Busan, which was often mentioned during the Yanhuang period, is Busan, South Korea today?

Don't! 1. Textual research on "Busan" of Hebei Zhuolu

On June 5438+065438+1October 2 1-22, 2007, the investigation team visited Fanshan Town, Zhuolu County, Hebei Province. As early as ten years ago, the local "Zhuolu Yanhuang Three-legged Culture Research Association" was established to develop cultural tourism resources. According to it, historical records? Busan, the Yellow Emperor's "He Fu Busan" recorded in the Five Emperors' Chronicle, is located in the north of Yaozitou Village, Fanshan Town.

The investigation team found Yaozitou village. There are no mountains in the north of the village, only some extremely irregular soil layers, which belong to low and continuous hilly areas. The local villagers knew nothing about Busan, saying that they had never heard of Busan. After repeated inquiries and explanations, I still have no idea about Busan.

This is a propaganda picture of "Busan" in Yaozitou Village, Fanshan Town, Zhuolu. The soil layer around Yaozitou Village is extremely thick, and the high soil layer is clearly visible, and there is no mountain shape.

This is an inscription on the historical evolution of Baodai Township established in 2005. It is said that this place has a history of more than 3,200 years and is the birthplace of Yu Shun, the ninth grandson of the Yellow Emperor, but there is no mention of Busan.

Ten sets of CCTV's "Exploration and Discovery" columns produced the "Discovery of Huangdi City" program, in which Busan's rhetoric is also contradictory and intriguing.

Second, textual research on "Busan" in Gaoping, Shanxi

From February 20, 2007 to February 20, 2007, the investigation team visited Busan in Gaoping, Shanxi. Busan's statement in Gaoping, Shanxi Province is mainly seen in network communication. In Gaoping Hotel, the investigation team interviewed three local people at random and got the same answer: "There is a Busan village here, but I have never heard of it." Subsequently, the investigation team found the legendary "Busan Village".

This is a village with only about 300 families. The investigation team first interviewed the proprietress of the village shop. The proprietress said there was no Busan here, and she didn't know why it was called Busan Village.

In Busan village, the investigation team interviewed a villager in his seventies. The old man said, "There are Niu Shan and Mi Shan here, but there is no Busan." Several passing villagers gathered around to participate in this topic, which also confirmed that there is no Busan here.

Thirdly, a textual research on "Busan" in Laishui, Hebei Province.

On February 22nd, 2008, accompanied by Mr Liu Fu, former director of Laishui Cultural Bureau, the research team visited Laishui Busan. Laishui Busan is located in Loucun Manchu Autonomous County, about 15 km northwest of the county seat, and is connected with Lingshan.

According to legend, the Yellow Emperor invented the boat here, and Linglun made musical instruments and twelve five-meter clocks here. Up to now, there are still legendary sites here, such as Leizu Cave, Huangdi Hidden Soldiers Cave, Lingquan (commonly known as Lingquan), Lingci Temple and Linglun Diaole Equality recorded in Baoding Fuzhi and Zhuozhou Zhizhi. Laishui has a world-famous intangible cultural heritage, which is the Gaoluo Concert. "Laishui Gaole" is said to be the ancestor worship music of Huangdi Temple created by Ling Lun. "Lai" means "sacrifice" in Shuo Wen Jie Zi. This ancient and profound musical repertoire has been stubbornly passed down by people in Laishui, Yixian and Xu Shui counties. Interestingly, in the Map of the Mountain and its tributaries, the ancient Laishui (now Juma River) flowing into the ancient Yellow River was originally called "Lunshui", which seems to be quite deep with the source of Linglun.

Laishui Busan, shaped like a kettle, is an ancient village. Because Busan is unique to modern county annals, it is speculated that the name of Loucun is earlier than Busan. It is also because of the invention of ships near the ancient Yellow River and the statement that Linglun's original music originated here, which has a historical and geographical basis that cannot be ignored.

At the foot of the mountain, the investigation team had a brief interview with Mr. Liu Fu-

(Liu Fu: It is recorded in the ancient county annals of Laishui that when the Yellow Emperor fought Chiyou, he once hid soldiers in Busan, and more often he was the minister in charge of sacrifice, that is, the place where he often lived-Linglun, the ancestor of China music. In the north of this mountain, there is a three-story cliff and half a slope. According to legend, it was the place where Linglun cast the bell, and now there are a lot of smelting metal residues in that place. An ancient pottery was unearthed at the top of Busan Mountain. There is a word on the pottery that no one can recognize at present. )

4. Textual research on "Busan" of Henan Lingbao

It is said that there is a Jingshan Mountain in Lingbao, Henan Province, also called Busan, and the investigation team could not find any literature and history materials. In order to be rigorous, we went to Yangping Town, lingbao city City, Henan Province from March 15 to March 17, 2008.

The place called Busan is actually called Jingshan. The investigation team went to Yangping Town, Lingbao County and found Jingshan Village at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. Jingshan Mountain is connected by several hills, some of which are really like a kettle. However, the investigation team visited some villagers in Jingshan Village, including the elderly. The locals have never heard of Busan, but only know that this mountain has been called Jingshan for generations, and there are relics and legends of "The Yellow Emperor casts Dingyuan".

Casting Ding was originally the place where the Ding Ming of the Yellow Emperor ascended to heaven in the works of Sima Qian, a historian of Han Dynasty. On the ninth day of the second lunar month, local officials and people held a sacrificial ceremony in the form of a temple fair, accompanied by drum music, singing and dancing, which was very lively. March 16 is the ninth day of the second lunar month, and the party is in full swing.

Lingbao Busan theory has only been seen in rumors.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) A Textual Research on "Busan" in Xu Shui, Hebei Province

Busan, South Xu Shui, a mountain shaped like a kettle, commonly known as Guo Ding, is located 22.5 kilometers northwest of xushui county. The mountains in the west, north and south are steep, and the east slope is gentle, showing northwest-southeast trend, with an area of about 2 square kilometers and an altitude of 290 meters. There are many relics on the mountain, including Xuanyuan Huangdi Temple site, fence site, Huangdi Terrace, Huangdi Spring, ancient wells and ancient monuments. Weeds are bleak, ruins are winding, and three broken ancient monuments stand on the top of the mountain, as if waiting for people to reveal its age and origin. A boulder suddenly appeared halfway up the mountain, called Huangdi Terrace, and Huangdi Spring was next to Huangdi Terrace.

There are four villages named after Busan, namely South Busan, North Busan, East Busan and West Busan. Busan Township has a population of nearly 10,000, of which 80% live in Busan Village.

According to historical data, Xu Shui was originally named An Su. According to the records of An Su County Records in Qing Dynasty and New Edition of Xu Shui County Records in the Republic of China (Ming Xiu, Memorabilia 10 in the 32nd year of the Republic of China), Huangdi of Xuanyuan once toured the workshop to ask about the customs, killed Chiyou in the field of Zhuolu, boarded the vassal of Busan, and showed his trust in Xu Shui; "Zi Tong Zhi Jian" also said that the Yellow Emperor and Busan were five years old (formerly known as Suicheng, Xu Shui); According to "Mirror Compendium", another note: Busan is in An Su County (Yanhuanghui Store? Local chronicles); According to Ci Hai (Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1980, P 1496), "Heputai is in Busan, Xu Shui".

Archaeological Discovery At present, there are as many as 46 ancient cultural relics in different periods in xushui county, and there is no big gap in the times. 1986 During the second national cultural relics survey, a number of ancient cultural sites were found around Busan, which were recorded in the cultural relics of Xu Shui and the literature and history of Xu Shui, and the archives of cultural relics survey were established by the county cultural relics office.

1986 In May, an ancient cultural site was discovered in the north of Nanzhuangtou Village, about 10 km east of Busan. 1August, 1987, the archaeological department of Peking University carried out a trial excavation of Nanzhuangtou site, and determined that the age of the "lower cultural layer" of the site was about 9700- 10500 years ago, which was the earliest known Neolithic human cultural relic in China, filling the gap between the late Paleolithic culture in northern China and the Neolithic culture in Cishan and Peiligang, and also for studying the Holocene in northern China.

Yangshao and Longshan cultural sites found around Busan, such as Wencun, Jinjiafen, Suicheng and Puhe, belong to the cultural sites in the middle and late Neolithic Age, dating back 5,000 years, which is roughly equivalent to the era of the Yellow Emperor.

On February 23rd, 2008, the research team, led by its director Quan Bao, visited the cultural relics showroom of xushui county Cultural Management Institute. According to Director Yu, all kinds of cultural relics collected by Wenguan are the important basis for studying the three major topics of animal husbandry, ceramics and grain origin in China, marking the transformation from nomadic civilization to farming civilization in the Yellow Emperor era. In the exhibition room, the investigation team saw a large number of pottery pots, pots and bowls in Yangshao culture period, as well as various three-legged Tao Ge and pottery in Longshan culture period. These artifacts show an evolution process from the Yanhuang period to the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period for thousands of years.

This is a pottery pot unearthed from Yangshao Cultural Site in Wencun, xushui county.

This is a red top bowl unearthed from Yangshao Cultural Site in Wencun, xushui county.

During the period of 1978, archaeologists unearthed a number of portrait stone carvings when excavating the Han tomb in the south of Busan. These portraits and stone carvings are all about rare birds and animals, including the four gods who were greatly worshipped at that time: Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku and Xuanwu, as well as the rare phoenix, Fang Bi, bird-headed beast and flying fox in Han paintings. Among them, the bird of Fang Bi is the fugue waiter of the Yellow Emperor. Qinglong is still very different from the present "dragon", but its unique image already contains countless wonderful colors in Chinese civilization.

This is a Han tomb around Busan, which was shot according to the cultural relics investigation file provided by Director Yu.

From May to August, 2006, the archaeological team of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of Beijing Institute of Cultural Relics excavated and protected the South and North Busan cemeteries passing through the first phase of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and achieved important archaeological achievements.

South Busan and North Busan cemeteries are located in East Busan Township, xushui county. This excavation covers a total area of 3,000 square meters, and 47 tombs have been cleared, including 37 in Busan South (Area 1) and 37 in Xiaoxizhuang (Area 2)/KLOC-0. More than 500 funerary objects were unearthed, including pottery, porcelain, silverware, bronzes and ironware, which spanned the four periods of Han, Tang, Song, Liao, Ming and Qing Dynasties. We can imagine the local prosperity at that time, which also shows that in the Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, when Sima Qian wrote historical records, a large number of residents around Busan had already thrived here, and the name Busan already existed exactly.

This is part of the collection in the exhibition room.

The pottery pots and red bowls unearthed around Busan 5000 years ago prove that the pottery-making technology of the Yellow Emperor period has reached a considerable level. Once the inventions of sericulture, writing, music, calendar, boats and cars at that time are confirmed here, Busan and its surrounding areas will have great historical significance.

Historical geography "sends Kunlun five-color flow, and a yellow turbidity penetrates China." The Yellow River, a beautiful and ancient mother river, is famous all over the world as the birthplace of ancient civilization in China and the cradle of the Chinese nation. It has also been integrated into the deep memory of a nation with the history of frequent diversions and floods.

According to records, during 2540 years from the pre-Qin period to the Republic of China, the lower reaches of the Yellow River flooded 1593 times and changed its course 26 times, with an average of two breaches in three years and a change in a hundred years. In the tens of thousands of years of civilization history of the Yellow River, the Chinese ancestors who lived on aquatic plants left many cultural phenomena on both sides of the strait. Generations of historical geographers have been searching hard, but where is the oldest channel of the Yellow River recorded in history books?

1975, Mr. Tan Qixiang, a historical geographer known as "cultural China", discovered an ancient Yellow River-"mountains and rivers" in Shan Hai Jing. "Mountain River" leaves Xiaolangdi, Jin Meng, turns northeast along the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, passes through Anyang and Handan, passes through Shenzhou, Levin and Xu Shui, passes through Anxin and Bazhou, flows eastward to the north of Tianjin, and flows into Bohai Sea. The flow chart of "Mountains and Rivers" shows that the old course of the Yellow River made a sharp turn at the foot of Busan, Xu Shui for nearly 90 degrees and turned east, leaving us many historical sites. 1985- 1986 cultural relics survey confirmed that almost all the cultural sites in various periods were around Busan, that is, along the ancient Yellow River.

"Busan combination" should be a cultural phenomenon of the Yellow River.

Folklore There are many folklores circulating in Busan and its surrounding areas. The Land Rover Range Rover Xu Gengqi, edited by Jin Fengyun, former vice chairman of xushui county, contains the folk stories of Busan. Mr. Yang Zhonglin, a rural sage in Xu Shui and a retired worker in Dawangdian West Street, collected local folk stories and wrote a book "Fuyang and its Surroundings", a large part of which was related to ancient tribal leaders such as Yan Di, Huangdi and Chiyou.

"The melons in the bean shed are raining like silk." The folklore about ancient history and culture handed down from generation to generation has a vague historical projection. Legend has it that before signing the symbol in Busan, the Yellow Emperor conquered Yan Di through the battle of Zhuolu, and shook hands with Yan Di in Beihe Village on the west side of Busan. Up to now, there are still the remains of Beihetai beside Beihe Village. Later, through the battle of Hanquan, Chiyou was captured and killed, and the remnants of Chiyou were incorporated. There is a red clay mountain in the southeast of Busan, which is said to be the "tomb of Chiyou".

Liang's Ren Fang records that the Han people in North China offered sacrifices to the God Chiyou in the Northern and Southern Dynasties: "There is a musical name Chiyou Opera in Jizhou today, and its people wear horns in twos and threes to make up for it. The Han Dynasty set up a corner to cover its legacy. " The local people in Chiyou's play are also called "the five gods catch ghosts".

On February 5th and 6th, 2008, the investigation team led by Lao Yang visited Busan twice. Lao Yang identified and explained the ruins and legends of Beihetai at the foot of Busan Mountain. The mountainside is said to be the Silkworm Temple and legend in Lei Zu Ancestral, and the remains and legends of Huangdi and Futai, Xuanyuan Huangdi Temple, Huangdi Cliff, Huangdi Cave, Huangdi Spring and Xuanyuan Tomb at the top of the mountain and nearby.

Yang Zhonglin: This is Aunt Silkworm Temple. Who is Aunt Silkworm? Lei Zu, the princess of the Yellow Emperor, invented sericulture. Who is she? There is a Langya Mountain here, which was called Xiling Mountain in ancient times. She is the daughter of Xiling. She is the second daughter. They have three sisters. The boss's name is Grandma Yan, and Aunt Silkworm invented sericulture. She is the second child. The idol in the west is Grandma Cai, and the three sisters are enshrined in several surrounding counties.

This is where the Yellow Emperor and his princess Lei Zu lived. This is called Huangdi House.

This is Xuanyuan Temple. This road faces the main entrance, and the temple gate has collapsed.

Sun: Were you like this when you were young?

Yang: I was like this when I was young, but not when my grandfather Yang Laocai was alive. If he were still alive, he would be 145 years old. When he was young, he would go to pay homage every year at the age of 30, that is, on New Year's Eve. He said that these temples were still there when he came.

Sun: Zhuolu County said they have Busan there. Do you know that?/You know what? It's all on CCTV

Yang: I watched CCTV 10 channel for five consecutive episodes, and I watched them all. That place is called Yaozitou. It is a small earthen mountain, not a mountain. In ancient times, the earth mountain was called a mountain, and when there were stones, it was called a mountain, but there were no stones there.

conclusion

The investigation in Busan has been basically completed. Busan, Xu Shui, Hebei Province, can be described as "the mountain has its shape, the land has its name, the history has been recorded, the facts have been proved, and people have recited it", which can stand scrutiny and textual research. A large number of data confirm that Busan is unique, and Busan and its surrounding areas in Xu Shui are the main activity areas of the Yellow Emperor and his descendants. Busan Peace laid a preliminary foundation for the unification of China and the integration of the Chinese nation, which is an ancient cultural phenomenon of the Yellow River. Harmonious culture, as the budding idea of Chinese national unity, is a valuable historical and cultural heritage.

Question prompt

"It is for the discipline to understand ancient times." There are still many problems to be further discussed. For example—

1. Why did the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di meet in Busan, South Xu Shui?

2. What do many Yangshao cultural sites around Busan show?

3. The bones of chicken and pig were found in Nanzhuangtou site on the north bank of the ancient Yellow River. If Nanzhuangtou people started raising poultry and livestock 10,000 years ago, what does this mean?

4. Why did the ancient Yellow River turn in Xu Shui?

5. Why are there so many relics and records of Three Emperors and Five Emperors in Hebei? There are two Huang San temples in xushui county alone, as well as Shun Di Temple, Dayu Temple and Yao Di Temple.

Six, Busan mountainside has a silkworm temple, yi county has a silkworm pagoda, "Historical Records", the Yellow Emperor got married.

The daughter of Xiling, at the foot of Langya Mountain in yi county, was called Xiling in ancient times. Can Aunt Silkworm recognize Leizu, the princess of the Yellow Emperor?

Seven, there are large and small moushan beside Busan, and there is a legend of the tomb of Chiyou. What does this mean?

8. Why are there cliff carvings in Busan Cave, and all the stones in the mountain are nicked?

9. Why did the Xuanyuan Huangdi Temple at the top of Busan become Notre Dame? Even the virgin, which virgin is it?

X. historical records "The Biography of Five Emperors" contains: "The Yellow Emperor collapsed and buried Qiao Shan." There is a bridge mountain in Hebei. Is the Yellow Emperor buried in Qiaoshan, Hebei Province? As we all know, Shaanxi Huangling was built in the name of Qiaoshan Mountain. The secretary of local chronicles said that Huangling was the tomb of the Yellow Emperor, built by a temple in the Tang Dynasty and planted by cypress in the Song Dynasty. Throughout history, there are many Huangdi Mausoleum, Yandi Mausoleum and Chiyou Mausoleum all over the country, and there are many lawsuits. No one can say for sure. Most of them are based on Sima Qian's historical records? The Chronicle of the Five Emperors hopes that the literati will learn righteousness, and righteousness will become history, history will become famous, and success will be achieved.

XI。 Where is the battle between Zhuolu and Hanquan? History of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China

The Ancient History of China written by Xia Cengyou called Zhuolu Zhuozhou in Zhili, and there are also places called Hanquan and Zhuolu in Xu Shui. It is said that Zhuolu originated in Zhailu, which is the settlement of the porridge tribe. Can you further demonstrate it?

12. Is the symbol of symbol combination a military symbol or a tribal totem? Does Busan hegemony have anything to do with the formation of dragon totem?

13. why didn't there be a big war about 1000 years after the treaty was signed?

14. What is the practical significance of Busan harmonious culture to our present universal civilization?

May 29-30, 2008, The Yellow River? Busan Historical and Cultural Symposium was held in Dawu Group, Xu Shui, Hebei Province. Professor Li, director of China Archaeological Ancient Civilization Research Center, dean of Peking University Archaeological and Cultural Institute, professor Yuan Sixun, a famous national expert in science and technology archaeology and Peking University Archaeological and Cultural Institute, director of the rare book room of Peking University Library, and archaeologists from Baoding and members of Busan Cultural Research Association of Xu Shui attended the forum.

At the forum, Professor Li, Dean of Peking University University, pointed out that Busan site should be properly protected, and the first task now is to stop the destruction of Busan, which is a respect for national history, culture and natural ecological environment. In addition, there are many folk cultures about the Yellow Emperor in Busan and its surrounding areas, such as legends and folk stories, which can be declared as world intangible cultural heritage. Once Busan disappears, the material or intangible heritage will become passive water and rootless wood. Professor Si Xun, the former professor of Peking University Wenbo College, suggested that if the remains of the ancients can be excavated in Busan site, the C 14 can be measured in the laboratory of Peking University Wenbo College. Hou Lu, director of Baoding Cultural Relics Research Institute, suggested that Busan and its surrounding areas are rich in historical and cultural relics and underground cultural relics, so we should firmly grasp the opportunity of the third national cultural relics survey and conduct in-depth research. At present, the priority is to protect Busan.

On May 30th, accompanied by Yu Baoquan, director of xushui county Cultural Management Institute, and members of Busan Cultural Research Association, Professor Li and Professor Li, who were over 70 years old, made a field trip to Busan. Professor Li and Professor Li are interested in Busan site, and have visited the site of Huangdi Temple in Xuanyuan, Huangdi Terrace, Huangdi Spring, the fence, ancient wells and ancient monuments one by one. After a detailed investigation of three walls in the ruins of Busan, Professor Li pointed out that this kind of project is based on local materials and is an ancient traditional dry-build architectural style. Judging from the wide wall foundation and part of the wall, it belongs to the defense system in ancient wars, and it is purely built with rocks, but the rocks have no sharp edges and corners, and the degree of collapse is more serious, indicating that the construction age is very long; At the top of Busan Mountain, Professor Li carefully examined three broken and denuded stone tablets. Judging from the use and damage degree of the stone, the standing stone has different ages and a long span. After textual research, it is determined that the latest ancient monument was built in the thirteenth year of Qianlong.

Standing on the pedestal of the temple at the top of the mountain, Professor Li said with emotion: "There are so many historical and cultural relics in Busan, which are very rare and of great protection value. But at present, the whole mountain in Busan has been seriously damaged, which is regrettable. It is recommended that the government protect Busan as soon as possible. " Professor Zhang Yufan said that Peking University has a rich collection of ancient books and will provide more relevant information and fully support the work of Busan Historical and Cultural Research Association.

Busan Cultural Research Association: Explore the mysteries of history, carry forward traditional culture and make new contributions to the construction of advanced socialist civilization. -Li

Promote the historical and cultural heritage of Busan. -primitive thinking training