qu Ping's work Li Sao is self-reproach. Said Di Ku, the next Qi Huan, soup, martial arts, stab the world. The morality of the Ming Dynasty is broad and respected, and it is consistent to control chaos. His words are implicit, his ambition is clean, and his actions are mean. As the saying goes, a small article has a big meaning, and it has a far-reaching impact. Its ambition is pure, so it is called fragrant; It is cheap, so it is not allowed to die. From discharging mud, cicada sloughing in filth and removing floating dust, it is not loved by the world, and it is turbid without me. Push this ambition, although it is as glorious as the sun and the moon.

-Excerpt from Biography of Qu Yuan

Material evaluation

In Qu Yuan's poem "Involved in the River", he wrote: "I traveled all over Yaoyuan with heavy porcelain, climbed Kunlun Mountain and ate jade. Be with heaven and earth, and be with the sun and the moon in Guang Qi. " This was written angrily by Qu Yuan when he was framed by traitors and exiled by the king of Chu. Just as Sima Qian said, "If you believe and see doubt, if you are loyal and slander, how can you have no complaints?" So I wrote a song "Li Sao" to vent my anger. Qu Yuan's nobleness lies in his persistent adherence to his integrity no matter what kind of blows and flattery he suffered, so Sima Qian praised: "Pushing this ambition is also a glory for the sun and the moon."

Applicable theme

Applicable to "shoulders", "position and value", "I want to hold your hand", "affection and cognition of things", "responsibility", "ideal", "persistence" and so on.

Li Qingzhao's story

Li Qingzhao

Li Qingzhao's girlhood and girlhood were happy, but in A.D. 1 127, Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong, abandoned the capital and fled south, and a large number of literati fled. Li Qingzhao was one of them. At this time, Li Qingzhao's husband was dead and living in exile. Half the country was lost, the monarch was driven away and the people were displaced. As a talented woman and an intellectual at the commanding height of social thought, how can she not be "worried" about this situation? Yue Fei, Lu You and later Xin Qiji were all her contemporaries. However, they, men with beards, can go to North Korea to discuss politics and gallop on the battlefield, and they can stand up and drink loudly. She traced back thousands of years of history, but never found a bosom friend. What a sad sentence! Therefore, a delicate woman had to borrow a bold poem and write "Life is a hero, death is a ghost". I miss Xiang Yu so far and refuse to cross Jiangdong to express my patriotic feelings as tragic as a man.

We are all familiar with Li Qingzhao's "Slow Whispering" and "Pruning", and even sang loudly.

Reproduction of the original text

Slow voice

Looking around, lonely and sad. It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold. Three glasses and two glasses of wine, how can you beat him? It's late in the wind. Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance.

Yellow flowers are piled all over the floor, withered and damaged. Who can break them now? Looking out the window, how can a person be dark? Platanus acerifolia is drizzling, and it is ticking at dusk. What is the first concern this time?

Material evaluation

The Sound Slow is Li Qingzhao's masterpiece in his later years. At that time, with the nomads from the invasion and the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Mingcheng, a like-minded husband, also died during his tenure, and in the process of taking refuge in Du Nan, the stone and stone cultural relics collected by the couple for half their lives were also lost. Slow Voice expresses her loneliness and sadness by describing what she saw, heard and felt in the last autumn. The author's deep sadness is not the kind of leisure that is always in his heart, but it is produced under the social background of the Jin Dynasty's invasion of nomads, the decline of land, the displacement of people and the decay of state affairs, which makes the emotional color of this poem supported by the times and has certain practical and social significance.

Applicable theme

Even in the face of ethnic hatred and family feuds, Li Qingzhao never forgot her "mission" and wrote "I miss Xiang Yu so far and refuse to cross Jiangdong" to exercise self-discipline. This case is applicable to such topics as "Carving an Angel in My Heart", "Remembering and Forgetting", "Simplicity and Forgetting", "Clever Water" and "Remembrance".

The story of Ruan Ji

Ruan Ji

Ruan Ji was a writer and thinker in the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty. He has a wide range of interests, extensive reading and versatility. He studied Confucian classics and loved reading Laozi and Zhuangzi. He also learned the martial arts of stabbing, whistling, playing the piano and drinking. Ruan Ji despises etiquette and tastes people who look at manners and customs with supercilious eyes; In the later period, he became a "man who didn't hide anything". In the complicated political struggle at that time, he often saved himself by drunkenness.

Ruan Ji lived in seclusion in the mountains, avoiding the persecution of Cao Wei and Sima's political struggle. He is the representative of the romantic life of celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and also the representative of "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". He escaped from reality, leaving people with infinite disappointment and unable to realize the realm of life dancing between dream and reality.

Ruan Ji wrote "Ruan Ji is not polite" in an article in the second volume of High School Chinese Reader.

Reproduction of the original text

Ruan Ji is informal.

And filial piety, mother died, is playing Go with others, asking to stop and stay and gamble. Then he drank two barrels, raised the number one, and vomited blood for several liters. And will be buried, eat a steamed chicken gizzard, drink two glasses of wine, and then face tactic, frankly poor, champion, because of vomiting blood several liters, ruined bone barren, almost extinct. Books can also be blue eyes. When you see people with customs, you can read them with white eyes. Ji Lai hanged himself, lost his eyes and retired with joy. I'm glad my brother Kang heard about it, but that's because of the wine and the piano. I'm glad to see it. Therefore, people who are polite are ill if they are enemies.

Sister-in-law tasted mothering and said goodbye. Or ridicule it, saying, "courtesy is evil for me!" " The young woman next door is beautiful and sells wine. After tasting and drinking, you are drunk and lying on your side. This book is neither self-doubt nor paranoid. Female soldiers are brilliant and unmarried until they die. I don't know my father and brother, but I have been crying and paying tribute to them. The same is true of being frank on the outside and pure on the inside.

Material evaluation

Ruan Ji's personality is particularly unconventional. On the one hand, he lived a bohemian life, was endowed with bold ambitions, and was not bound by all external etiquette. On the other hand, in order to be able to compromise and save myself in a chaotic world, I am very temperate inside. It can be seen from the above-mentioned mother's dying performance and drunken behavior. And his generous personality can also get people's understanding and trust. Ruan Ji's poems are profound in meaning and intangible in emotion, precisely because he has two seemingly contradictory personalities that can be unified on him.

Applicable theme

Ruan Ji pretends to be crazy, despises ethics, and leads an honest and clean life, all of which are examples for us to learn from. The applicable topics are Symbol, Walking and Stopping, Carving an Angel in My Heart, and Road.