Historical achievements, historical significance and historical influence of "The Complete Collection of Shit Library"

Sikuquanshu is the largest series in the history of China organized by Emperor Qianlong under the background of "literary inquisition", which began at 1772 and took ten years to compile. The series is divided into four parts: classics, history, books and collections, hence the name Sku. According to Wen Jin Ge Ji, Shu * * contains 3,503 kinds of ancient books, 79,337 volumes, and is bound into more than 36,000 volumes, which preserves a wealth of literature, but more books were destroyed in the compilation process!

Sikuquanshu has preserved a large number of documents of China in past dynasties. Many original versions are precious and rare, such as Song and Yuan dynasty block prints or old manuscripts; There are also many books that have been lost for a long time, which were rediscovered in the process of book revision; And there are also some books compiled from ancient books, such as 385 books compiled by Yongle Dadian. The compilation of Sikuquanshu has a great influence on the later academic circles, both in the method of arranging ancient books and in the aspects of compilation, collation and bibliography. But after all, Sikuquanshu is the product of emperor Qianlong's policy of cultural autocracy in the name of "commenting on ancient texts". Taking the opportunity of compiling Sikuquanshu, Qianlong collected books from the whole country and implemented the policy of "no collection". He destroyed and tampered with a large number of books that were not conducive to the rule of the Qing Dynasty. Sikuquanshu highlights Confucian literature and literature that reflects the "literary ambition and martial arts" of the Qing rulers, and puts Confucian works in a prominent position. For example, the works of some Han people, such as Tang Bin, who obeyed the rule of the Manchu Dynasty were valued, while the works of some contemporary literati, such as Huang Zongxi, Gu, were attacked and banned. Put Confucian classics at the head of the four books, and general Confucian works at the head of the sub-department; He despised scientific and technological works and thought that modern western science and technology was "the most heretical", so he could "learn from it and prohibit the spread of its learning". Except for a few scientific and technological works collected by farmers, doctors and astronomical algorithms, general scientific and technological works are not included; It does not include documents with democratic colors or dare to criticize Confucianism, nor does it include dramas and popular novels such as Song and Yuan dramas, storytelling novels and legends of the Ming Dynasty.

When Qing Qianlong compiled Sikuquanshu, the total number of books unfavorable to Manchu was destroyed, which was counted as 13600 volumes. The total number of books burned is 6.5438+0.5 million. The total number of destroyed plates is170,8000. In addition to burning books, the Qing dynasty also systematically destroyed the archives of the Ming dynasty. At present, there are only over 3,000 pieces in archives of ming dynasty, mainly the Ministry of War files of the Apocalypse and Chongzhen Dynasties, and a few official documents of Hongwu, Yongle, Xuande, Chenghua, Zhengde, Jiajing, Qin Long, Wanli and Taichang Dynasties (many of which were revised by the Qing Dynasty). The rest of archives of ming dynasty is estimated to be no less than100000 copies, all of which have been destroyed. In addition to destroying books and files, Manchu systematically tampered with the remaining books and files.

The Academic Influence of Sikuquanshu

1. The scale is unprecedented. This book contains almost all the classic documents handed down before the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and it is the largest collection of documents preserved since written records in China. 2. Copying and editing of other collections of Yongle Dadian. Officials of Siku Library have collected more than 500 kinds of lost articles in Yongle Dadian, among which, Quanshu has collected more than 380 kinds, which are listed as 120 kinds. 3. Influence on book classification. The classification standards and principles of Sikuquanshu Catalogue fully embody the scientific system of China's classical literature inheritance. After Ganjia, anyone who compiles a bibliography will follow its system. 4. Created a multi-level compilation and preservation project of ancient books. More than 65,438+000 kinds of rare books and cheats are printed and circulated with newly made wooden movable type, namely the famous Wuyingdian Juzhen Edition. At the beginning of the opening, the librarian was ordered to extract the essence from the books that should be copied and compile "Four Ku Quan Shu Hui Yao". Build seven pavilions in the north and south, vigorously advocate the culture of book collection, and reflect the dignity and value of traditional culture.

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"The blood of the literary inquisition has disappeared, the fierce flame of Manchu has eased, and the policy of ignorance has already been a great success, leaving only' merit'. I don't think he even read the banned books at that time. If nothing else is said now, it is thrilling enough to look at the works of Yongzheng Qianlong in the DPRK. Not to mention thorough destruction, smoking and gouging out, the most insidious thing is to delete the contents of ancient books. The compilation of Sikuquanshu in Qianlong period was praised by many people as a prosperous time, but they not only messed up the format of ancient books, but also revised the articles of the ancients. Not only hidden in the palace, but also given with a strong style of writing, so that scholars all over the world will never feel that there have been some people with great backbone among China's authors. " -"A Miscellaneous Talk after Lu Xun's Illness" "The Qing people compiled the Sikuquanshu, and the ancient books died!" -Wu Han Jiahui Lin Xue, Contribute to the Future-The Sikuquanshu by Ji Xianlin, a master of Chinese studies, is a precious heritage of the Chinese nation that we should cherish and be proud of, just like the Great Wall of Wan Li. -What kind of book is "Si Ku Quan Shu" by Huang Aiping, a doctoral supervisor? Sikuquanshu is the largest series in ancient China. -People's Daily and Sikuquanshu cover almost all the major classics in China's history before Qing Qianlong. —— Liberation Army Daily