How did the Russian king change from a medieval archduke to a czar?

The ancestors of Russia were Eastern Slavs who lived in the plains of Eastern Europe. Since the eighth century, the primitive clan commune began to disintegrate, and the tribal alliance gradually developed into a small country, that is, a principality. In fact, the Russian Principality in Kiev is a direct transition from primitive society to feudal society, and its political system has a very strong color of primitive military democracy. Therefore, the initial foundation of the establishment of czarist Russia should actually start from Kiev Ross.

Kiev Ross is a kind of aristocratic politics headed by the Grand Duke of Kiev, and it is a process of transition to monarchy. Its supreme ruling group is composed of the Ryurik family. The Grand Duke of Kiev was transformed from a military leader and finally implemented a system similar to "home in the world". There is no complete political authority, but Qin Bing's outstanding team helps Dagong to govern the country.

Until the 9th century, the Orthodox Church gradually evolved into the state religion of the Principality of Kiev, and religion began to play an important role in the politics of the Principality. But by the eleventh century, Kiev Ross was basically in a state of disintegration. 1237, Badou, the grandson of Genghis Khan, led the Mongolian army to invade the northeast of Russia, where the Golden Horde was established, and Russia began the period of Mongolian rule. This period of history is of great significance to the formation of tsarist Russia.

The Golden Account Khanate implements the policy of controlling Russia with Russia, so the internal archduke actually has considerable power. Among them, the Principality of Moscow, as the actual agent of Mongolian rule in the local area, gradually accumulated its strength and took the opportunity to rise when the Golden Horde gradually weakened.

In Ivan III of Russia, Russia, the Moscow Principality has actually unified most of Russia's territory and established a centralized country, which laid a solid foundation for tsarist Russia. /kloc-defeated the Mongols in 0/480, and 15 14 recovered Smolensk. Ivan IV was crowned emperor in 1547, calling himself czar, which is actually the name of Roman emperor Caesar in Russian. It was under the rule of Ivan IV that the czar system was formally established.