With the long history of the motherland as the theme, 350 words should be original!

1931September 18 night, the Japanese kwantung army entrenched in the northeast of China, according to a well-planned plot, bombed the Nanman railway track near Shenyang Liutiao Lake by railway, and blamed it on the China army. This is the so-called "Wicker Lake Incident".

catalogue

1 background

2 event background

2. 1 planning

2.2 Specific content

2.3 Finding candidates

2.4 Implementation Plan

3 blasting railway

4 create public opinion

4. 1 Forged telegram

4.2 Create a fake scene

5 Historical witness

1 background

1931September 18 night, the Japanese kwantung army entrenched in the northeast of China was carefully planned.

Liutiaohu incident

Conspiracy, the railway "garrison" blew up the South Manchuria railway track built by the Japanese near Shenyang Liutiao Lake, and blamed it on the China army. This is the so-called "Wicker Lake Incident". Also known as the September 18th Incident [1].

2 event background

draw up a plan

193 1 in the spring of, the kwantung army formulated the plan for dealing with Manchu and Mongolian problems, which stipulated in principle that "when the kwantung army takes military action in Manchuria, it must be concentrated in one place". Shenyang is the political, economic and cultural center of the four northeastern provinces and the headquarters of the main force of the Northeast Army. Therefore, Japan decided to choose Shenyang as the place where the "military action" broke out, believing that "the main force of the Kwantung Army should be quickly concentrated in Fengtian to pre-empt the enemy's most elite troops near Fengtian" and "control the centers of the four northeastern provinces". The radical figures of the Kwantung Army who advocated occupying the Northeast by force, such as Shiro Itagaki Tadashi, Kanji Ishihara and Tiamatot, all made specific action plans. Teru Shimada Toshihiko, a professor at Musashi University, described this in detail in his book Manchuria Incident:

Liutiaohu incident

"At the end of June (193 1), Ishihara and Sakahara, when planning a staff trip, told some members of the Kwantung Army that they would start fighting in Liutiaogou (Lake) in late September and asked them to assist in this plan. Gu Hua and Zhang Xueliang's adviser Chai Shan's assistant Imada Dawei participated in the negotiation first. Soon, he asked the captain of the Fengtian gendarmerie, Sangu Kisuke, to cooperate. Captain Bear, the first squadron leader of the Fengtian Independent Guard, came to Zheng Dawei (Hu Shitai), the third squadron leader of the second brigade of the Fengtian Independent Guard, and asked him,' What are you going to do with the Kwantung Army if it starts?' Chuan Dao was also a subordinate of Daisaku Kawamoto in the first 10 company (Kokura). As soon as Chuan Dao and Xiao Ye arrived at the ancient painting, the ancient painting said, "If you don't want to do it, go straight back to the central government" and explained the plan to occupy Peking University Camp. Finally, a meeting was held on the second floor of the Secret Service, and Imada also attended the meeting. "After two or three parties, I finally concocted a plan to blow up the wicker lake railway.

Specific content

Sakahara and Ishihara's concrete plans for the incident of Liutiao Lake include three aspects: First, the blasting site was chosen in Liutiao Lake, which is 2.5 kilometers away from Shenyang, which is remote and easy to do, and more importantly, it is only a few hundred meters away from Beidaying, which is easy to attack; Second, the time is set at September 18, when the crops have been cut down and the ground is bare, which is convenient for combat; Third, taking the railway explosion as a signal, they began to bombard Beidaying and launched an all-round attack, occupying the whole city of Shenyang overnight.

Look for candidates

In order to carry out the plan, they carefully searched for candidates. "Because it is dangerous to reveal secrets to unnecessary people, it is quite painstaking to choose candidates. If the blasting work is handed over to ordinary non-military personnel, it is easy to be exposed anyway, so only military personnel are the best policy. " Banhara and Ishihara handed over the blasting task to the assistant officers of Fengtian Secret Service, Guhua Shaozuo and Imahara Taro, and put them in charge of the secret team of blasting the railway. Soon, the captain of the Fengtian gendarmerie, Sanguqing, was also involved. Imada transferred Captain Kawamoto, who was an engineer and was familiar with blasting technology, from the 3rd Squadron of the 2nd Brigade of Hushitai Independent Guard to the Liutiaohu detachment, and immediately gave him a secret order. Tiamatot thinks, "Since it is necessary to immediately assemble troops and start action after the blasting, it is necessary to reveal this secret to the backbone of the army stationed in Mukden anyway. ..... and then explain the plan to like-minded people and consolidate unity. " The "like-minded" people he refers to here are Chuan Dao Zheng Dawei (Major 3 of Independent Guard Brigade 2), Zheng Xiong Dawei of Xiao Ye (Major 2 of Independent Guard Brigade/KLOC-0), Seiichi Kawakami (Major 2 of Independent Guard Brigade 2), Kojima Shaozuo (belonging to Mukden 29 United Wing) and Akikura Shaozuo (belonging to Mukden 29 United Wing).

Start planning

On September 14, Seiichi Kawakami, the squadron leader of Fushun Independent Guard, held an emergency meeting in an extraordinary period, attended by Fushun police chief, station stationmaster and rural detachment leader. Kawakami revealed at the meeting: "Fushun Squadron is responsible for raiding Fengtian Airport in an emergency." The news reached the ears of Japanese Consul General Lin Hisajiro in Mukden. The next day, Lin Hisajiro sent a secret message to Waibi, the former Kiyojiro: "The Kwantung Army has assembled troops and shipped materials and ammunition, and it is possible to take military action in the near future." At the beginning of September, there were rumors in Japan that young officers of the Kwantung Army were going to use force in the northeast, which attracted the attention of the cabinet and even the emperor. Although the War Department, the General Staff and the House of Lords are keen to express tough opinions on "Manchu-Mongolian issue", most cabinet members still support monetary diplomacy. Bi Yuan asked Lu Xiang at the cabinet meeting after receiving the telegram from Consul General Mukden. Minami Jiro and others believe that "except for the interior minister of Anda, most cabinet members still lack understanding today, so they must be patient." So, they sent Major General Jimmy Jianchuan, the second minister of the General Staff, to the northeast and brought a letter to Benzhuang, saying, "I hope not to use force for the time being. "Jimmy Jianchuan is an active supporter of Banyuan and others. He is in favor of launching an' event' as soon as possible. Therefore, before he set out from Tokyo, he motioned Hashimoto Tōru to send a secret telegram to Kwantung Army Sakahara and others, asking them to act in advance. ..... September 15, Banyuan received three telegrams from Hashimoto on the evening of September 14.

After nightfall, the final consultation was held in the secret service of Fengtian (the people present were Ishihara, Banhara, Sangu, Imada, Chuan Dao, Saya, Ancient Paintings, Kojima, and Mingcang Liangshaozuo). The ancient painting read Hashimoto's telegram and said, "If it is exposed, it will be exposed before Jianchuan leaves." As a result, there are many discussions. Some people advocate that it is too regrettable to stop, or act decisively (IMADA); Some people argue that since the chief of staff is against it, it is useless to start fighting. We should give up and find another opportunity (Flower Valley). The two sides are deadlocked. /kloc-On the morning of 0/6, Ishihara, who lives in Shenyang Pavilion, called Sangu, who hurried to the building. Ishihara said to him again, let's do what the garrison wants! Call Imada immediately and put Chuan Dao's mid-team leader in charge of this task. Banyuan only said,' Really? Let's do it, so I finally decided to do it. 16 at 2 am, after the meeting of the secret service, Gu Hua said, "Let's decide after watching Jianchuan." . At that time, Imada opposed this opinion and insisted: "We must take advantage of our spirit before seeing Jianchuan." Imada was called by Ishihara this time. When he heard that he was going to start work, he jumped with joy. He quickly called Chuan Dao and asked him to start work before 16 as soon as possible. But because there was no time to prepare, I finally decided to start work on 18. "

3 blasting railway

On September 18, Banyuan completed all the preparations for the Liutiao Lake blasting scheme, and checked it again before welcoming Jimmy Jianchuan who came from Tokyo. He arranged for Guhua and Jianchuan to have a drink and chat together in Juwen Restaurant, and then hurried back to the secret service to wait for his planned moment. The specific executor Imada has prepared 42 yellow square explosives, and told his squadron's lieutenant officers Kawamoto, Gengfu Noda, Zhenghe Tanaka and "start work tonight". Chuan Dao squadron immediately inspected the equipment, set up the posture of fully armed exercises, and other troops were also ready to go. "At night, Chuan Dao led one hundred and five people to the south of Wengongtun, and conducted outpost command three miles away from the wicker ditch explosion site. Other troops are also scattered in the area in front of the civilian camp. Specialized in explosive activities; He Ben, he belongs to Liutiaogou detachment. Kawamoto led Sergeant Matsuoka and other seven or eight people to the scene, and put the yellow square explosive charge prepared by Imada on both sides of the west railway entrance and lit it. At this time, it is about 10: 20 in the evening, that is to say, there is not much time before the express train scheduled to arrive in Fengtian at 10: 40 in the evening. "About this night, the ancient paintings are described in more detail in his published memoir 1956:

On the night of September 18, a bright moon fell on the sorghum field, and the sky suddenly darkened. The stars are scattered, and the sky is falling. Kawamoto, the captain of Chuan Dao Squadron of Shimamoto Brigade, led several people to Liutiaogou in the name of inspecting the railway. While observing Beidaying from the side, I chose a place about 800 meters away from Beidaying. There, Benhe personally installed the small explosives used by the cavalry beside the railway tracks and lit them himself. Just after ten o'clock. There was a loud noise and the broken rails and sleepers flew in all directions.

Anyway, it's not as big as it was when Zhang was bombed. This time, not only does it not need to blow up the train, but it also needs to protect the trains running on the whole railway line from damage. Therefore, engineers made a calculation in advance, even if the straight one-sided rail is blown off for a short period, it can pass as long as it is temporarily tilted. According to the calculated safety factor, specify the required quantity of explosives.

4 create public opinion

Forged telegram

While blowing up the railway, Kawamoto used his mobile phone to report to the brigade headquarters and the Fengtian Secret Service. On the other hand, he shot at the North Camp and ordered the First Class to report to Chuan Dao: "The China soldiers of the North Camp bombed the railway and are fighting." At this point, Chuan Dao's mid-team leader who stayed in Wengongtun, north of the blasting site, immediately led his troops south to attack Beidaying, and directly commanded Imada, who was carrying out the blasting task near the scene. At this time, he also waved his saber and killed the camp in the north. Other troops also entered their respective positions as planned, taking on the tasks of vigilance, liaison and attack. About 1 hour after the incident, that is, on the night of September 1 18, 18, Gonghua Guzheng, chief of staff of the Kwantung Army and assistant to the Fengtian Secret Service, sent the first letter to Miyake, chief of staff of the Kwantung Army, and Minami Jiro, minister of the army, in the name of dohihara, director of the Secret Service (who was not in Shenyang at that time).

"18 at midnight, the violent China army destroyed the Manchurian railway line to the north of Fengtian and to the west of Beidaying, attacked our garrison, and clashed with one of our garrison. According to reports, the second brigade of the Fengtian Independent Guard is being sent to the scene (Feng No.205). "

Then came a second telegram, fabricated said:

"China army of Peking University Camp blew up Manchuria Railway, took three or four squadrons, and then escaped into the barracks. Our Hushitai squadron engaged with 500-600 enemy troops of Beidaying after eleven o'clock and occupied a corner of it. But the enemy is increasing machine guns and field guns. Our squadron is fighting hard. Noda was seriously injured (Feng No.208). "

After the incident broke out, the Kwantung Army not only lied about its military situation, but also hastily created public opinion, falsely claiming that "Japanese soldiers bombed the railway, causing a great conflict between the Chinese and Japanese armies". 19 At 9: 00 a.m. on September 9, a large notice of lithograph was posted in Shenyang, calling it a cover. China's army destroyed the railway and attacked the garrison. On September 20th, the Japanese-sponsored Shengjing Times reported the news that "Peking University soldiers bombed Nanman Road and turned Nanman into a battlefield" with a prominent headline. On the 20th, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the army authorities reached an agreement: "Although the truth of this incident has not been ascertained, Japan's military action to launch the right of self-defense must be allowed by international law." On the same day, newspapers in Tokyo commented on the so-called "Fengtian incident" one after another, saying that "this incident originated from the destruction of Manchuria Railway", so "this action by the Japanese army was justified".

put up a false front

The kwantung army was afraid of exposure and created a fake scene. They put three bodies dressed as China soldiers at the scene, pretending to be the "murderers" who bombed the railway and were killed. In this regard, China has clearly pointed out at the time of the incident that the so-called China soldiers' bodies were "17, when they shot and killed more than a dozen beggars hired by the Japanese army, and the clothes were made by China soldiers, and they pierced their uniforms with bayonets and took pictures". On September 19, Joe Bi Balu, a reporter who went to Shenyang to investigate the incident, spoke about the situation of Wicker Lake when he testified in the International Tribunal for the Far East after the war: "I met my old friend Jean Yuan Fei at the headquarters of this village. I saw some damaged railway items piled up in the square in front of the headquarters, and I also showed us the photos I took. Passing through the sorghum field to the construction site, I saw that the construction site had been thoroughly cleaned and replaced with new rails and two new sleepers; The bodies of China soldiers were placed at a distance of about 50 yards to 100 yards from the railway tracks and surrounded by iron plates. Their heads pointed in the direction of the blasting site. A partner in the same trade investigated a corpse. He saw a corpse without blood and left it for a long time. " At that time, Hattori Hehong, the postmaster general of Japan, also thought Japan's actions were stupid after visiting the site. People knew at a glance that the scene was forged and the body was thrown into the scene after death. In the book "The September 18th Incident" edited by the Northeast Research Association of Taiwan Province Province, there is a description in the section "Those Responsible for the September 18th Incident":

"Yoshino Zuozao (Japanese doctor of law) is a former Japanese central opinion writer, a Japanese celebrity and journalist friend. After the incident, he visited his private house in Tokyo. That is, when using the truth of the incident to produce evidence to prove that the railway explosion was indeed the behavior of the Japanese garrison, he replied that the inside story was really expensive. However, President Mantie Uchida truthfully reported to the government that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs received reports from diplomats from all sides, and the governor became an act planned by the Japanese army. "

5 Historical witness

Although the Japanese Kwantung Army created the illusion of the wicker lake incident and created public opinion to the world, history cannot be tampered with. Japanese war criminals should also tell the truth.

1940 Rokusashi Takebe, the general manager of the puppet Manchukuo, confessed in the confession written by Boli in August 1946:

"The Manchuria Incident broke out in the sixth year of Showa. The turning point of the incident was the railway explosion near Fengtian Beidaying on September 18. Although the railway was bombed according to the plan of the Kwantung Army, the Kwantung Army claimed that it was destroyed by the China army. Taking this as an excuse, they immediately took action to occupy Manchuria (the commander of the Kwantung Army at that time was General Benzhuang (Lieutenant General), Colonel Miyake, Chief of Staff, and Shaozuo Banyuan (Lieutenant General), and other youth distribution schools). The invasion of Manchuria was a part of Japan's mainland policy for many years. As a result, both the Japanese government and the military department supported the Manchuria Incident. "

He personally killed Zhang, and actively advocated the creation of "Manchuria Incident" and the establishment of "Manchukuo" controlled by Japan. Dr. Hepburn, the representative work of Kwantung Army, wrote in 1953:

"... young officers who are keen on militarism are fed up with the invasion of Manchuria, the lifeline of national defense. Some people even think that if they wait for an opportunity to invade Manchuria, they will be brought into China's sphere of influence in order to build a century-old plan for the country. Most of the people who hold the above ideas are young officers in the second department of the Japanese General Staff Headquarters (dealing with intelligence affairs). Among them, the rich ball Mao Jun (big left), Shin Hashimoto Wu (middle left), Xuanbo (little left), Heyi (Dawei), Changyong (Dawei) and others. In Manchuria, the chief of staff of the Kwantung Army, Itagaki Tadashi Shiro (Colonel) and Ishihara Kanji (Lieutenant), included Tiamatot, director of the Fengtian Secret Service (junior), and most young officers of the Independent Guard. The most powerful of them are Banhara and Ishihara, who have long been like-minded. First of all, in order to get ready, they accused the commander of the Kwantung Army at that time, Liu Ling Long (Lieutenant General), of being indifferent to the Manchuria issue, encouraged the Tokyo Central Military Department to replace it with Benmao, and then waited for the opportunity wholeheartedly. Because of the Wanbaoshan incident and the Lieutenant Nakamura incident, Japanese public opinion is boiling, and they think the time is ripe. Prior to this, at the Liutiaogou crossing near Beidaying in the northern suburb of Fengtian, soldiers of Fengtian Army of Beidaying piled stones or pulled spikes many times, which caused many accidents that damaged the operation of Nanman Railway. So I chose this location. On the night of September 18, the garrison squadron of Hushitai (eight kilometers north of Fengtian) was sent to destroy the bridge (railway) of Liutiaogou, just like the soldiers of Fengtian Army did. In addition, it was planned to use China spies to blow up the Taizihe Railway Bridge, but it was driven away by Japanese sentries and failed to achieve its goal. As a result, only a small bridge in Liutiaogou was damaged. However, it became the direct fuse of "September 18th" and expanded the incident. "