Historical title: Name several ancient human sites in the Yellow River Basin.

The Yellow River is the mother river of our nation, which flows through the ages and breeds the oldest and most splendid civilization in the world. According to the stone tools used by ancient humans 6.5438+0.8 million years ago found in Xihoudu site on the east bank of the Yellow River in Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province, it can be considered that there were human activities in the Yellow River basin as early as 6.5438+0.8 million years ago. More than 30 stone products have been unearthed in Xihoudu, which is the earliest representative of human cultural remains discovered in Chinese mainland.

In the western post-capital culture, tools made of animal bone horns and materials used for fire are not only the earliest representatives of the Yellow River valley, but also can only be seen in other parts of China and the world.

-reflect the ape-man culture are:

Xihoudu ape-man culture

It was discovered in Xihoudu, Ruicheng, Shanxi Province 196 1 years ago, and belongs to the early Paleolithic ape-man culture in northern China.

Lantian ape-man culture

1963 ~ 1964 was found in gongwangling and chenjiawo, Lantian, Shaanxi province, in which gongwangling ape-man was10/5 million years ago, and chenjiawo ape-man was 500,000 ~ 590,000 years ago. The ape-man culture in the late Paleolithic period.

Dali ape-man culture

1978 was discovered in Tianshuigou, Dali, Shaanxi Province, nearly 300,000 to 500,000 years ago, belonging to the late ape-man culture.

-reflect the ancient homo sapiens culture is:

Ding Cun ancient culture

1954 ~ 1976 was found in Ding Cun on the east bank of Fenhe River in Xiangfen County. It was 70,000 ~ 90,000 years ago, belonging to the middle Paleolithic culture and early Homo sapiens.

Hetao newcomer culture

1922 and 1956 ~ 1960 were found in Dagouwan, Wushen Banner, Inner Mongolia, and were late Homo sapiens about 30,000 years ago.

-Modern people evolved directly from new human beings and are divided into four stages:

microlithic culture

From 10000 to 7000 years ago, cultural sites of this era were found in many places on the Loess Plateau, such as Shayuan in Dali, Shaanxi, and Xia Chuan in Qinshui, Shanxi.

Neolithic culture

From 7000 to 3700 years ago, according to the earliest discovery site and the development stage it represents, it can be divided into three stages: Yangshao culture was discovered in Yangshao Village, Mianchi County, Henan Province, from 7000 to 5000 years ago, 192 1 year ago; In the middle stage, it was called Longshan Culture, which was discovered in Longshan Town, Zhangqiu County, Shandong Province 5000 to 4 100 years ago. The later period was called Erlitou culture, which was 4 100 ~ 3700 years ago. First discovered in Erlitou, Yanshi, Henan Province, it is a cultural site of Xia Dynasty.

Banpo site, located in banpo village on the east bank of Chanhe River in the east of Xi, Shaanxi Province, is a typical matriarchal clan commune village site in the Yellow River basin, belonging to the early type of Yangshao culture, about 6000 years ago. The site covers a total area of about 50,000 square meters and is divided into residential areas, pottery-making areas and burial areas. 1953 In the spring, when Xi 'an was building a textile city, it was found that the excavation area was 1000 square meters, and rich cultural relics were obtained.

Bronze culture

From 3700 to 2700 years ago, it can be divided into three periods: the early Erligang culture, that is, Zhengzhou mall culture, was the early Shang culture from 3620 years ago; The middle period is Yin Ruins culture, that is, Xiaotun Village culture in Anyang, Henan Province, which is roughly from14th century BC to1/century BC and belongs to the late Shang Dynasty culture. The late period is Qishan culture, which is the cultural site of the capital city of the Western Zhou Dynasty in Feng Chu Village, Qishan, Shaanxi Province.

Iron culture

It appeared in the early Spring and Autumn Period of 770 BC, such as the Spring and Autumn Cast Iron Site found in Cangcheng, Xinzheng, Henan Province, the Warring States Tomb Site found in Guwei Village, Weihui City, Henan Province, and the Sui and Tang Dynasties Capital Cultural Site found around Xi 'an.

The Mesolithic Age is a transitional stage or intermediate link between the Paleolithic Age and the Neolithic Age. 1956, in order to cooperate with the construction of Sanmenxia Reservoir of the Yellow River, the Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Sciences found beaten stone chips and stone tools at the 15 site in Shayuan area of Dali County, Shaanxi Province, and collected more than 3,000 specimens. According to the characteristics of these stone tools, they are considered to be the remains from the Mesolithic Age to the early Neolithic Age, so they were named as the first Mesolithic Culture in China-Shayuan Culture.

Since the Middle Stone Age, the Yellow River Basin has become the center of ancient cultural development in China. The characteristics of the Middle Stone Age are: the social and economic life is mainly fishing, hunting and gathering, which belongs to the natural economy, and agriculture has not yet appeared. In the Middle Stone Age, the extensive use of microliths promoted the development of hunting and gathering economy. Over the past decades, a large number of cultural remains dominated by microliths have been found in the Yellow River Basin, which may not only fill the gap in the Neolithic Age in China, but also show that the most developed area of microliths in the Mesolithic Age in China is the Yellow River Basin. Some archaeologists believe that it was on the basis of the late Paleolithic culture in northern China that the Mesolithic culture, represented by the arts and crafts tradition, was formed, and then it developed into the Neolithic culture with agricultural economy as the main factor in the Yellow River Basin. Therefore, since the Middle Stone Age, the Yellow River Basin has become the center of ancient cultural development in China.