History of Middle East War

The Middle East War (between Israel and Arab countries)

The First Middle East War 1948

The Second Middle East War 1956

The Third Middle East War 1967

The Fourth Middle East War 1973

The Fifth Middle East War 1982

Historical background

3000 years ago, the ancestors of Jews settled in Palestine. 1 century later, the Roman Empire invaded and Jews scattered all over the world. Since then, Palestine has been inhabited by Arabs. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, a large number of Jews moved to Palestine one after another to prepare for the restoration of the country. From 65438 to 0947, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution stipulating the establishment of two independent States, Arab and Israel, in Palestine. The Jews agreed to this resolution, and the State of Israel was established in 1948. The Arabs opposed the resolution and did not establish an Arab country. As a result, there were four Arab-Israeli wars. Israel has continuously occupied all the territories belonging to Arab countries.

Excerpted from http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4% B8% AD% E4% B8% 9c% E6% 88% 98% E4% BA% 89.

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The Middle East is a customary name used by western countries to refer to eastern countries close to Europe, such as Egypt in West Asia and North Africa. The so-called "Middle East War" refers to the large-scale war between Arab countries and Israel in the Middle East from 1948 to 1982, which is the longest war after the Second World War. Arab countries refer to countries with a majority of Arab nationalities, mainly distributed in Asia, North Africa and the Middle East. Israel is a country founded by Jews. The dispute between the Arab world and Israel has a long history. Historically, both the Arab nation and the Jewish nation have established countries in the Palestinian region (between the Mediterranean Sea, the Dead Sea and the Jordan River). In the 30th century BC, Canaanites originally in Arabian Peninsula moved to the coastal areas of Palestine, where they settled peacefully. In the 3rd century BC/KLOC-0, the Hebrew ancestors of the Jews conquered the Canaanites and established the Hebrew Kingdom in Palestine. Since then, Palestine has been conquered by Persian Empire, Greece, Rome, Turkey and other foreign nations, and Jews have been forced to flow around the world. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, the Zionist movement rose, advocating that Jews scattered around the world return to Palestine and establish a Jewish-dominated country. Britain occupied Palestine. At that time, there were 660,000 Arabs and only 90,000 Jews in this area, but Britain and the United States strongly supported the Zionist movement in order to control the Palestinian area and the Suez River. Under their planning, Jews who settled all over the world moved to Palestine in large numbers. Since then, the Arab-Israeli national contradictions have deepened and bloodshed has occurred continuously. 1947165438+1On October 29th, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution under the control of the United States and Britain to establish an Arab state and a Jewish state in Palestine, and Jerusalem was divided between the two countries. The Arab world widely opposed this resolution, but it did not establish an Arab country and resolutely opposed the Jewish state. 1949 On May 4th, the Jews announced the establishment of the State of Israel in the Palestinian area. 15 On May 5th, the first Middle East war broke out between Arab countries and Israel, and the Arab countries were defeated as a result. Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon have successively signed armistice agreements with Israel. Many problems left behind after the war gradually triggered the second, third, fourth and fifth Middle East wars. It was not until 1989 "Palestinian State" was finally established that the Middle East issue, especially the issue of Palestinian statehood, came to an end.

The First Middle East War

Also known as the "Palestinian War". 1948, 14 At midnight in May, with the support of the United States and Britain, Israel was established in accordance with United Nations resolutions, which aroused strong opposition from Arab countries. The next morning, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq declared war on Israel. The war went on and off for more than nine months, and under the mediation of the United Nations, there was a total armistice on July 20, 1949. Through this war, Israel occupied 4/5 of the Palestinian land, reaching 20,700 square kilometers, 6,700 square kilometers more than the area of the Jewish state stipulated in the UN resolution, and expelled 960,000 Palestinians. The war left behind "border issues" and "refugee issues", which laid the groundwork for the outbreak of future wars.

The Second Middle East War

Also known as the Suez Canal War. 1956 On July 26th, the Egyptian government announced that it would nationalize the Suez Canal from the British and French colonists. In the same year1October 29th, 165438+ Israel invaded the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt at the instigation of Britain and France. 3 1, Britain and France launched an attack on Egypt on the pretext of "defending the freedom and safety of navigation in the canal". With the solidarity and support of the people of the world, the Egyptian army and people put up a tenacious resistance. There are contradictions between the United States, Britain and France in this war. British and French troops withdrew from Egyptian territory on February 22nd, 1957, and all Israeli troops withdrew from Egypt in March. The war ended in the defeat of the invaders.

The Third Middle East War

Also known as the June 5th War. After the Second Middle East War, Israel was unwilling to fail and never forgot to seek revenge. Nasser, the general manager of Egypt, was careless in the face of victory, blinded by the Soviet Union and failed to remain vigilant against Israel. 1On June 5, 967, with the support of the United States, Israel suddenly launched an attack on Egypt, Syria and Jordan under the pretext of Egypt's blockade of the Gulf of Aqaba. Nearly 300 Egyptian combat aircraft were destroyed on the ground in the large-scale air raid by the Israeli Air Force. Under the cover of losing the air force, the Egyptian army was hit hard by the Israeli army. Then, Syria and Jordan were suddenly attacked by the Israeli air force, a large number of aircraft were damaged, and the army also lost one after another. The Arab people's war against aggression suffered serious setbacks. On June 7th and 8th, the UN Security Council passed two resolutions, and Egypt, Syria and Jordan were forced to accept an unconditional "ceasefire" after losing a large area of land. During the Six-Day War, Israel occupied the West Bank, the Jordan area of Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip, the Syrian Golan Heights and the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula, forcing 500,000 Arabs to become refugees.

The Fourth Middle East War

Also known as "October War" or "Ramadan War" and "Yom Kippur War". 197310/0. On 6 October, Egypt and Syria concentrated 5 1000 ground troops and main naval and air forces to launch a surprise attack on the Sinai Peninsula (western line) and the Golan Heights (northern line) occupied by the Israeli army. On the same day, the Egyptian army crossed the Suez Canal, destroyed the "Balaf" line of defense of the Israeli army on the 8th, and recovered the lost ground of the troops. Syrian troops have also attacked lake tiberias. Faced with the unfavorable situation at the beginning of the war, Israel quickly mobilized its reserve forces, increasing the total strength to 400,000. Determined to focus on the northern line first, concentrate on using the main air force to carry out air strikes on Syrian positions and turn the three divisions into counterattacks. After fierce fighting, the Syrian army was quickly defeated. Subsequently, on 16, Israeli reconnaissance commandos disguised themselves as Egyptian troops, went deep into the rear of the Egyptian army, wantonly destroyed the Sam -6 anti-aircraft missile position of the Egyptian army, opened up an air corridor for the Israeli air force, and the follow-up troops of the Israeli army took advantage of the gap to cross the canal, set up a bridgehead in the west bank, and broke into the hinterland of Egypt, forming a siege situation on the third army of the Egyptian army, and the war situation suddenly reversed. 10 year 10 On October 22nd, the UN Security Council passed a resolution demanding that both sides cease fire on the spot. Egypt and Israel agreed to a ceasefire on the 22nd, and Syria agreed to a ceasefire on the 24th. Since then, two disengagement agreements have been signed in Sinai.

The Fifth Middle East War

Also known as the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. 1On June 6, 982, Israel invaded Lebanon by land, sea and air on the pretext of attacking the Palestine Liberation Organization. As of June 1 1, Israeli forces occupied 2,800 square kilometers of Lebanese land south of the international road from Beirut to Damascus. The base of the Palestine Liberation Organization in this area was completely destroyed and the main force of the armed forces suffered heavy losses. The Syrian army stationed in the Bekaa Valley was also hit hard by the Israeli Air Force, and Sam's missile facilities and air force suffered heavy losses. On June 1 1, Syria and Israel reached a ceasefire agreement. Then, Israel mobilized heavy troops to surround and attack the west area of Beirut, where the PLO headquarters is located, for more than two months. After that, under the mediation of the United Nations and the supervision of peacekeeping forces, the PLO headquarters and its more than 10,000 armed personnel had to be evacuated from Beirut and dispersed to eight Arab countries, including Tunisia. More than 65,438+0,000 Syrian troops in Beirut also withdrew at the same time.

Respondent: Jimmie-tongjinshi was born in Grade 710-19 at 22: 03.