I want to know the information of Lang Shining, the imperial painter of the Qing court.

Giuseppe Lang Shining? , 1688- 1766) is an Italian, originally named Giuseppe geist Lionel, born in Milan. In the fifty-fourth year of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (17 15), he came to China to preach as a Catholic Jesuit monk, and later entered Ruyi Pavilion and became a court painter. Participated in the western construction of Yuanmingyuan.

Because Lang Shining brought western painting techniques and showed the charm of European light and shadow painting to the emperor and other court painters, he was awarded the post of Ranning in Kangxin Zhu Huan Gege.

Xi, Yong Zhengdi and Emperor Qianlong's Reuse. He is an all-round artist, involving figures, portraits, animals, flowers and birds, and landscapes, and became a representative figure of court painting in Yong Zhengdi and Qianlong periods. Representative works include Ju Rui Tu, Song Xianying Zhi Tu, Hundred Horses Tu (see illustration), Li Hong and the Queen's Statue, Pacifying the War in the Western Regions and so on.

Lang Shining 17 15 He traveled across the ocean to preach in China, and was called into the palace by Emperor Kangxi, who attached great importance to the skills of western learning, and began his career as a court painter for more than 50 years. In painting creation, Lang Shining fused Chinese and Western techniques to form a fine and realistic effect and created a new painting style, so he was highly valued by Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. Nevertheless, Lang Shining, a foreign painter, must abide by the painting system of the Qing Dynasty, that is, draw a manuscript before painting, and then "paint as usual" after the approval of the emperor. Lang Shining's manuscript "Hundred Horses" currently kept in the Metropolitan Museum illustrates this point. Lang Shining also taught European painting techniques to court painters in China, which made the court painting in Qing Dynasty have the characteristics of "combination of Chinese and western", showing a novel painting face and unique style different from the previous generation. Lang Shining was originally a Jesuit priest who came to China to preach, but he was too busy painting for the emperor to preach. He is good at adopting China's painting skills while maintaining the basic characteristics of western art. Today, his works are exhibited in major museums around the world. Lang Shining was born in Milan in 1688, and joined the Jesuits in Genoa at the age of 19. Soon, he used his artistic talent to draw two religious paintings for the small church of the monastery in the city. At that time, European intellectuals were very yearning for China culture. Lang Shining, who was weak, asked the Association to send him to China. 1 1 was summoned by Emperor Kangxi. At that time, Kangxi was 6 1 year old and loved art and science. Although he disapproves of the religion that Lang Shining believes in, he regards him as an artist, which is very polite. Kangxi said to him, "Western teachings violate China's orthodoxy. The state only employs missionaries because they understand the basic principles of mathematics." He also expressed surprise: "How can you always care about the future world you haven't entered and ignore the real world? Actually, everything has its own time. " Lang Shining was immediately appointed as a court painter, and he had no chance to preach. The court painter walks into the palace from his apartment near Donghuamen in Beijing every morning and reports to the palace guards at seven o'clock. Painting in a studio between the courtyard and the imperial garden until 5 pm. This room is hot in summer and cold in winter, so the painter must put a can of paint on the small charcoal stove to avoid condensation. Besides painting, they have to learn Chinese and Manchu. Kangxi didn't like oil painting, because it would become dark and fuzzy after a long time. Therefore, Lang Shining and other European painters learned the difficult skills of painting on silk with colloidal pigments. You can't add two strokes after one stroke, and you can't modify and polish it. The brush strokes occasionally hesitate, or the pen is too heavy, and the painting is ruined. The court painters all painted according to the principle of Guo Xiding, a poet in the Song Dynasty: "In landscape painting, the foot of the mountain, the foot of the tree and the foot of the horse are one tenth of an inch." Parallel lines are completely parallel. In Lang Shining's view, China's concept of distance coordination is completely wrong. He suggested to Kangxi to set up a painting school, which was not adopted. Later, he published a book, Vision. But in the eyes of many people in China, the perspective principle of geometry is used to deal with space problems.

, is hypocritical, not artistic. Lang Shining's Chinese Paintings

There is not only one viewpoint, but several viewpoints, and the angle of sight is not fixed, so the painter can show different viewpoints and angles to the landscape or garden in the same painting. The theme of Lang Shining's paintings was designated by the emperor. Portraits must draw a flat front, not a shadow. People think that shadows on portraits are "like spots and flaws on the face". Kangxi 1722 died, and Yin Zhen, the fourth son of the emperor, succeeded to the throne, namely Yongzheng. Missionaries were unlucky, and only priests serving in the court received special courtesy, showing the charm of European light and shadow paintings to the emperor and court painters in China. The scrolls of Juruitu in the first year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1723), Yingzhi in Songxian in the second year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1724) and Hundred Horses in the sixth year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1728) all show. During the Yongzheng period, according to the emperor's will, Lang Shining taught European oil painting skills to court painters in China, such as bhandari Sha, 1980s, Sun Weifeng, Wang Biao, Shu Ge and Yongtai. Since then, oil paintings of pure European paintings have also become popular in the courts of the Qing Dynasty. According to the archives of the Qing Dynasty, during this period, Lang Shining created many works, but only some of them have been preserved so far, and most of them have been lost. The emperor began to expand Yuanmingyuan on a large scale, which provided Lang Shining with an excellent opportunity to show his creative talents. He lived in this famous oriental garden for a long time and painted many pictures to decorate the palace. Among them, there are both European-style oil paintings and European-style focus perspective paintings that show deep three-dimensional effect on the plane. Yong Zhengdi appreciates the work of this foreign painter very much. He once commented on a figure painting: "This painting is good!" Outside the palace, Lang Shining was also closely related to several half-brothers in Yong Zhengdi, such as Prince Yi Yunxiang, Prince Guo Yunli and Shen Jun Wang Yunxi, who painted for them, and many works have been handed down to this day. Such as Prince Li Guoyun's Page (collected by Beijing Palace Museum), Eight Horses Banner (collected by Jiangxi Provincial Museum) and Matu (collected by Shanghai Museum). These works and this phenomenon, on the one hand, show Lang Shining's frequent artistic activities outside the palace, on the other hand, show that it was a popular fashion to appreciate European-style works of art in Manchu aristocratic circles at that time. Qianlong inherited the great unity. Emperor Qianlong was good at painting, calligraphy and poetry, and paid attention to the development of court painting during his reign. Therefore, Lang Shining, a painter who entered the palace from Kangxi, is still highly valued, becoming the best painter in the court. Ganlong was 24 years old when he ascended the throne, and went to the studio every day to watch Lang Shining paint. In addition, judging from the existing works, Li Hong had met and had many contacts and close relationships with him when he ascended the throne. After Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, he rewarded the court painters with money and kind for many times, and almost every time he received Lang Shining's share, which was treated equally with the elders of court painters such as Lengmei and Tang Dai. Later, Emperor Qianlong held a very grand birthday ceremony for Lang Shining's seventieth birthday, gave him a generous birthday present and wrote a congratulatory message in person. At this time, Lang Shining was 77 years old and was familiar with palace affairs, so senior church officials ordered him to present a memorial to the emperor, which was very dangerous. One day, Gan Long came to see him draw as usual. Lang Shining knelt down and said a few words about "our sacred teaching law" being condemned, so he took out a roll of Jesuits wrapped in yellow silk from his arms and presented it. At that time, the eunuchs in the palace were frightened when they saw Lang Shining's bold move, but Gan Long said gently, "I didn't condemn your religion, I just prohibited my subjects from converting." From then on, Lang Shining was searched every morning when he entered the palace to make sure he didn't have any souvenirs. 1746, five Benedictine missionaries were sentenced to death. One day, when Qianlong ordered Lang Shining to submit a draft of a new painting, he knelt down and said, "Please have mercy on our sad religion." The emperor's decision cannot be changed without an answer. Ganqinglong Chunfei Statue Mirror Center

But Lang Shining also had moments of relaxation in the palace. One day, when Qianlong saw the concubines around him, Lang Shining was embarrassed and asked him, "Who do you think is the most beautiful among them?" Lang Shining replied, "All the concubines of the son of heaven are beautiful." He asked, "Who was your favorite concubine yesterday?" "I didn't see them. I am counting the tiles on the palace. " "How many tiles are there?" Lang Shining replied, "Thirty dollars." The emperor ordered eunuchs to count, which was really good. However, I was ordered to draw a picture of the queen and 1 1 concubines, with the title "Peace of mind". This is the most famous of the 200 figures painted by Lang Shining. This painting was completed after only three times. It has been 700,000 years and has given way. Immediately, the painting was sealed in a box and it was ordered that anyone who stole it would be executed. As a court painter, Lang Shining painted all the important events in Qianlong's life-war scenes, spectacular hunting, festival banquets and so on. One of his best works is Kazak Gong Wharf and Horse. The brushwork in the whole silk scroll is free and the scenery is vivid. You have the most complete information under Baidu. )