Please briefly introduce the most successful prime minister in China's history?

Zhang profile

Zhang was born in Huguang Jiangling (now Hubei), also known as Zhang Jiangling. Politicians and reformers in Ming Dynasty.

In the 26th year of Jiajing (1547), he was a scholar, from an editor to a professor of Hanlin affairs. In the first year of Qin Long (1567), he served as the left assistant minister of the official department and a college student in Dongge. Qin Long and high arch together of the time, is the official department minister and build machine hall university student ZaiFu. In the early years of Wanli, he conspired with eunuch Bao Feng to hunt down Gao Gong and recorded it. At that time, Zongshen was still young, and all military and political affairs were in charge of Juzheng. During the period of 10, a series of reform measures were implemented and achieved certain results. He inspected the hidden fields of landlords, implemented the whip law, changed the tax system, and improved the financial situation of the Ming government. Use Qi Jiguang, Li and other famous soldiers to train, strengthen the northern border defense, and guard the border town to pacify; Pan Jixun presided over the governance of Huanghuai, which was also quite effective. In the 10th year of Wanli (1582), he died and presented Zhu Guo and Shi Wenzhong. Shortly after his death, he was attacked by eunuch Rizo and conservative bureaucrats and took his home. Reputation will not be restored until the apocalypse. He is the author of Collected Works of Zhang Taiyan and Classic Books.

Detailed:

The civil servants in Ming Dynasty were praised as "outstanding prime ministers" by later generations because of their great historical achievements.

After more than 200 years of ups and downs in Ming Dynasty, there were many diseases and crises during Jiaqing period. In the Forbidden City, altars are being built every day, filled with smoke. Emperor Jiajing, who dreamed of immortality, was intoxicated by the gorgeous rhetoric in Ode to Qingyun, and entrusted the state affairs to the traitor Yan Song with his eyes closed. Yan Song and his son took the opportunity to do evil, take bribes and pervert the law. In this context, Zhang, the cabinet first assistant (prime minister) from a civilian background, was pushed to the front desk of history. With extraordinary courage and wisdom, he pushed the order to the forefront, consolidated national defense, and implemented the whip method, which revived the dying Ming Dynasty. Zhang also was praised as an "outstanding prime minister" by later generations because of his great historical achievements.

"The wind is picky and goes straight to the top."

Zhang (1525- 1582), the word Shu Da, is Taiyue. In the fourth year of Jiajing (1525), Zhang was born in a scholar's family in Jiangling, Jingzhou (now Hubei). His ancestors could not take care of him for a long time, and only a white turtle dream of his great-grandfather greeted him. In my dream, the moon falls in the water tank and shines around, and then a white turtle floats leisurely from the water. Great-grandfather decided that the white turtle was a little great-grandson, so he casually nicknamed him "Zigui", hoping that he would honor his ancestors in the future.

Bai Gui was so talented that he became a wizard in Jingzhou at an early age. In the fifteenth year of Jiajing, Bai Gui, a examinee who was only 12 years old, won the love of Shi Li 'ao, the magistrate of Jingzhou. He told Xiaobaigui that he should aim high from childhood and serve the country faithfully when he grew up, and renamed him Juzheng. This year, students in Juzheng Bufu. Four years later, Jackie Zhang, who was passive in Nuo Nuo, passed the provincial examination and became a juvenile juren. Gu Lin, governor of Huguang, appreciated him very much. He once told others that "this son will be talented" and took off his rhinoceros ribbon and gave it to Juzheng, saying, "I hope you will set up lofty aspirations, be a Yin and a Yan Yuan, and don't be a celebrity just for a teenager." In the twenty-sixth year of Jiajing, 23-year-old Zhang Zhongji was awarded.

Jishi Shu is a trainee official. According to the rules, he will study in imperial academy for three years, and then he can make it up. Zhang was elected, and Cabinet Minister Xu Jie was included in his teaching. Xu Jie attaches great importance to practical knowledge. Under his guidance, Zhang studied hard on the cultural background, which laid a solid foundation for him to step onto the political stage in the future.

In the early Ming Dynasty, in order to strengthen centralization, the prime minister was abolished and the cabinet was established, which was equivalent to the emperor's secretarial office. The official bachelor's degree is called the record, which is actually the prime minister. When Zhang entered the Imperial Academy to study, there was a fierce political struggle in the cabinet. Xia Yan and Yan Song were the only cabinet university students at that time. As a result, Xia Yan was killed and Yan Song was recorded by the Cabinet.

As a new scholar, Zhang naturally has no say in the cabinet struggle. However, through several years of cold-eyed observation, he had an intuitive understanding of the political corruption and lax border defense in the imperial court. For this reason, in the 28th year of Jiajing (1549), Zhang systematically expounded his views on political reform in On Current Affairs (Volume 15 of Complete Works), and the first disease was "stagnation of qi and blood", followed by "flaccidity and paralysis". And these naturally did not attract the attention of Sejong and Yan Song. Since then, in Jiajing dynasty, Juzheng never played again, except for routine chapters.

In the thirty-third year of Jiaqing, Zhang took an excuse to leave Beijing and returned to his hometown of Jiangling. During the three-year holiday, he was still obsessed with state affairs and personally contacted farmers. My family is poor and honest. I have experienced the hardships, hunger and pain of rural people. He said in Jingzhou Fu Ming (the ninth volume of Complete Works of Zhang Wenzhong): "The land tax is uneven, the poor are unemployed, and the people suffer from mergers." All this can't help but make him feel excited, and the sense of responsibility makes him return to politics.

In the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing, Reng Zhang returned to imperial academy. At this time, he gradually matured in repressed thinking. In the political storm, he imitated his teacher, Xu Jie, "don't hold the group inside, but be confused outside" and moved with the camera. In the 43rd year of Jiajing, Juzheng entered the palace, right in Chunfang and right in Yude. Xu Jie, who was far-sighted, recommended Juzheng as a lecturer in Yude Zhu Zaihou. Yue De is only a virtual title, but because Yu may inherit the throne, it is not an idle job to attend lectures and reading in Yu Di. During the period, "Wang is very good at his things, and there is no one in the palace who is not good at his things" ("Ming Zhang Chuan"). For forty-five years, Juzheng was in charge of imperial academy.

This year, Sejong died and Yu succeeded to the throne. Zhang's opportunity has come. In the first year of Qin Long (1567), as an old minister of Yu Wang, he was released as a left assistant minister of the official department and a college student of Wenyuange, and joined the cabinet to participate in politics. In April of the same year, he was appointed as Shangshu and Wu Yingdian. Zhang is 43 years old this year. At this time, he probably won't forget the song "Maofeng Congjin Street to the Extreme" he wrote when he was thirteen years old. Thirty years later, he finally got to the point in the secret contest.

"Take photos of barbarian riots and use hoes as Lu Lanzhi."

After joining the cabinet, Zhang was not complacent because of his personal promotion. At this time, in the Ming Dynasty, the land was annexed, the refugees were scattered, the grass translation was in trouble, the treasury was empty and the expenses were scarce; Externally, the northern Tatar invaded the Central Plains, creating a "change of the boxer", while the southern Tusi fought for power and profit, especially the rebellion was fierce, "Two Rivers were shocked", and pirates from the southeast harassed the coast, making people miserable. Faced with these, Zhang dare not relax.

What worries Zhang more is the increasingly fierce political struggle within the cabinet. In the forty-first year of Jiajing (1562), Han Yan fell and Xu Fang succeeded to the throne. Together with Zhang * * *, he drafted "The Legacy of Sejong", which corrected the disadvantages of building houses and building large buildings during Sejong period and restored the palace of diligent courtiers who were convicted of unjust cases, and was widely welcomed by people inside and outside the court. But soon, in the second year of Qin Long (1568), in July, Xu Jie was finally forced to return to the field because of his old age and illness. The following year, Xu Jie's old rival Gao Gong returned to the cabinet, took charge of the official department and took control of the cabinet power. During Gao Gong's administration, a group of talents were appointed, and the road to success was a little clearer.

Zhang used to know that he was with Gao Gong, but later he had bad blood. High measures and Feng Bao discord again. In the sixth year of Qin Long, Mu Zong was critically ill, and Zongshen succeeded to the throne at the age of ten. Zhang Gang encouraged his concubine to send the high arch back to its original place for the crime of "dictatorship". In this way, Zhang became the official record of Zhang, and since then, he has been in charge of state power for ten years.

To be fair, Xu Jie and Gao Gong are both very capable records. They made many concrete and partial efforts to consolidate the rule of the Ming Dynasty. However, due to the lack of far-sighted strategic vision and the ability and courage to reform the shortcomings, when Zhang succeeded to the throne, the Ming Dynasty was still in crisis. Zhang clearly realized that minor repairs and minor repairs could not save the Qing Dynasty. Only by carrying out drastic and comprehensive reforms can the country really get out of the predicament. As early as August of the second year of Qin Long, he put forward the reform plan from six aspects: discussing the province, strengthening discipline, strengthening reputation, consolidating the country and preparing for war. The core of this plan is to rectify the official management of the country. He criticized those who argued for Wang Ba as "I don't know Wang Ba's argument, but the relationship between righteousness and benefit is absent", and mistakenly thought that "benevolence and righteousness are king, and prosperity and strength are hegemony" (Answer to Fujian Governor Geng Chudong's argument about Wang Ba in Complete Works of Zhang Wenzhong, Volume 31). Clearly take solving the country's "financial shortage" as its own goal of governing the country. To achieve this goal, we must first consolidate national defense and rectify official management.

During the period, Zhang, who just entered the cabinet, presided over the border defense work of Gugong with the support of Xu Jie and Gao Gong, an important cabinet minister.

In the fourth year of Qin Long, Tatar leader Anda attacked Datong and planned to claim the throne. Juzheng heard that Anda's grandson asked Han Naji, his wife Brigitte and the wet nurse's husband Aliji for attachment, and Fang Datong Governor Shi Feng and Xuanda Governor Wang Chonggu decided to surrender. In view of the seriousness of this matter, Zhang immediately wrote a letter to "disclose" the details to him. It turned out that Anda's third son left a child when he died, that is, Han Naji. When Han Naji grew up, she married Brigitte, then fell in love with her aunt's daughter Sannianzi and remarried. However, as a grandfather, Anda also fell in love with Sannianzi. So between the grandparents and grandchildren, they held a grudge against a little girl and staged a drama in which a lovelorn young man left home to go to Korea.

After receiving the report, Juzheng wrote to Chonggu again, asking him to properly arrange the transfer of Hanna Temple, and sent someone to inform Anda: "According to the law of China, if the chief is the first of the descendants, he will be rewarded with 10,000 US dollars, and the title will be passed on to the Marquis. I can't break your grandson's head for a reward, but he came because he wants justice, and since you are your own grandson, you can't bear to kill him. " (The Complete Works of Zhang Wenzhong, Volume 22, The Beginning of Answering Jianchuan and Answering Anda) Then, he instructed the master planner to cherish the ancient times and beat the emperor every time. Many people in North Korea strongly oppose it and think that the enemy's situation is unpredictable. Sure enough, Anda's cavalry, like a dark cloud, pushed the city to the northern border. Chonggu was ready for war at the instigation of Juzheng and threatened his grandson, but Anda was finally forced to compromise. Ju Zheng pushed the boat forward at the request of Anda, and sent Shuangnaji back to his hometown as a gift, while Anda tied Zhao Quan and other traitors to the Ming room.

Wearing a red silk robe given by the emperor, he took Hannaji back to the Tartars' tent. I was very moved when I read it, and said that I would never infringe Datong again. I decided to ask for tribute and mutual exchange and get along well with Ming.

In the fifth year of Qin Long, Mu Zong, urged by Hou Zheng and others, made Anda King of Shunyi, and opened a horse market in three border towns to trade with Tatars. The consolidation of the northern border enabled Zhang to turn his attention to domestic issues.

Serve the dust brake with your heart, not for your own benefit.

As a talented politician, Zhang had a profound understanding of the problems faced by the Ming Dynasty. He believes that the lack of national strength and rampant thieves at that time were all caused by unclear official management. The corruption of officials and the annexation of landlords led to "the richer the private individuals, the poorer the public officials" (The Complete Works of Zhang Wenzhong, Volume 26, "Song Yangshan, Governor of Xu Tianchao, had enough to feed the people"), and the extravagant desire of the emperor made the people hungry and cold, becoming outlaws. Because Zhang objectively analyzed the social contradictions at that time and correctly grasped the essence and key of the problem, his reform was able to conform to the historical trend and was widely welcomed.

Based on the above point of view, Zhang decided to start with the reform of official management. In November of the first year of Wanli (1573), Zhang Shangshu carried out the "examination method" to clarify its responsibilities. He controls six subjects with six subjects, and then controls six subjects with the cabinet. For the things to be done, from the cabinet to the six subjects, from the six subjects to the yamen, we should be aware of the exam. It has changed the procrastination in the past, that is, "the Lord is eager, and the listener is often reserved" (Complete Works of Zhang Wenzhong, Volume 38, Please check the chapter and test with the situation to improve the truth). The implementation of the assessment method has improved the work efficiency of departments at all levels, clarified the responsibilities and rewards and punishments, and thus made the government decree "though thousands of miles away, it was chased sooner or later" (Biography of Ming Zhang).

The main purpose of Zhang's rectification of bureaucracy is to "enrich". This red line runs through his reform, and the biggest gain of implementing the examination method is here.

When Zhang carried out the assessment method, he took posthumous title as the assessment standard. In the four years of Wanli, it was stipulated that all local officials who did not try to levy were punished. In the same year1February, according to the report given by the Ministry of Housing, there were 7 local officials in Shandong/KLOC-0 and 2 in Henan. Two people in Shandong were dismissed, and nine people in Henan were dismissed. This makes officials at all levels afraid of reducing punishment and dare not slack off, supervising the heads of households to pay the taxes and grains of the year. As a result of changing the situation of owing taxes and food, the national treasury is increasingly abundant. According to the statistics of the household department in the five years of Wanli, the annual income is more than 4.35 million, and the annual income is more than 2.5 million (including money, food and salt, stolen goods, redemption cases, etc.). ) In Qin Long, it increased by 74% (Tong Mingjian, Volume 67). The fiscal revenue and expenditure were balanced, with a balance of more than 852,000, which reversed the long-term fiscal deficit. As Zhang himself said in April, 2009, "In recent years, the government has made no deficit, and the treasury has been enriched, all of which were conducted in the middle of the exam, and the results were solved as scheduled." (Volume 45 of the Complete Works of Zhang Wenzhong) It can be seen that although the implementation of the examination method is a political reform, it has played a great role in rectifying the land tax and increasing the national fiscal revenue.

However, the income increased by examination alone is still limited, which is far from satisfying the infinite profligacy of princes and nobles. Zhang believes that people are "ancient financial managers, who save money without indulging in it, and save money without making profits". Financial management should still focus on saving money. Almost all the reforms he made revolved around this center.

For example, by strengthening the assessment of officials, he reduced redundant staff and saved the salary expenses of the court. According to the regulation of "two big, one small, nine ladies and their families, those who abuse them severely will be cut off", the competition is "Redundant 23". Similarly, Zhang also cut the military expenditure of the imperial court through various channels. On the one hand, it was repaired with the Tatars, exchanged tributes, stabilized the border and reduced the cost of war. On the other hand, it has also been greatly reduced. By the second year of Wanli, in the north, "in the three towns and two years old, the cost was only more than 10,000 yuan, and the province was more than one million yuan." It also reduces expenses by reducing foreign soldiers and clearing grain. "If you save a year, you will get tens of millions of dollars."

At the same time, Zhang also asked the emperor, the supreme ruler of feudal society, to tighten his belt and live a tight life with everyone. He not only repeatedly proposed to Zongshen to "save money and love the people" and "protect the country and defend the country", but also insisted on the extravagant expenses of the royal family. In the seventh year of Wanli, Zongshen asked the Ministry of Finance for 100,000 gold to prepare the royal meal of Guanglu Temple. He believes that the revenue and expenditure of the Ministry of Finance have been insufficient. "At present, it is difficult to sustain. If there are floods and droughts in all directions and the battlefield changes unexpectedly, how can we give it? " He asked Zongshen to save "all useless expenses". As a result, the expenses of100000 taels of silver were not only exempted, but also the expenses of lanterns and lanterns in the palace were cancelled. Thanks to Zhang's efforts, the reconstruction of Ciqing Palace, Cining Palace and Wuying Hall was stopped, and the loss of money for reward was stopped, which saved the service cost and reduced the weaving in Su Song, thus restraining the extravagant consumption of feudal rulers.

For his own expenses, Zhang also tries to avoid extravagance. Make up A Record of the First Emperor, and have a banquet. Zhang participated in the restoration of the seal of his memoirs and offered his resignation to avoid the banquet. He said: "A banquet costs hundreds of dollars, so it is not necessarily a way to save money." He also requested that Ming Shenzong Day be held in the morning to avoid the cost of lighting at night.

In the process of rectifying official management and practicing economy, Zhang is not only honest and honest, but also strict with his family. When my son returned to Jiangling for the exam, he told him to rent a car. On his father's birthday, he ordered his servant to take a birthday present and ride a donkey back to the village to celebrate his father's birthday. In the eighth year of Wanli, Ju Jing, the second brother of Juzheng, was seriously ill and returned to his hometown for treatment. Zhang Lu, the governor of Baoding, made an exception of "survey" (certificate of post office use), and Ju Zheng immediately returned it, with a letter saying that he should not set an example for the court to enforce the law. For the Ming Dynasty, Zhang was indeed a rare talent for governing the country. As early as when the cabinet was in chaos and political life was in jeopardy, he wrote: "I would like to serve the dust brake with the deepest heart and not seek personal gain." He did.

"Measure all the mountains and rice fields, leaving only the sea and blue sky."

As an outstanding financier, Zhang knows that saving money is not enough to solve the problem. In order to completely improve the national financial situation, it is necessary to further open up financial resources and increase income.

However, Zhang is opposed to managing money through "Li Kaiyuan", because in his view, "there is only so much wealth generated by husband and soil, and we should try our best to acquire it skillfully, not increase it." In his early years, he had more contact with the lower classes, and he deeply understood that only by caring for the people can the country become rich. He pointed out: "The only meaningful thing is to ensure the safety of the people." So, how can we increase the national fiscal revenue? At that time, the huge machine of Ming dynasty was supported by land tax, and the income of land tax was difficult to increase because of land merger and uneven burden. To this end, Zhang put forward three measures: punishing greed, clearing debts and inspecting fields, among which the intensity of inspecting fields was enormous.

In the sixth year of Wanli (1578), Zhang took Fujian as a pilot to clean up the fields. As a result, Fujian people think it is convenient. So in the eighth year of Wanli, Zhang was allowed to open up wasteland all over the country one after another, and redraw the atlas of fish scales on this basis.

Most parts of the country have been carefully cleared in accordance with the clearance regulations promulgated by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, but some local officials have shortened their lunges and sought extra work. For example, Zhejiang Haiyan, "The water is cut by grass, the bow is empty, and the ancient burial is bleak, which is a tax that should be paid." As for those who connect fields and buildings, they are full of bribes and intellectual traitors, moving around and leaving one to the other. What's more, there are areas where bows have never been added. Maps and fans are both people and private pits. Therefore, the number of acres in the family has increased and the fields have narrowed. "However, due to the thorough liquidation of most counties, the number of fields has greatly increased. In the eight years of Wanli, the cultivated land in China was 70 13976 hectares, which was 2336026 hectares more than that in Qin Long in the five years (157 1). With the increase of cultivated land, coupled with the crackdown on tax evasion by nobles and gentry landlords, the income of land tax in Ming Dynasty increased greatly. Although Zhang's practice of clearing land and sharing taxes is considered by Hai Rui and others as the best policy, it can't really solve the problem of uneven civil tax. However, from the point of view of financial management, clearing up Zhang's land property played a positive role in the court's comprehensive and accurate grasp of the national land property and increasing fiscal revenue. More importantly, it has also created conditions for the recent implementation of the "one whip law" tax reform.

Zhang knows very well that clearing land alone can't completely change the problems of uneven taxation and petty officials' exploitation. Without further reform of the tax system, it is impossible to ensure the steady growth of the central fiscal revenue, and more poor people will go bankrupt, which is not conducive to social stability. The reform of tax service is a very difficult thing. Once the interests of officials and local tyrants are violated too much, they will be strongly opposed, and all the hard work will be in vain.

At that time, many regions were already trying out tax service reform schemes suitable for their own regions, such as Li Jiayin in Yingtianfu (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), Junping Silver in Zhejiang and Guangdong, Yin Gang in Fujian, Shijin in the south of the Yangtze River, and the "one whip method" in some regions.

In the tenth year of Jiajing (153 1), Jiangxi first implemented a whipping method, which achieved good results. Fu Zeng, an imperial envoy at that time, said, "You can take a whip. ..... Give all the grain of a province to the corvee of a province. ..... and then the corvee is ok, and everyone sighs. " After that, Wang was in Jiangxi, Pan Jixun was in Guangdong, Pang was in Zhejiang, Hai Rui was in Yingtian, and practiced whipping in Shandong County. In Jiangning County and Shangyuan County, Yingtianfu County, Hai Rui "practiced whipping. Since then, people didn't know that farming was good, but the rich people in the city were willing to buy land, and the poor people in the countryside refused to give up the land lightly", so that "the land is not barren, people don't escape, and money and food are not in arrears".

In the fifth year of Wanli, Dong 'e County, Shandong Province ordered Bai Dong to practice whipping, and all the money and food in the county were subject to Di Ding. However, because this practice violated the interests of officials and gentry, they created rumors. The fact said: "In the last years of Jiajing, whips were made, regardless of the wealth of each household, and the case was apportioned;" ..... But its method is still convenient in Jiangnan, and the most inconvenient in Jiangbei. For example, when Bai Dong, the magistrate of Dong 'e County, visited Shandong recently, people were panicked and wanted to abandon their land and avoid it. Please ask the competent department to give it to the third class and leave it to the household department to make Bai Dongji even worse. " Fortunately, Zhang Jishi sent people to inspect East Asia, only to know that it distorted the facts. So Zhang intends to reply: "What's the difference between North and South? Every stroke is well thought out, suitable for the place, convenient for the obedient people, and no one is allowed to force it. Bai Dong still encourages his work. "Li Shida, who supported Baidong Zuodu Empire, also wrote a book:" The method of flogging has done its best, and it is inconvenient to say. "The law should be suitable for the people, and politics should depend on the people. If the people are suitable, why can they be divided into north and south? "

Zhang believes that the flogging law should not only be opposed, but also be widely spread throughout the country. After nine years of Wanli, he finally ordered the implementation of flogging throughout the country.

Stripping is another major reform in the history of China's land tax system after the two tax laws in Tang Dynasty. It simplifies the tax items and collection procedures, integrates taxes, and presents a trend of "spreading land into mu". Later, the system of the integration of Diding and Diding in Qing Dynasty was an application and development of whipping.

The implementation of a whipping method changed the extremely chaotic and seriously uneven tax system at that time. It lightens the unreasonable burden of farmers' labor, limits the fraud of petty officials, and especially cancels the heavy labor force, so that farmers have more time to engage in agricultural production. Of course, we should also see that there is no provision for the total amount of tax collected by a whip method, leaving opportunities for small officials to extort money, which is its main deficiency.

Zhang's financial management is not limited to blindly benefiting the imperial court, but also attaches great importance to the actual life of the people. He tried to reduce the tax burden of the people through various channels, and sometimes even directly proposed to reduce the tax burden of the people. In the ten years of Wanli, with the completion of clearing fields and the implementation of a whip law, the financial situation of the Ming Dynasty was further improved. At this time, there are as many as four million and two thousand silver deposits in Taibu Temple, and with the silver deposits in Taicang, the total is about seven or eight million and two thousand. Taicang's grain reserves can also last for ten years. In February of this year, Zhang Shangshu requested to waive the money and grain accumulated by the provinces from the first year (1567) to the seventh year of Wanli (1579). In addition, Zhang also opposed the traditional concept of "attaching importance to agriculture and neglecting commerce", holding that both agriculture and commerce should be paid equal attention, and put forward the idea of "exploiting the province and investing in agriculture; ..... leave the city lightly, and benefit farmers with thick business. " Therefore, we are also opposed to arbitrarily increasing business tax and infringing on the interests of businessmen. These practices conform to the historical development trend, reduce the burden of the people to a certain extent, ease the class contradictions that are on the verge of exploding, and play a positive role in promoting the development of history.

Facing the fatigue of state affairs, people's death and political interests.

Zhang was busy day and night on the National Day. Even his father, who had to meet him at the end of 19, died, and he failed to attend the mourning. After nine years of Wanli (158 1), 57-year-old Ju Zheng finally fell ill because of fatigue.

On June 20th, the 10th year of Wanli, Ju Zheng died of illness and gave up the power he had held for 16 years. The emperor who devoted himself to cutting 10 years passed away. After his death, Zongshen withdrew from North Korea and presented Zhu Guo with "Wenzhong". He buried his lifelong ambition in the cemetery of Jiangling, but he didn't know that his merits of working hard for the country all his life were actually a great disaster for his family's descendants.

All Zhang's reforms have affected the long-term interests of the landlord class, so they have to harm the interests of some bureaucrats and big landlords in some ways. He himself made some mistakes in policy and employment. After his death, some people began to retaliate and attack. How about Zongshen? Didn't Juzheng always respect him as a teacher when he was in power? That's out of necessity and helplessness. He has long resented the power of the main shock. After living in an appropriate country for ten years, he gained the power of Zongshen, which is the need of living in an appropriate and effective country, but his power was the loss of Zongshen. In power, Juzheng and Zongshen became opposites. Being loyal to state affairs and taking power alone is a manifestation of contempt for the Lord in the mind of the gods. This is the logic of the emperor! When Juzheng died, Zongshen, an adult young emperor, whose nature was pleasure and wealth accumulation, began to seek revenge.

On the fourth day after Zhang's death, seven famous officials framed and impeached Sheng Pan, and God ordered Pan Zhishi. Sheng Pan was recommended before his death, and his stepping down marked Zhang's fall from grace.

Soon, I pointed the finger at Zhang. So Zongshen ordered the family to be copied, cut down the official rank in the palace, forcibly seized the imperial edicts given to him and four generations by Xi Shu before his death, and showed the world the crime, almost carving coffins and slaughtering corpses. His family members starved to death, committed suicide, exiled and fled, and a generation of families could fight for such a miserable end.

When people die, they lose their political interest. When they were in power, a group of officials once cut their posts and some abandoned the market. And the government implemented by the imperial court also restored the old view, which had many disadvantages. During the whole period of God's rule, no one dared to complain about being upright.

However, the country is in decline, thinking of good ministers. It was not until the second year of the Apocalypse (1622) that Xizong remembered the great hero Zhang of that year and resumed his official position. But it is too late!