Historical records of four Huai medicines

In the pre-Qin, Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties, local governments all paid tribute to the court for four kinds of Huai medicine. In 734 BC, he paid tribute to the Zhou royal family with yam. In 7 18 BC, Gong Xuan of Wei paid tribute to the Zhou Emperor, and it has been nearly 3000 years. Tracing back to the source, Huai is the proper name of Wu Zhi. "Dayu controls water, and his talents are not met." Qinhuai belongs to Jizhou. Huai refers to Wu Zhi who is embraced by the Yellow River and Qinhe River. Zhou set up Huaiyi, which is the fief of Su Fensheng. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Huaiyi belonged to Wei, Lu, Zheng, Wei and Qin, and all paid tribute to yam and rehmannia in Huaiyi and Qinhuai. Since 22 1 year BC, Huai county, Hanoi county and Huai state have been established successively in Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties. Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty (Liu Xiu) set out to shovel Wang Mang, built a palace in Huai County, known as Huaidu in history, offered sacrifices to Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Taizong and Sejong, and sent troops to conquer Luoyang. After making Luoyang its capital, Liu Xiu still took Huaicheng as his palace and often came to Luoyang to inspect and listen to politics. Legend has it that Liu Xiu was chased by Wang Mang's army, and when he fled everywhere, he was poor and sick, and he relied on Huaiyao to save his life many times. Huaiyao is famous all over the world, which is related to Liu Xiu.

The earliest document that called "Huai Ju" for the first time and linked the word "Huai" with "Ju" was the Tang Herbal Illustration promulgated by the Tang government, which said: "Hanoi is called Artemisia. Wu Zhiju is called Huai Ju ". Tang's anonymous "Tianbao Unilateral Map" also said: "Old friends Nanyang Valley and fields. ..... Artemisia, a famous place in Hanoi ". The "Nanyang" mentioned here refers to the counties under the jurisdiction of Jiaozuo City, such as Wuzhi, south of Taihang Mountain and north of Yellow River, and Hanoi is especially pointed out later, which shows the importance attached to local chrysanthemums. The Compendium of Materia Medica compiled by Su Song in the Northern Song Dynasty also said: "Chrysanthemums can be seen everywhere, especially in Nanyang." The "Qin land" mentioned here is the Qinhuai land.

The earliest document that yam is called Dioscorea opposita is "Hand's Treasure Source" written by Gong Yanxian, a medical scientist in Ming Dynasty, and the name of Dioscorea opposita is put forward for the first time. "Shennong Herbal Classic" contains: "Henan yam is good."

The earliest documentary record of the prefix "Huai" in front of Achyranthes bidentata is Su Song's Illustrated Materia Medica in Song Dynasty (106 1 year), in which Su Song pointed out that "Achyranthes bidentata also exists in Jianghuai, Fujian, Guangdong and Guanzhong, but it is not as real as Huaizhou. The name of Achyranthes bidentata was first put forward by Tang Shenwei in the Song Dynasty in "A Materia Medica for Acute Syndrome in Classics and History" (referred to as "A Materia Medica for Acute Syndrome" 1083). Zhang Taiyan's Notes on Materia Medica in Qing Dynasty was called "Achyranthes bidentata".

For the first time, it was Liu, a famous doctor in the Ming Dynasty, who linked Rehmannia glutinosa with the word "Huaiqing". He said that Rehmannia glutinosa "is the winner now". Li Shizhen clearly stated in Compendium of Materia Medica: "Today's people only value Huaiqing Dihuang", saying that Huang Huai can replenish bone marrow, produce essence and blood, nourish five internal organs, dredge blood vessels, benefit eyes and ears, and blacken hair and beard. Then, when were the four kinds of medicinal materials summarized as "Four Huai Drugs"? New Ci Hai published in 1978 explained to Wuzhi County that it is rich in yam, rehmannia, Achyranthes bidentata and chrysanthemum, and is known as the "four Huai medicines". Not only the word "four major huaiyao" was mentioned, but also the abbreviation "huaiyao" was mentioned. The series "Four Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultivation" published during the Seventh Five-Year Plan period said: "According to the biological characteristics, famous experts and professors in China judged that the patterns of yam, Achyranthes bidentata, Rehmannia glutinosa and chrysanthemum depicted in Compendium of Materia Medica were all produced by Huaifu."

Wuzhi County is called Qinhuai in summer, Huaiyi in Zhou and Huaixian in Qin. In the first year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (AD 627), Huaixian was abandoned in Wuzhi, later in Wuzhi Huaizhou, and later belonged to Huaiqing House. Therefore, before the Ming Dynasty, there were four Huai drugs specifically referring to Wu Zhi. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, eight counties in Huaifu gradually produced medicine, which was later called Huaiyao. Before Sui and Tang Dynasties, the four major Huai medicines were planted in Xiaodong, Dafeng and Wude Town of Wenxian County in the west of Wuzhi County, and gradually spread to the surrounding areas with the same water and soil conditions.

Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Tao Hongjing's Bielu of Famous Doctors, Sun Simiao's Preparative Prescription, Su Song's Illustration of Materia Medica, Gong Yanxian's Shou Shi Bao Yuan, Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, Zhang Xichun's Records of Western Medicine Health Care, and Benjing, Ming of Medicinal Properties, Herbal Soup, etc.