Summary of junior high school history knowledge points

If you want to learn junior high school history well, you must be good at summarizing the knowledge framework. In this article, I summarized the important knowledge points of junior high school history for your reference.

Yao Shunyu's abdication system is 1. Background: According to legend, after the Yellow Emperor, Yao, Shun and Yu became the leaders of tribal alliances in turn.

2. The abdication system: Yao Shunyu is the leader of the tribal alliance under the abdication system.

(1) mode: Pass the position of tribal leader to virtuous people through recommendation.

(2) Basic principle: Choose the best and appoint the best.

3. Yao Shunyu's deeds

(1) Yao: Encourage people to reclaim farmland and cultivate it in time; Choose Shun, a man of noble character, as his successor.

(2) Shun: Formulate criminal law, improve the system, stabilize the situation, send Yu to control water and relieve floods.

(3) Dayu Water Conservancy

Background: Yu's father Kun once presided over the flood control of the Yellow River, but failed.

Results: After accepting the heavy responsibility of water control, Yu successfully introduced the flood into the sea through dredging, which was deeply loved by the people and was honored as "Dayu".

Renaissance 1. Time:14-16th century;

2. Process:/kloc-rose in Italy in the 4th century →/kloc-extended to Europe in the late 5th century →/kloc-reached its climax in the 6th century.

3. The root cause: Italy first saw the bud of capitalism. (economic basis)

4. Nature (essence): a new bourgeois cultural movement (the first ideological emancipation movement in Europe)

5. Features: Propagandize capitalist ideas through classical culture.

6. Guiding ideology: humanism (people-centered, not God-centered)

7. Representative figures and their works:

(1) Pioneer of Renaissance: Dante (Italy, known as the last poet in the old age and the first poet in the new era) masterpiece: the long poem Divine Comedy;

(2) Renaissance artist: Leonardo da Vinci (Italy), masterpiece: Mona Lisa and the Last Supper;

(3) Renaissance literary masters; Shakespeare (England), dramatist, masterpieces: Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet.

8. Significance: It has promoted the prosperity of European cultural and ideological fields and laid an ideological and cultural foundation for the emergence of European capitalist society.

Xi event 1. Background:

(1) After the Japanese army occupied the Northeast, it extended the claws of aggression to North China, and the ethnic contradiction between China and Japan rose to the main contradiction (root);

(2) China's * * * production party put forward the idea of establishing a national anti-Japanese national United front, demanding that the national government stop the civil war and unite against Japan;

(3) Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng accepted the proposition of China's * * * producers' party and stopped attacking the Red Army, demanding that Chiang Kai-shek unite with * * * to resist Japan;

(4) Chiang Kai-shek refused to accept * * *' s anti-Japanese proposition, went to Xi 'an to supervise the war and insisted on suppressing * * * (the direct reason).

2. Purpose: To force Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan.

3. Later: 1936 12 February 12 February, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng detained Chiang Kai-shek in Xi 'an, and conducted a "military remonstration" that electrified the whole country, demanding to stop the civil war and unite against Japan.

4. Results: ① China's * * * production party advocated a peaceful solution from the interests of the whole nation and sent Zhou Enlai to Xi 'an for mediation; (2) Chiang Kai-shek was forced to accept the idea of stopping the civil war and uniting with * * * to resist Japan. Xi 'an incident was settled peacefully.

5. Significance of peaceful settlement: Since then, the ten-year civil war has basically ended, the anti-Japanese national United front has initially taken shape, and the second cooperation between the two countries has initially taken shape.

Wuchang uprising 1. Time: 19 1 1 year1October 10 day.

2. Location: Wuchang (one of the three towns in Wuhan). The Wuchang Uprising was not led by Sun Yat-sen himself.

3. Result: Success. Just over a month later, more than a dozen provinces declared independence. 1 91265438+1October1day, Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as the provisional president of the Republic of China in Nanjing, announcing the establishment of the Republic of China.

4. Status quo: This is the beginning and climax of the Revolution of 1911.

5. Influence: ① Overthrowing the rule of Qing Dynasty, the feudal autocratic monarchy system that lasted for more than 2,000 years came to an end, and the concept of democracy and harmony became more and more popular; (2) The Revolution of 1911 was an exploration by bourgeois revolutionaries to overthrow the Qing government, establish a bourgeois republic and develop capitalism through various armed uprisings.

Limitations: Yuan Shikai stole the revolutionary achievements, failed to complete the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal task, and did not change the nature of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

6. The abdication of the Qing emperor: 19 12 February 12, Xuan Tong abdicated. 1965438+In March 2002, Yuan Shikai was appointed as the interim president of the Republic of China.

7. Reasons for failure: (1) weakness and compromise of the bourgeoisie; (2) Joint destruction by Chinese and foreign reactionary forces; (3) Not fully mobilizing and relying on the people.

8. Lesson: The bourgeoisie and the national road will not work in China, a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression 1. Beginning: 193 1 September 18th Incident.

2. Japanese invasion of China;

(1) 193 1 September 18 September 18th incident.

(2) The July 7th Incident of1937.

(3) The August 13th incident of1937.

④ 1937 65438+ Nanjing Massacre in February

3. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China.

(1) Establish an anti-Japanese national united front

Initially formed: 1936 peaceful settlement of the Xi incident.

Formally established: 1937 July 7th Incident.

(2) After the September 18th Incident, local War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression began.

(3) After the July 7th Incident, a nationwide war of resistance began.

4. Important battles in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

(1) Pingxingguan Victory (2) Taierzhuang Campaign (3) Hundred Regiments Battle

5. The significance of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory completely defeated the Japanese aggressors and defended China's national sovereignty and territorial integrity. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was the first complete victory of the anti-imperialist struggle of the people of China in the past century. It was an important historical stage of the new-democratic revolution led by China's * * production party, which laid the foundation for the national victory of the new-democratic revolution.

Reform Movement of 1898. Background: The national crisis is getting worse.

2. Time:1end of the 9th century (the year of the Reform Movement of 1898) 1898.

3. Representative figures: Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Tan Sitong, etc.

4. Proposition: learn from the West, implement constitutional monarchy, and carry out bourgeois reform movement to save the nation.

5. Process: writing letters on the bus (the prelude to the Reform Movement), establishing a strong society (marking the formation of political groups of the Reform Movement), promulgating the "Imperial Decree for the Establishment of the Country" (the beginning of the Reform Movement), and 1898 coup (the failure of the Reform Movement).

6. Reasons for failure: First, divorced from the masses and relying only on Emperor Guangxu, who had no real power; The second is the weakness of the bourgeoisie.

7. Significance: It has played an enlightening role in society, is conducive to the spread of bourgeois ideology and culture, and has a patriotic and progressive role.

8. Enlightenment: It shows that bourgeois constitutional monarchy is not feasible in China; Improving roads is not feasible in China.

9. Nature: bourgeois reform movement initiated by bourgeois reformists.