The Historical Evolution of Qufu City, Jining City, Shandong Province

Qufu is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, 0/35km from Jinan, the provincial capital, to the north and 45km from Jining to the southwest. It is located in Taidai in the north, in the east of Surabaya in the south and in Yanzhou in the west. The geographical coordinates are11651'-1713' and 35 29'-35 49' north latitude. The maximum longitudinal distance from north to south is 35.8 kilometers, and the maximum lateral distance from east to west is 25 kilometers, with a total area of 895.93 square kilometers. Qufu, the Holy City of the East, is listed as one of the first historical and cultural cities in China, because it is the place where Confucius, a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism, was born, lectured, buried and sacrificed by later generations, and also the birthplace of Confucius' students and Mencius, another great thinker and educator in China. Qufu is the source, root and pioneer of Confucianism, and it is one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities in the State Council. With a long history, numerous cultural relics and historical sites, pleasant climate, fertile land, beautiful scenery, outstanding people, rich resources and developed transportation, it is a treasure land in central and southern Shandong. Historical evolution In 249 BC, Lu County was established when Chu destroyed Lu, and it was named Qufu in early 596. The word "Qufu" first appeared in the Book of Rites: "When the king became king, he respected Zhou Gong in the world, so he respected Zhou Gong in Qufu." "Erya" explains the name: "The mainland is rich." Ying Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty explained: "Qufu is in Lucheng, seven or eight miles long." This is the origin of Qufu's name. Qufu, a famous historical and cultural city in China, is the birthplace of China's ancient emperors, the ancient capital of Yin and Shang Dynasties, the capital of Zhou and Han Dynasties, and the hometown of Confucius, a famous thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. She is famous at home and abroad for her long history and splendid ancient oriental culture. In China's long feudal society, it has always been a holy city in people's minds, and has been praised by westerners as "Jerusalem of the East". The word "Qufu" first appeared in the Book of Rites: "When the king became king, he respected Zhou Gong in the world, so he respected Zhou Gong in Qufu." "Erya" explains the name: "The mainland is rich." Ying Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty explained: "Qufu is in Lucheng, seven or eight miles long." This is the origin of Qufu's name. As early as ancient times, human ancestors lived and worked in Qufu area, which opened the early material civilization. During the excavation of cultural relics from 4300 BC to 2400 BC, a large number of relics of Dawenkou Culture and Longshan Culture were discovered. According to ancient records, 4000 or 5000 years ago, this was the "blind date family market" where Shennong's camp in Yan Di lived. Du Yu noted: "A family of friends is called Lucheng in ancient times, and Lu is the treasury." "Emperor Century" records: "Shennong is also surnamed Jiang, ... has a virtue, fire is king, so it is called Yan Di. At the beginning, Chen (now Huaiyang) moved back to Shandong. " At the end of the 27th century BC, Xuanyuan Huangdi, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, was born in Shouqiu, Qufu. "The Emperor's Century" said: "The Yellow Emperor was born in Shouqiu and was good at saving water. Because of thinking about his surname, he lives in the hill of Xuanyuan and thinks about his name. " Geography of the Book of Jin also said: "The Yellow Emperor was born in Shouqiu, but both of them were born in Zhuolu". After the Yellow Emperor, Shao Hao once established his capital in Qufu. According to legend, Shao Hao died at the age of 84 and lived to the age of 100. He was buried in Yunyang Mountain, Shouqiu, northeast of Qufu City, with two emperors and three kings (Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang,), Duke Zhou and Confucius. Four of the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" handed down from ancient China left traces of activities in Qufu, creating a developed ancient civilization. Around 2 1 century BC, Qufu belonged to Xuzhou, one of the nine continents in the ancient Yao and Shun era. In Shang Dynasty after16th century BC, Qufu was the capital of the country and was once the capital of Shang Dynasty. BC 1066, King Wu of the Western Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, sealed his younger brother and kingdom Zaifu in Qufu, where he died, and established the National Lu. Lu is the golden age in Qufu history, and it is the most developed city in China except Haojing, the capital of Zhou Dynasty. Especially in the late Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius, a famous thinker and educator, gathered in Lu to give lectures, and Lu became the national education center. Lu culture is highly developed, so people still use "Lu" as the abbreviation of Shandong Province. In 223 BC, Qin destroyed Chu and Lu Xian entered Qin. In the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 1 year BC), China was unified and the county system was implemented. Xue Lu County originally belonged to Qufu and later to Xuzhou. In the third year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (BC 154), Emperor Liu Qi of the Han Dynasty changed the king of Huainan to the king of Lu, making Lu County its capital. King Lu built a large-scale, magnificent and luxurious building complex on the site of Zhou Lu Palace north of Panshui in Lunan Palace. In order to expand the area of the palace, when he demolished the former residence of Confucius in Kuili, he found the ancient classic bamboo slips collected by Confucius, such as Shangshu, Analects of Confucius, Book of Songs and Yili, which enabled Confucius' thoughts to spread and spread. In the fourth year of Emperor Wendi (584), Lu County was changed to "Wenyang", and it was changed to Lu County after the demise of Lu State. By the end of, Qufu took "Lu" as the county name, which lasted for 833 years. In the16th year of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the county was named Qufu and Qufu, which have been used as geographical terms for thousands of years and are still in use today. During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, although Qufu was no longer the administrative center of southern Shandong, it was still valued because it was the hometown of Confucius, a "sage". Through "Zhenguan Governance" and "Kaiyuan Prosperity", Qufu's culture and economy have also developed unprecedentedly. In the late Tang Dynasty, only the Confucius family produced six champions and fourteen champions. Yuan Xian County in Song Dynasty is the third ancient city in Qufu history after Zhou and Han Lucheng. Due to the worship of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, ministers and scholars worshiped Huangdi, Shao Hao, Duke Zhou and Confucius in an endless stream, and the cultural atmosphere was very mellow. During this period, the Confucius Temple was named Dacheng Hall, and a stone instrument was built in front of Confucius' tomb. Overhaul Shao Hao's tomb, and erect a stone tablet of "Worrying for Ten Thousand People". In the second year of Jianyan in Song Gaozong (1 129), the Jin army invaded and turned the county buildings, temples and a large number of precious books built in Qufu in the Northern Song Dynasty into ashes. Yuan Xian County was ruled by Jin people, and the old name of Qufu County was restored. Qufu has experienced four major changes in history. The last time was in the middle of Ming Dynasty. In the sixth year of Zheng De (157 1), the peasant uprising army led by Liu Liu and Liu Qi, Hebei Province, "destroyed hundreds of houses in Qufu, burned down the temple and ruled the county as the city". Zhu Houzun, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, ordered the Governor of Shandong to rebuild a new county, the existing Ming Dynasty old city, centered on the Confucius Temple in the southwest corner of the old city of Shandong. The local organizational system in Qufu in Qing Dynasty was similar to that in Ming Dynasty. The emperors of Qing Dynasty made more than 65,438+00 pilgrimages to Qufu, and scholars and poets came to Qufu, leaving behind a hard-won cultural heritage. Qufu, a famous historical and cultural city in China, is the birthplace of China's ancient emperors, the ancient capital of Yin and Shang Dynasties, the capital of Zhou and Han Dynasties, and the hometown of Confucius, a famous thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. She is famous at home and abroad for her long history and splendid ancient oriental culture. In China's long feudal society, it has always been a holy city in people's minds, and has been praised by westerners as "Jerusalem of the East". The word "Qufu" first appeared in the Book of Rites: "When the king became king, he respected Zhou Gong in the world, so he respected Zhou Gong in Qufu." "Erya" explains the name: "The mainland is rich." Ying Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty explained: "Qufu is in Lucheng, seven or eight miles long." This is the origin of Qufu's name. As early as ancient times, human ancestors lived and worked in Qufu area, which opened the early material civilization. During the excavation of cultural relics from 4300 BC to 2400 BC, a large number of relics of Dawenkou Culture and Longshan Culture were discovered. According to ancient records, 4000 or 5000 years ago, this was the "blind date family market" where Shennong's camp in Yan Di lived. Du Yu noted: "A family of friends is called Lucheng in ancient times, and Lu is the treasury." "Emperor Century" records: "Shennong is also surnamed Jiang, ... has a virtue, fire is king, so it is called Yan Di. At the beginning, Chen (now Huaiyang) moved back to Shandong. " Four of the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" handed down from ancient China left traces of activities in Qufu, creating a developed ancient civilization. Around 2 1 century BC, Qufu belonged to Xuzhou, one of the nine continents in the ancient Yao and Shun era. In Shang Dynasty after16th century BC, Qufu was the capital of the country and was once the capital of Shang Dynasty. BC 1066, King Wu of the Western Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, sealed his younger brother and kingdom Zaifu in Qufu, where he died, and established the National Lu. Lu is the golden age in Qufu history, and it is the most developed city in China except Haojing, the capital of Zhou Dynasty. Especially in the late Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius, a famous thinker and educator, gathered in Lu to give lectures, and Lu became the national education center. Lu culture is highly developed, so people still use "Lu" as the abbreviation of Shandong Province. In 223 BC, Qin destroyed Chu and Lu Xian entered Qin. In the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 1 year BC), China was unified and the county system was implemented. Xue Lu County originally belonged to Qufu and later to Xuzhou. In the third year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty (BC 154), Liu Qi, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, changed the king of Huainan to the king of Lu, making Lu County his capital. King Lu built a large-scale, magnificent and luxurious building complex on the site of Zhou Lu Palace north of Panshui in Lunan Palace. In order to expand the area of the palace, he found the ancient classic bamboo slips collected by Confucius, such as Shangshu, Analects of Confucius, Book of Songs and Yili, when he demolished the former residence of Confucius in Queli, which made Confucius' thoughts spread and popularized. In the fourth year of Emperor Wendi (584), Lu County was changed to "Wenyang", and it was changed to Lu County after the demise of Lu State. By the end of, Qufu took "Lu" as the county name, which lasted for 833 years. In the16th year of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the county was named Qufu and Qufu, which have been used as geographical terms for thousands of years and are still in use today. During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, although Qufu was no longer the administrative center of southern Shandong, it was still valued because it was the hometown of Confucius, a "sage". Through "Zhenguan Governance" and "Kaiyuan Prosperity", Qufu's culture and economy have also developed unprecedentedly. In the late Tang Dynasty, only the Confucius family produced six champions and fourteen champions. Yuan Xian County in Song Dynasty is the third ancient city in Qufu history after Zhou and Han Lucheng. Due to the worship of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, ministers and scholars worshiped Huangdi, Shao Hao, Duke Zhou and Confucius in an endless stream, and the cultural atmosphere was very mellow. During this period, the Confucius Temple was named Dacheng Hall, and a stone instrument was built in front of Confucius' tomb. Overhaul Shao Hao's tomb, and erect a stone tablet of "Worrying for Ten Thousand People". In the second year of Jianyan in Song Gaozong (1 129), the Jin army invaded and turned the county buildings, temples and a large number of precious books built in Qufu in the Northern Song Dynasty into ashes. Yuan Xian County was ruled by Jin people, and the old name of Qufu County was restored. Qufu has experienced four major changes in history. The last time was in the middle of Ming Dynasty. In the sixth year of Zheng De (157 1), the peasant uprising army led by Liu Liu and Liu Qi, Hebei Province, "destroyed hundreds of houses in Qufu, burned down the temple and ruled the county as the city". Zhu Houzhao, the Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty, ordered the Shandong Governor to rebuild a new county, namely the existing Ming Old City, in the southwest corner of the old city of Lu, centering on the Confucius Temple. The local organizational system in Qufu in Qing Dynasty was similar to that in Ming Dynasty. The Qing emperor made more than 65,438+00 pilgrimages to Qufu, and scholars and poets came to Qufu, leaving a cultural heritage for Qufu. After the founding of New China, Qufu ushered in a new era. 1953, Qufu was changed to Jining organization, 1958 merged with Ziyang, and it was still named Qufu County. 1962, Qu and Zi divided and ruled, and the original organizational system was restored. 1983, Jining institution was changed to Qufu, a provincial city. 1June, 986, with the approval of the State Council, the county system was abolished and changed to a county-level city under the provincial jurisdiction, formerly known as Qufu City, which was managed by Jining City.