Who are the three emperors and five emperors respectively?

Huang San refers to Suirenshi, Fuxi and Shennong; The Five Emperors refer to the Yellow Emperor, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao and Yu Shun.

Introduction:

Three Emperors and Five Emperors are the general names of "Huang San" and "Five Emperors". The original meaning refers to ancient times (the emperor's, the monarch's and the emperor's), and Fu Jia is called "Huang San". In the original sense, the Five Emperors refer to the five ancient gods, and later five ancient tribal leaders, including the Yellow Emperor Gongsun Xuanyuan, were added as the Five Emperors. ?

Historical origin:

Huang San

Huang San, the names of the emperor, the Yellow Emperor and Tai Huang, were first recorded in Records of the First Qin Shihuang. Terrain Surrounded by a River Map: "Heaven and earth are beginning to stand, and there is an emperor's family, living in isolation from nature and sharing the same (north) pole". At the beginning of heaven and earth, there was an emperor, who was the same as the North Pole and had a very lofty position. "History of Taoism": "The things of the former emperors, the former Huangdi and the former emperors are too old. As the saying goes, things can't be pushed." The later works supplemented the former and later Huang San on the basis of ancient Huang San in the original sense, so there were the former Huang San, the middle Huang San and the later Huang San, which became the nine emperors.

Five legendary rulers

"Emperor" originally refers to the Five Gods, but it was changed to the name of a historical figure in the world after the Warring States Period (some people say it was the Han Dynasty). The five gods are collectively called the myth of the five emperors. There are five emperors in Zhou Li, Diqing Zun in the east, Chi Di Anger in the south, Huangdi Hub in the middle, Baidi in the west and Ye Guangji in Hei Di in the north. Tai Hao in the east, Yan Di in the south, Shaoluo in the west, Zhuan Xu in the north and Huangdi in the middle are the five gods of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The "Five Emperors" supplemented by later generations have the following different ancient history systems:

Terrain Surrounded by a River Map: "Heaven and earth are beginning to stand, and there is an emperor's family, living in isolation from nature and sharing the same (north) pole". Biography of Huang San: "King Mudd of Heaven, taken at the age of". "Pangu Wang Biao": "The emperor began to make a name to determine the age." "Spring and Autumn Life Calendar": "The heavens and the earth are open, and everything is turbid. According to yin and yang, the celestial body begins in the field of the North Pole, the terrain begins in the sky of Kunlun, and the morning glory begins in the five latitudes of the sun, the moon and the sun. Forty-five thousand years, the sun, the moon and the five latitudes take turns. When the emperor went out, he called it' defense against five', and the thirteen brothers continued to rule each other. " Ride the wind and rain to catch the sun and the moon. "In the quotations, the emperor's brothers walked with the sun and the moon, and the emperor, together with his allied brothers and the five stars of the sun and the moon, opened the history of Chinese civilization." "Yi Wei Tong Gua Yan Bu": "Emperor's family comes first, and Yao Gan is virtuous". It is said that Dizu was born before the creation of heaven and earth, and combined with Qiyao, that is, his identity was extremely lofty. "Spring and Autumn" Zuo Zhuan ":"Purple Palace is the dazzling treasure of emperors. "The Emperor of the Century": "Tai Shang Huang (for) Bao, Emperor Huang is Tianyi, and Ren Huang is Taiyi. Historical Records of Qin Shihuang: There were emperors, Huangdi and Tai Huang in ancient times. Supplement to Historical Records and Biographies of Huang San: Emperor, Huangdi and Ren Huang.

In the earliest ancient historical legends in China, the Three Emperors and Five Emperors were widely circulated. After the great cultural integration of Qin and Han dynasties, the theory of three emperors and five emperors went down in history. The original meaning of "emperor" also includes "greatness" and "beauty", which are not nouns. At the end of the Warring States period, because the word "emperor" of God was used as the title of master, the word "emperor" was used to address God, such as the western emperor, the eastern emperor and God in Chu Ci. At that time, it was also called "Huang San" under the names of emperors, Huangdi and Tai Huang. There are also three emperors and five emperors in Zhou Li, Lv Chunqiu and Zhuangzi. Guanzi explains the different meanings of emperor, emperor, king and tyrant, but its name has not been confirmed.

"Emperor" originally refers to the heavenly emperor, and the five emperors are the five gods, namely Di Qing in the east, Chi Di in the south, Huangdi, the hub in the middle, Baidi in the west and Ye Guangji in Hei Di in the north. Later, five ancient tribal leaders such as Xuanyuan and Shennong were added as "Five Emperors". The name of the ancient tribal leader "Five Emperors" did not appear in Mencius' era. He only mentioned "Three Kings and Five Overlords" in his book. Only in Xunzi did the word "five emperors" come before "three kings", but no one named them. Only Yao, Shun, Yu and Tang are called "Four Emperors" in On Soldiers. There is a saying in Sun Tzu's Art of War that "the Yellow Emperor is superior to the Four Emperors", which seems to be called the Four Emperors and Five Emperors (but Mei said that the word "emperor" was a mistake of "army"). Both Guanzi and Zhuangzi mentioned "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" many times, neither of which refers to their real names. Twelve ancient emperors and other ancient emperors mentioned repeatedly in the book are listed in Zhuangzi, 15 in Tamia Liu and 26 in Yizhoushu. ?

The Three Emperors and Five Emperors were the legendary "emperors" in China before the Xia Dynasty. Now it seems that they are all tribal leaders, and they have become the leaders of tribal alliances because of their strength. Qin Shihuang used the "emperor" of Huang San and the "emperors" of the five emperors to form the "emperor" to show his lofty status.

Huang San

Three outstanding tribal leaders in ancient Han legends: Suirenshi, Fu and Shennong Suirenshi.

Nianren: The ancient tribal leader of China, referred to as Nianren for short, was addressed as "Huang Sui" or "Huang Sui". According to legend, Yune, a native of Ming Dynasty (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), was the husband of Hua Xushi, the father of Fuxi and Nuwa. He drilled wood for fire in Shangqiu, Henan, and taught people to cook. He is the inventor of man-made fire in China, ending the history of ancient human eating and drinking blood, creating the myth of ancient civilization in China, and reflecting the evolution from using natural fire to artificial fire in China's primitive times. "Biography of Shangshu" said: "Sui people are emperors, Fuxi is emperors, and Shennong is agricultural emperors. So people follow fire, fire, sun, sun. Yang Zun, so he asked the emperor to go to heaven. " He is a mythical hero who benefits the people with wisdom, courage and perseverance.

Fu Xishi

Fuxi is the ancestor of humanity in the ancient legends of the Chinese nation, the earliest recorded king in China ancient books, and one of the founders of China medicine. According to legend, Fuxi, the first snake, married Nuwa's younger brother and sister and gave birth to a child. According to the changes of everything in the world, he invented and created divination gossip, created characters, and ended the history of "tying ropes and taking notes" He also tied ropes into nets to catch birds and hunt, taught people how to fish and hunt, invented musical instruments and composed music. Fuxi died11years later, leaving a lot of myths and legends about Fuxi. ?

Shennong

Shennong, one of the ancient Huang San in China, is the inventor of agriculture, medicine and human tea in Han folklore. He tasted all kinds of herbs and taught people medicine and farming. Because of these two important contributions, they are honored by the world as "King of Medicine", "King of Grain", "Emperor of Grain" and "Emperor of Shennong". They are the gods in charge of medicine and agriculture, which can not only protect the agricultural harvest and people's health, but also be regarded as the patron saint by Yiguang and drugstore. ?

Five legendary rulers

Five tribal leaders in ancient Han legends, namely Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun.

Yellow Emperor

Huangdi (2765438 BC+07 BC-2599 BC): the leader of the ancient tribal alliance in China and the leader of the ancient Chinese nation in China. The first of the five emperors. Known as China's "ancestor of mankind". According to legend, he is the son of Shao Dianhe, whose real name is Gongsun, and later changed his surname to Ji Xuanyuan. I live in the hill of Xuanyuan, named Xuanyuan, and there are bears in the capital, also known as Xiongshi. Others call it "Di Hong's". History shows that the Yellow Emperor was named after his virtue. The great achievements of the Yellow Emperor in unifying Chinese tribes and conquering Dongyi and Jiuli nationalities go down in history. During the reign of the Yellow Emperor, he planted hundreds of crops and plants, vigorously developed production, and began to make clothes, build ships and cars, make music and create medicine. ?

zhuanxu

His real name is Huang Gan, Levin, grandson of the Yellow Emperor, son of Chang Yi, leader of ancient tribal alliance in China, and one of the "Five Emperors". In the legend of the gods, he is also called Hei Di or Xuan Di, who is the god in charge of the north. Zhuan Xu started from poor mulberry, moved to Shangqiu, and then lived in Diqiu. Mandarin Chu says that Zhuan Xu came to power after Shao Hao. Liezi also said the same thing: "In a rage, the government and Confucianism fought for the emperor, and touched the mountain of failure, and the sky fell to the northwest, and the sun, the moon and the stars disappeared." The land is not satisfied with the southeast, and all rivers flow backwards. "According to the myth of Shan Hai Jing Ye Dong Jing, Shao Hao raised Zhuan Xu in the East China Sea. Later, Yu (Shun), Xia, Qin and Chu all became his descendants, one of the two departments under and side by side with the Yellow Emperor, and one of the humanistic ancestors of the Chinese nation. ?

Di Ku

Di Ku (), surnamed Ji, born in Mingjun (), is one of the five emperors. China, born in Gaoxin, was a famous tribal alliance leader in ancient times. The prototype of the Emperor of Heaven in Shan Hai Jing and other ancient books is Di Ku. /kloc-was named Xin Hou at the age of 0/5, and was enthroned by Zen at the age of 30, and was named Gao Xin. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, he was listed as the third emperor among the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", that is, the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, who inherited Yanhuang in the past and initiated Yao and Shun later, laying the foundation for China and being the ancestor of the Chinese nation. It is considered by the Shang clan to be its ancestor.

Yao (the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late period of the patriarchal clan society in ancient China)

Yao, a native of the Tang Dynasty (now Yaodu District, Linfen, Shanxi), was the leader of the ancient tribal alliance. Mother Chen's son is one of the "Five Emperors". At the age of thirteen, he assisted the younger brother's imperial system and sealed it in pottery. At the age of fifteen, he was renamed Tang and named Tao. At the age of eighteen, Yao was the son of heaven, and they were all in Puban. Yao Li has been successful for seventy years. Twenty years later, Yao Lao and Shun replaced Yao in power, and Yao gave way, and died twenty-eight years later. Yao inherited his father's throne and created the "abdication system".

The name of the emperor

The leader of the ancient tribal alliance in China. He was honored as the emperor by later generations and included in the "Five Emperors". According to legend, the surname is Yao, the name is Zhonghua, and the word is Jun. Born in Zhucheng. Yao's abdication is the leader of the Yu family. Honorary titles are: Shun Di (Shun Di), Dashun and Yu Shun. It is mentioned in Bamboo Slips of Tsinghua and Baoxun in the Warring States Period that Yu Shun inherited the "Mean Way": "If you measure the things of Yin and Yang, you will get the middle." The Historical Records of the Five Emperors says that "all the world's fame and virtue began in Shun Di." Through the textual research of The Boy Asked Yi, we can see that he is a good diviner. The thought of virtue and Taoism in the Book of Changes originated from Shun, which is called one of the five saints in the development history of the Book of Changes. There are more than 300 million descendants in the world today, and the most filial and intimate associations in the world (including Chen, Yao, Yu, Hu, Yuan, Tian, Wang, Lu, Xia and Che) include surnames. ?

Basically, no matter according to myths and legends or historical records, people think that Huang San lived before the Five Emperors. But different historians have different definitions of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors". Huang San has five theories, and so do the five emperors.