Literati history

1. Historical Literati-Related history, who has the talent of Liu Yuxi, the author of "Humble Room Ming" ● Meeting each other late is what the ancients called officialdom success.

On the other hand, if you are not satisfied, you cannot succeed. For modern people, it depends on how individuals choose to get what they want, that is, to realize their ambitions.

Some people say that "the heart turns with the environment", which is emotional. It is easy for people to feel happy when they see the beautiful scenery, but some people are depressed because of worldly things, even if they see the beautiful scenery, they will sigh. It can be seen that the change of mood will affect a person's idea of scenery, and the relationship between heart and environment is very close.

Meeting doesn't mean career success. Some people meet love, such as Du Liniang and Liu Mengmei. Some people meet family members, such as Shen's father and mother; Some people meet nature, such as the poet Tao Yuanming, who doesn't admire Li Rong and enjoys himself in the country. Others, such as the painter Van Gogh, were poor before their death, but they were appreciated by the world after their death. Sima Qian, the famous author of Historical Records, was once decadent and frustrated after his imprisonment, complaining all day long. But he thought that he would inevitably encounter setbacks in his life journey. He changed his thinking, broadened his mind, appealed his grief and indignation to pen and ink, and wrote China's great works on literature and history, in order to sublimate his mind to change the situation.

Someone plays a successful person on the officialdom stage; However, some people always play frustrated people. Sometimes I wonder whether the director is unfair or the frustrated actor didn't get a good script. In history, some talented people will write articles to comfort each other, such as Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower and Su Zhe's Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion. Some people will write articles to comfort me, such as Crocodile Sacrifice written by Han Yu when he demoted Chaozhou, Eight Records of Yongzhou written by Liu Zongyuan when he demoted Yongzhou, and Pipa Story written by Bai Juyi when he demoted Jiangzhou.

They are talented, but none of them are used by the world. In the political arena, they have never met. Perhaps, as Li Bai said, "sages have been lonely since ancient times, and I was born useful." In the cold and silent environment, they resolved the frustration in the officialdom, turned their passion into masterpieces, and made their lives shine in literary works, thus gaining eternal praise.

How many people can open their brains and write such wonderful words when the times are not smooth? How many people can turn back? Many people, such as Deng Bi, lamented that their talents were not reused, so they became monks! Think about it. Confucius traveled around the world, but he could not be used by the contemporary world. He still uses his knowledge for education. Deng Bi is a good teacher, who is well versed in Chinese and Western culture, at least benefiting the crowd, but he chose the tragic ending, which affected his mood. In ancient times, gentlemen and saints were not always successful. When they are unsuccessful, some people remain pure and clean. There are too many so-called sages who have not come out of the mountain. They know how to cultivate one's self-cultivation, and they also know the truth that "people have the curse of seeking use, things have the curse of seeking exhaustion, and trees have the curse of seeking talent", so they follow the heaven, as Zhang Jiuling said: "Don't they require transplantation more than other natural flowers?" Met it.

? ゅ Kuang.

Doctor.

2. Su Qin, a classic example of ancient literati.

Su Qin grew up in a poor family, and food and clothing were unsustainable. Reading is naturally a luxury. In order to make a living and study, he often has to sell his hair and help others do short-term jobs. Later, he left his hometown and went to Qi to learn from Guiguzi.

Su Qin is self-sustaining and successful in his studies. For the sake of fame and fortune, he can't wait to tell other teachers and friends and travel around the world. A year later, not only did I get nothing, but I also spent all my money. He couldn't hold on any longer and walked home in rags and sandals.

Back home, Su Qin was skinny, ragged, dirty and dusty, just like a beggar. The scene of being down and out is beyond words, which is sympathetic.

Seeing him like this, his wife shook her head and sighed and continued to knit. Sister-in-law turned away when she saw him like this, unwilling to cook; Parents, brothers and sisters not only ignored him, but also secretly laughed at him and said:

"According to the tradition of our Zhou people, we should be content with our own industry and strive to engage in industry and commerce to earn two-tenths of the profits; Now give up this most fundamental career and show off your breath. Really deserved it! "

This situation made Su Qin feel ashamed and sad. He closed the door, don't want to see people, made a profound reflection on yourself:

"The wife ignores her husband, the sister-in-law denies her brother-in-law, and the parents deny her son. It's all because I don't live up to expectations and I'm eager to succeed in my studies! "

He realized his own shortcomings, pulled himself together, moved all the books out and made a determined effort to study again. He thought:

"A scholar, since he has made up his mind to bury himself in reading, can't gain a prominent position with this knowledge, so what's the use of reading so much!"

So he picked up a Yin Fu Jing from these books and studied it carefully.

He studies late into the night every day, and sometimes he falls asleep unconsciously at his desk. When I woke up for the first time, everyone regretted it. It was useless to scold myself, but there was no way to keep myself awake. One day, when reading was really tiring and difficult, he involuntarily threw himself on the book case, but he suddenly woke up-something stabbed his arm. When he saw an awl on the table, he immediately thought of a way to stop dozing off: whenever he tried to doze off after stabbing his thigh with an awl, he would suddenly wake up in pain and continue to study hard. Because of this, his thigh often drops blood, and he can't bear to gamble.

Family said, the heart could not bear, advised him to say:

"Your determination and mood to succeed are understandable, but you don't have to be so masochistic!"

Su Qin replied:

"If not, we will forget the shame of the past; That's it. In order to urge me to study hard! "

After a year of "pain" and "blood", I learned a lot from reading Su Qin and wrote two articles: "Chuai" and "Mo". At this time, he confidently said:

"With this set of physics and chemistry and methods, many monarchs can be persuaded!"

As a result, Su Qin began to lobby the six countries with his knowledge and spiritual will, and finally gained high esteem, became famous among the six countries and started his brilliant political career.

Sima Qian, who defended Li Ling's surrender to Xiongnu, was convicted, imprisoned and rotted. After he was released from prison, he worked as a secretary, continued to write angrily, and finally finished the writing of Historical Records.

3. Which historical literati are called 1, Qu Song-poets in the Warring States Period, Song Yu 2, Ban Ma-historian and writer Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty and historian and writer Ban Gu 3 and Cui Du in the Eastern Han Dynasty-calligrapher Cui Cao 4 in the Three Kingdoms Period-calligrapher Zhong You in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, calligrapher Wang Xizhi 5 in the Eastern Jin Dynasty-raising horses. Lu Ji 7 —— Southern Song Dynasty poet, Xie Lingyun 8, Hugh Bao —— Southern Song Dynasty poet Tang Huixiu, writer Bao Zhao 9, —— Southern Song Dynasty writer Xu Ling, Northern Zhou Dynasty writer 10, —— Southern Song Dynasty writer Yin Keng, He Xun1,Southern Song Dynasty painter/kloc. Wei Xing-Northern Qi writers Xing Shao, Wei Xiu Du Mu C, Mars, Du Mi D, Gu Li, Du Qiao 'e, Li Yun, Du Zhong F, Li Chong and Du Yu 'g in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Shao Li, Du Fan 18 in the Song Dynasty, Yan Liu-Tang calligraphers Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan 19, Zhang Wang- Poet Meng Jiao 22, Jiaodao-Tang Dynasty poets Meng Jiao and Jia Dao 23, Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi, writer Liu Zongyuan 24, Tang Dynasty poets Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi 25, Tang Dynasty poets Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi 26, Tang Dynasty writers Pi Rixiu and Lu Guimeng 27, Southern Tang painter Dong Judong, Song Dynasty painter. Liu Zhou-Southern Song Poets Zhou Bangyan, Liu Yong 37, Liu Lu-Yuan writers Liu Yin, Lu Zhi 38, Yao Lu-Yuan writers Yao Sui, Lu Zhi 39, Gao Gu-Ming Lindong Party leaders Gao Panlong, Gu Xiancheng 40, Kang Liang-late Qing writers Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao 4 1, Tang Dai. There are 44 Lu Yun brothers, two kings-calligrapher Wang Xizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, 45 father and son Wang Xianzhi, the second pan-writer in the Western Jin Dynasty, 46 nephew Penny, and the second Miao calligrapher Wei Guanhe in the Western Jin Dynasty.

Gold medal writer Duan Keji and Duan are brothers. Named after "Ermiao Collection".

47. Er Shi —— Qing painter, Shi Tao 48, Er Sima —— Han historian Sima Qian, ci fu writer 49, Xiao Xie —— Southern Song poet Xie Lingyun and his younger brother 50, Lou Dong 2 —— Ming writer Zhang Pu, Zhang Bing 5 1, two masters in Southern Tang Dynasty —— Li Jing and Li Yu, the late master. Han Ma took the place of cattle —— painters in Tang Dynasty (good at drawing horses), (good at drawing cattle) 55, Kong Jing —— Hong Sheng, a playwright in Qing Dynasty, Kong 56, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty —— the history of poets in the early Qing Dynasty, Song Wan 57, Cui in South Chen Bei —— painters in the late Ming Dynasty, Chen Hongman and Cui Zizhong 58, and Beimei in southern Europe ——— modern Peking Opera. San Cao —— a statesman, strategist and writer in Han and Wei Dynasties, Cao Cao's father and son Cao Pi and Cao Zhi 6 1, —— Song Dynasty writers Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe 62, Sanyuan —— Ming Dynasty writers Yuan Hongdao, Yuan Zhongdao, Yuan Zongdao 63, Sanyang —— Ming Dynasty university students, Yang Pu 64, three ——— Qi poet Xie Tiao 664. I am also known as the "four-term".

72, Lingnan Sanqing poets Liang, Qu Dajun, Chen Gongyin 73, Tongzhou Sanqing Tongzhou writers Fan Dangshi, Fan Zhong, Fan Rui brothers 74, Zhejiang Sanmao-early Qing writers Mao, Mao Qiling, Mao 75, Jiangnan Sanbuyi-early Qing writers Zhu Yizun, Jiang, Yan 76, You Jiang Sanqing. Four heavenly kings-landscape painters Wang Shimin, Wang Shu, Wang 78 and four outstanding artists in the early Qing Dynasty-writers in the Tang Dynasty, Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo 79 and the Four Mausoleums of Yongjia-poets in the Southern Song Dynasty, Ji Xu, Weng Juan and Zhao Shixiu. All four people are Yongjia people, and the word contains the word "spirit", so they are called.

80. Four Great Masters-Meng Changjun (Qi), (Zhao), Chun (Chu), Xin (Wei) 8 1, Four Great Masters of Yuan Song-Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Bai Pu, Zheng Guangzu 82, Four Great Masters of Regular Script-Tang Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Song Heyuan Zhao Mengfu. Zhou wenbin 85. Four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty-Cai Xiang, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei 86, and Ming Sijia-four great painters in the Ming Dynasty-Shen Zhou, Tang Yin, Wen Zhiming, Chou Ying 87, and four great painters in the Yuan Dynasty-Huang Ji, Zhen Wu, Ni Zan, Wang Meng 88, and four sons-literati in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties-Hou Fangyu, Chen Zhenhui, and so on.

4. Impression of Chengdu. How did the ancient historical literati evaluate the business of sending flowers to Chengdu, Du Qingfu Jincheng Silk, day after day, half into the river and half into the clouds?

This song should only exist in the sky. How many times can the world listen to it? [Notes]: 1, Hua Qing: A military commander in the Tang Dynasty, Hua Hua, once put down Duan Zhang's rebellion. Du Fu's "Play as a Flower Song", "There must be flowers in Chengdu, and all children who learn English know their names", is flowers.

Qing: Your respectful name. 2. Jincheng: Chengdu, Sichuan Province.

Sixian: stringed instruments, wind instruments, the music of this generation. One after another: many and chaotic.

It should mean "prosperity" here. 3, half into the river wind and half into the clouds: music floats with the river wind, floats on the river, and floats into the clouds.

"Half in" is not half in. 4. There are some things in the sky: compare with Yue Xian.

5, several times: I have heard it several times. It means that people seldom hear it.

[Explanation] The first two sentences of this poem are about the prosperity of music in Chengdu, which is played day after day and spread all over the world. After the second sentence, he said that this kind of music is only available in heaven, and it smells bad on earth, thus praising the superb beauty of Chengdu music.

For famous songs, later generations often quote these two sentences to praise. In the novel Return of Colorful Clouds, after singing the songs chosen by her husband, Tao said, "Tonight is a perfect match, so it is called Song Ji! Ahem! No wonder the ancients said:' this song should only be in the sky, and the world can listen to it several times'! " Du Fu of Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night likes rain and knows the season. When spring comes, it will be born.

Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently. The night is dark and the river is bright.

Xiao sees the red and wet place, and the flowers in Jinguan City are heavy. [Note] 1, yes: yes.

2. Occurrence: Promote plant growth. 3, dive: secretly, quietly.

4. Moisturize: nourish plants with rain. 5. Path: A path in the country.

6, flower weight: flowers are full and heavy because of rain. 7. Jinguan City: another name for Chengdu.

[Analysis] This is a poem that describes and praises the spring rain. The word "hi" in the title controls the whole article.

There are eight sentences in the poem, although there is not a word "hi", but the poet's joy is beyond words. The first couplet is about the arrival of spring rain: "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes", and the word "good" expresses the poet's praise for spring rain.

Spring is the season when plants germinate and grow. When it needs to rain, it begins to rain. The poet praised Chun Yu's understanding with personification, as if he understood people's wishes.

Zhuan Xu described the characteristics of spring rain: "Sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently." It is accompanied by the warm spring breeze, quietly floating on the earth in the night, constantly dense, silently moistening everything, Dont Ask For Help knows, and has no intention of pleasing.

Spring rain has such a noble character that poets like it even more. The neck couplet wrote a rainy scene on a spring night: "The night road is black and the river boat is bright."

The poet hopes that it will rain enough. When he opened the door, he saw that the sky was overcast and the ground was so dark that he couldn't even see the path clearly. Only the fishing fire on the boat in the river showed a little light. The couplet "Look at the red and wet place at dawn, flowers weigh heavily on Jinguan City" is the poet's imagination: at dawn the next day after the spring rain, the whole Jinguan City must be a scene of flowers, and the wet, heavy and red flowers must be more attractive.

If the flowers are like this, the crops in that field will surely grow sturdily. Spring rain has brought vitality to the earth and brought people the hope of a bumper harvest. How can a poet not praise? Li Bai is hard to scream? Sword? Are you happy? At a loss Delayed suggestion, 2 washing dams, 6 h arc mosquitoes? Is this resistance to feeding? Hey? Swing? ㄈㄈㄈㄉㄉㄉㄉㄉㄉㄉㄉㄉㄉㄉㄉㄉ The tip of the courtyard? What happened to my sauce? Slow down? Ring coke sink? Am I too bitter? Cover? Hey? Grazing harmonic? Hey? Uh-huh; Ping Zi? Are you afraid of bad mold? Rejection? Have you finished the crappy gadolinium test? Are you arrogant and friends? Silkworm ⅲ? Allow me to mention you. ぬ No performance? Wei Wei asked the terrier class to bark? F rock is out of reach.

Nothing can be heard except the cries of birds surrounded by ancient forests. The male bird rotates smoothly and follows the female bird. Jathyapple, what comes to us is the melancholy voice of Du Fu, a sad empty mountain.

It's hard to get through the Shu Road, and it's hard to get to the sky, and it turns pale when you smell it. The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven, and the withered pine trees hang low on the cliff surface.

One thousand waterfalls rushed forward one after another, sending out the thunder of rotating stones in ten thousand valleys. If the risk is the same, people from afar will come to you! Although the pass of the watchtower is strong and steep, one person guards it and ten thousand people can't beat it.

What if he is not loyal, but a wolf to his companions? . There are scary hungry tigers during the day and poisonous reptiles at night.

With their teeth and fangs, they kill like hemp. Although the Silk City is beautiful, I'd rather go home soon.

It's hard to get through the Shu Road, but it's hard to get into the sky. Look sideways to the west and ask for advice! Appreciate this poem of Li Bai, according to his rich life experience in Sichuan, gallop his rich imagination, and try his best to paint a picture of mountains and rivers in Sichuan with vivid language, exaggerated techniques and amazing images, showing the magnificent scenery of the motherland's nature. The whole poem is well-structured, distinct and unpredictable. It adapts to the needs of content, constantly changes sentence patterns and rhythms, and makes the momentum of poetry more free and unrestrained, vigorous and powerful.

"it is hard to go ascended to the sky" appeared three times in the poem, which highlighted the lyrical tone and melody of the whole poem and enhanced the artistic effect of "I moved and my soul flew". At the same time, the length of the poem is unlimited, and the brushwork of uneven is bold, which also strongly expresses the poet's surging patriotism.

Looking for flowers by the river, Du Fu's yellow silk family is full of flowers, and thousands of flowers are low. The butterflies in the flowers are dancing, and the soft yinger in freedom is just singing happily.

[Note] 1. Walk alone: To walk or walk alone. 2. Path (xρ): Path.

3. Jiao: Cute. 4. Cha-cha: I happened to meet you.

Speaking of birdsong. 5, stay: I am reluctant to leave.

This poem is used to describe butterflies flying around among flowers, reluctant to part. "Liulian" is a conjunction.

The two words that make up Lian Mian's Ci only record the pronunciation of the word, which has nothing to do with the meaning. Therefore, a Lian Mian Ci may be written in several different ways, such as "lingering" and "lingering", but the meaning of the word is still the same. [Analysis] Du Fu, a poet in the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Suzong (AD 760), lived in Chengdu, Sichuan, and built a thatched cottage on the banks of Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs. He has a place to live for the time being and feels more comfortable.

In the spring season, he walked alone by the river to enjoy the flowers and wrote a set of seven-line quatrains, the sixth of which. The first sentence "Huang Siniang's home is full of flowers" points out the place to find flowers.

A "path" is a path. "Flowers are all over the path" means that many flowers cover the path and connect it.

The second sentence is "a thousand flowers are low." "A hundred flowers blossom" describes a large number.

The words "pressure" and "low" in "Pressing branches low" are used very aptly and vividly, which vividly describes the density of spring flowers.