The magistrate of the Qing Dynasty was the biggest of several officials.

Shuntianfu is the highest local administrative organ in Beijing, and Fengtianfu is the highest local administrative organ in Beijing. The positions of Shuntian magistrate and Fengtian magistrate are particularly prominent, with positive grades, two or three grades higher than ordinary magistrates.

The Qing dynasty followed the Ming system, and the prefect was subordinate to the four things. However, due to the differences in natural conditions, traffic congestion, busy affairs, population, distance, number of cases and customs of the poor, the words "hurry, complexity, tiredness and difficulty" appeared. Provincial capital or all four words are the most indispensable, three words are indispensable, and two words are lacking, including.

Extended data:

The county magistrate is equivalent to the mayor of a prefecture-level city now. As for its functions and powers, the official record of the Draft of the Qing Dynasty contains: "The magistrate is in charge of county affairs, proclaims rules and regulations, promotes advantages and eliminates disadvantages, and reports traitors. When I was three years old, I checked whether I was an official or not. I was abolished and promoted to a full-time degree. Local governments should let go and get care and permission. "

It means that the cultural, educational, judicial and administrative work of the county under its jurisdiction has no military power, nor can it directly appoint or dismiss local judges. However, having the decision-making power in the triennial examination for magistrates will affect the promotion and appointment of magistrates.

Most of the local officials in Qing Dynasty were Confucian scholars who obtained official positions through imperial examinations. They are proficient in stereotyped writing, but they are not proficient in their jobs. In order to become qualified officials, they have to hire touts who are knowledgeable in writing, accounting and handling legal disputes to help them become officials.

A county magistrate in a big county should employ at least five touts, and a county magistrate should employ at least six touts. These touts can't eat financial meals, so officials must pay for them themselves. Zhang Jian, a famous top scholar industrialist, was a master in his early years, and his employer offered him an annual salary of 120 taels of silver. According to this standard, both the magistrate and the local officials spend about 2000 taels of silver on their masters every year.

In addition to hiring touts, officials have to hire long-term attendants (footmen). Hire a flatterer for work and a long-term employee for face-Qing officials love face very much, and if they don't go out in a sedan chair, they will be laughed at for life.

At that time, unlike now, leaders could be equipped with official cars and drivers were supported by finance. At that time, the official car (sedan chair) had to be bought by itself, and the driver (sedan chair) had to be hired by himself. The imperial court only gives you the policy of what kind of treatment you can spend money on, not what kind of treatment you can get directly.

According to the policy given by the imperial court, the county magistrate needs to hire four or eight bearers (the bearers need to change shifts when they are tired), and the county magistrate needs to hire six or 12 bearers when they sit in a six-person sedan chair.

After hiring the bearers, you have to hire a chef, a porter, an attendant and a seal ... According to the research of Qu Tongzu's book Local Government in Qing Dynasty, during Daoguang years, a magistrate in Guangzhou actually hired 50 long-term workers, each of whom paid 42 yuan for "work and food" every month, which was equivalent to 200 A Liang months and 2,400 A Liang years. If there is a leap month, the cost will be higher.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Official System in Qing Dynasty

People's Daily Online-Calculate the revenue and expenditure account for Guangzhou magistrate in Qing Dynasty: the gray income is tens of thousands of liang.