Who will be responsible for Guan Yu's loss of Jingzhou in Xiangfan War?

The direct losses caused by Guan Yu's northern expedition to Xiangfan include: the land of three counties in Jingzhou was taken away by Soochow, and nearly 50 thousand Jingzhou troops were wiped out, or died in battle or surrendered to Sun Quan. Thousands of officials in three counties of Jingzhou, with a population of nearly one million, all belong to Dongwu, and the strength of Shu Han was cut by one third at once, and it began to decline from then on until it died.

The indirect losses are: not only Guan Yu's lifelong reputation was lost, but also Han Shu's political power headed by Liu Bei completely lost its influence on Jingzhou, and the possibility of unifying the Central Plains through two northern expeditions. At the same time, Liu Bei's reputation was also lost, which also contributed to the later Yiling War, which led to the death of most of Han Shu's elite.

Guan Yu

In addition, there is another serious consequence: the Shu-Han regime can only control the regime with Jingzhou people in exile in Yizhou, and the locals are managed by foreigners, resulting in the disconnection of talents in the later period.

Is the failure of Xiangfan so serious? So who should take responsibility for this failure?

Some people say that Guan Yu is back, of course, because he started the battle of Xiangfan. But from the historical analysis, Guan Yu did not launch the war of Xiangfan. Strictly speaking, the battle of Xiangfan is the coordination of the battle of Hanzhong, because when Guan Yu appeared in Xiangfan and captured Xiangfan in July 2 19, it was already the second year that Guan Yu went north from Jingzhou.

Guan Yu

This means that Guan Yu's former territory was Nanjun, Wuling and Lingling counties in Jingzhou, and the front with Cao Wei was probably in Dangyang. Guan Yu couldn't suddenly appear in Xiangfan, but pushed northward step by step along the Hanshui River. In fact, it is recorded in the history books that Guan Yu has been advancing northward and had a war with Cao Wei.

History of the Three Kingdoms and Emperor Wudi: In October, Wan Shoujiang, Hou Yin and others rebelled, held the Nanyang satrap, robbed officials and people, and guaranteed Wan. When Coss begged Guan Yu to go to Fancheng, it was the moon that surrounded Wan.

The winter October mentioned here is the twenty-third year of Jian 'an, that is, 2 18 AD and 10 AD. In 2 18 AD, Coss stationed in Fancheng to attack Guan Yu, Guan Yu was in Jingzhou, and Fancheng was on the north bank of Hanshui River, north of Xiangyang. How did Fan Cheng win Guan Yu? This only shows that Guan Yu is already heading for Xiangyang and Fancheng. If the battle of Xiangfan was launched in July of February19, how could Coss attack Guan Yu nine months ago?

Cao Cao

In other words, Guan Yu has been attacking north. It was June, 20 18, and the battle of Hanzhong was going on. At this time, Liu Bei had not gained the upper hand in Hanzhong, and was killed in the summer of 2 19 1 month. Therefore, it is fully proved that Guan Yu's northern expedition to Xiangfan was to cooperate with Liu Bei's battle in Hanzhong, to contain the main force of Cao Wei in Jingzhou Military Region and to relieve Liu Bei's pressure.

However, the battle of Hanzhong ended in May of February19, but Guan Yu, who coordinated the battle of Hanzhong, just hit Xiangfan in July, so we see that the battle of Xiangfan seems to be launched in July of February19. In fact, Guan Yu was in a state of war for a long time. Originally, after the war in Hanzhong, the correct way was that Guan Yu should retreat to Jingzhou, but Guan Yu didn't.

Guan Yu still attacked the north at this time for three reasons:

First, Guan Yu had a hard time getting to Xiangfan, so he didn't want to withdraw. Guan Yu started from Jingzhou, and it took him nine months to reach Xiangfan. You told Guan Yu to give up? Don't say Guan Yu, I wasted so much time and energy on you, and I won't give up.

Liu Bei

Second, you don't give orders to others. Besides, Guan Yu himself has the power to slay the generals. This power is great, but he has no power to wage war. This war must have been started by Liu Bei.

Third, Guan Yu played Xiangfan with a try attitude. I didn't expect Xiangfan to be vulnerable, but Guan Yu became famous in China. If Guan Yu loses the first battle, it may not be a bad thing. Guan Yu may retreat, but Guan Yu won or won, which gave Guan Yu the courage to launch an all-out war.

Therefore, Guan Yu had the greatest responsibility in the battle of Xiangfan. He should bear 40% of the responsibility, and the remaining 60% should be shared by Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Mi Fang and Fu Shiren, among which Liu Bei should bear 30% of the responsibility, and Zhuge Liang, Mi Fang and Fu Shiren should each bear 10% of the responsibility. These are the people directly responsible for the Xiangfan campaign.

Zhuge Liang

Liu Bei was the initiator of the war and the leader of the Shu-Han regime, and he was directly responsible for the major strategic events in Jingzhou Theater. When Liu Bei ordered Guan Yu to explore Xiangfan in the north, he did not explicitly tell Guan Yu that he could not attack Xiangfan or expand the war situation. This is Liu Bei's responsibility.

Zhuge Liang was a strategist of Shu Han. Liu Bei made a fortune and established political power in those years, relying on Zhuge Liang's correct strategy. At the same time, Zhuge Liang's strategy in Longzhong is also: to unite with Sun Quan in the east and reject Cao Cao in the north. Zhuge Liang wrote Sun Quan as an ally of Shu Han into the general strategic program of Shu Han, which reduced Liu Bei's vigilance against Sun Quan. Unfortunately, Zhuge Liang did not expect Sun Quan to attack Jingzhou in the end, or paid no attention to the safety of the three counties left by the battle of Xiangfan.

Therefore, Zhuge Liang was responsible for the battle of Xiangfan 10%. We believe that the fundamental reason why Liu Bei was not saved in the whole battle of Xiangfan was that he didn't expect this and didn't have time to rescue him.

Mi Fang, Fu Shiren.

Mi Fang is the prefect of Nanjun, and Fu Shiren is the public security chief. After Lu Meng entered Jingzhou, they surrendered without a fight. Lv Meng won three counties in Jingzhou without a single soldier. This has to be said because of the traitor's betrayal. The traitors are Mi Fang and Fu Shiren. As the left-behind generals, they actually offered the city to surrender. If Mi Fang and Fu Shiren did not surrender, but persisted, where would Guan Yu defeat Maicheng?

Therefore, Mi Fang and Fu Shiren each bear 65,438+00% responsibility for the battle of Xiangfan, and the responsible persons for the battle of Xiangfan are:

Guan Yu (30% responsibility), Liu Bei (30% responsibility), Zhuge Liang (10% responsibility), Mi Fang (10% responsibility) and Fu Shiren (10% responsibility).