List the important events and figures in the history books of Grade One and Grade One (People's Education Edition) and make them into songs or poems or jingles. Masters, help!

The first chapter is the origin of Chinese civilization (1- 12) 1. The earliest known human in China is Yuanmou Man, which was 1.7 million years ago. The fundamental difference between humans and animals lies in whether they can make tools. Labor played a decisive role in the time and place of life of Beijingers and cavemen, and in the evolution from apes to humans. Beijingers use natural fire, while cavemen know how to make artificial fire and master the technology of grinding and drilling. Beijing people live in the cave, Hemudu people live in the Yangtze River basin, and Banpo people live in the Yellow River basin. All have used grinding stone tools, Hemudu people grow rice and Banpo people grow millet. China is the first country in the world to grow rice and millet. Private property and polarization between the rich and the poor appeared in the late Dawenkou culture. Yan Di formed an alliance with the Huangdi tribe, forming the future Chinese nation, and Yan Di and Huangdi were honored as the ancestors of the Chinese nation. Known as the "ancestor of mankind" of the Chinese nation, it is the Yellow Emperor. Yao Shunyu's Doctrine of the Mean: A Method of Democratic Election of Tribal Alliance Leaders. P 14 Chapter II Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period (13-40) In BC 14, Yu established the Xia Dynasty, which was the first slavery dynasty in the history of China. Tang dynasty destroyed summer and established Shang dynasty. After Pan Geng moved to Yin, the rule of Shang Dynasty was stable. BC 1046, Zhou Wuwang destroyed the Shang Dynasty through the Makino War, established the Zhou Dynasty and made its capital. The western Zhou dynasty implemented the enfeoffment system, which strengthened the rule over various places. In 77 BC1year, the Western Zhou Dynasty was destroyed. The Muswuding in Shang Dynasty is the largest bronze ware found in the world. The grotesque statue of Four Sheep, bronze masks unearthed from Sanxingdui cultural site, large bronze statues and bronze sacred trees have attracted the attention of Chinese and foreign people. The prosperity of agriculture, animal husbandry, handicrafts and commerce formed the splendid bronze civilization of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties in China. In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang moved eastward to Luoyang, known as the "Eastern Zhou Dynasty". The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two periods: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period: Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Chu Zhuangwang, King Fu Cha of Wu, and King Gou Jian of Yue. Qi Huangong put forward the slogan of "respecting the king and rejecting foreign countries". The battle that decided Jin Wengong to become the overlord of the Central Plains was the battle of Chengpu. Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period: Qi, Chu, Qin, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han. In 260 BC, the battle of Changping took place between Qin and Zhao, and Zhao was defeated. Since then, the six eastern countries have been unable to resist Qin Jun's attack. During the Spring and Autumn Period, China began to use iron farm tools, Niu Geng and Niu Geng, which was a revolution in the history of agricultural development in China. The popularization of iron farm tools and Niu Geng has greatly improved the land utilization rate and crop yield. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, China invented pig iron smelting technology, which was more than 900 years earlier than Europe. China is also the first country in the world to invent porcelain, which was made as early as Shang Dynasty. During the Warring States Period, Li Bing presided over the construction of Dujiangyan, a famous water conservancy project, making Chengdu Plain a "land of abundance". The main content and significance of Shang Yang's political reform. The words carved by merchants on tortoise shells or animal bones are called "Oracle Bone Inscriptions". The history of China's writing began in the Shang Dynasty (P4 135), and the words cast on the bronzes in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties were called "inscriptions" or "inscriptions". According to the records of solar eclipses and solar terms, Bian Que was a famous doctor during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. He summed up the "four diagnoses" of traditional Chinese medicine. Qu Yuan lived in Chu State at the end of the Warring States Period. His representative works Li Sao and The Complete Collection of Bells in the Warring States Period were unearthed in Suizhou, Hubei Province. Confucius' important contribution to ideological education and culture, Lao Zi, the founder of Taoism in the late Spring and Autumn Period, recorded his theory in Tao Te Ching; During the Warring States period, the founder of Mohism was Mozi, who advocated "universal love" and "non-aggression"; The representative figure of Confucianism is Mencius, who asked the rulers to govern the country with "benevolent government"; The representative figure of Taoism is Zhuangzi, who put forward "governing by doing nothing"; Han Fei, a representative of Legalism, advocated reform. The representative of a military strategist is Sun Wu, who wrote Sun Tzu's The Art of War and the military motto "Know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle" from this book. Chapter III Qin, Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasties (465,438+0-67) 42. From 230 BC to 2265,438+0 BC, Qin destroyed six countries successively, completed reunification and made Xianyang its capital. In order to strengthen ideological control, Qin Shihuang accepted Li Si's suggestion of "burning books to bury Confucianism". 45. The Great Wall starts from Lintao in the west and ends in Liaodong in the east. The construction of Lingqu connects the Yangtze River water system with the Pearl River water system. In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Guangwu revolted in osawa Town and established political power in Chen Jian. In 202 BC, Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, with Chang 'an as its capital, which was called the Western Han Dynasty in history. Liu bang is the emperor gaozu. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the rulers learned the lessons from the death of Qin Dynasty, implemented the policy of recuperation, reduced the burden of corvee, military service and taxes on farmers, and attached importance to the development of agricultural production. During the Wenjing period, we paid attention to "educating the people with morality", and the society was relatively stable and the people were rich. Historically, the rule of this period was called "the rule of culture and scenery". 50. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty accepted Zhu's suggestion and ordered to weaken the power of the vassal state. Accept Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone". In AD 25, Liu Xiu, the royal family of the Western Han Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor, with Luoyang as its capital, which was called the Eastern Han Dynasty in history. Emperor Hanming of East China ordered Wang Jing, a water conservancy expert, to preside over the Yellow River regulation. In the Han Dynasty, rickshaws were used to sow seeds, and in the textile industry, jacquard machines and water rafts invented by Du Fu in the Eastern Han Dynasty were used to smelt iron by hydraulic blast, which was more than 1000 years earlier than in Europe. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Mo Duhan, the outstanding leader of Xiongnu, unified the Mongolian grassland. In 65438 BC+065438 BC+09 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to attack the Xiongnu in the north, and the Xiongnu leader Uhaanyehe surrendered to the Han Dynasty. During the Han Dynasty, Wang Zhaojun married Uhaanyehe. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions. In 60 BC, the Western Han Dynasty established the capital of the Western Regions, and Xinjiang began to be under the jurisdiction of the central government. Ban Chao governed the Western Regions in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Ban Chao once sent his men Gan Ying to Daqin. /kloc-in 0/66, Daqin sent envoys to visit Luoyang, which was the first direct contact between European countries and China. Silk Road: China's silk and silk products started from Chang 'an, passed through Hexi Corridor and today's Xinjiang region, and were transported to West Asia, then to Europe, and exotic treasures from western countries were imported into China. This land artery connecting Chinese and western traffic is the famous Silk Road in history. China began to use paper as a writing material in the Western Han Dynasty, and Cai Lun improved papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Nine Chapters Arithmetic, written in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is a famous mathematical work. The seismograph made by Zhang Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty is recognized as the earliest seismograph in the world. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing, a "medical sage", wrote Treatise on Febrile Diseases, while Hua Tuo created Ma Feisan, an anesthetic, and edited the Five-Animal Play, a medical gymnastics. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Buddhism was introduced into the Central Plains of China. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Taoism rose among the people. One of the founders was Zhang Ling, who respected Lao Zi as. Wang Chong, a materialist thinker in the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote Lun Heng. Sima Qian lived in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and wrote Historical Records, which is the first biographical general history of China. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Qinling Mountains are by far the largest art treasures unearthed in the world. Chapter IV The Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties (68-84) During the 70 and 200 years, the battle between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao in Guandu laid the foundation for Cao Cao to unify the north. In 208, Cao Cao, Sun Liulian and Battle of Red Cliffs laid the foundation for the tripartite confrontation among the three countries. In 220, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Wei and Luoyang as its capital. 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Han, and was known as Shu in history; In 222, Sun Quan became king, with the title of Wu, and later the capital of Jianye, and the situation of the Three Kingdoms was formed. Sun Quan sent Wei Wen with a fleet of ten thousand people to Yizhou (now a province in Taiwan Province), which strengthened the ties between Yizhou and the mainland. In 266, Sima Yan established the Jin Dynasty, with Luoyang as its capital, which was called "Western Jin Dynasty" in history. In 280, the Western Jin Dynasty wiped out Wu, ending the separatist regime. Since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ethnic minorities such as Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jieertie, Di and Qiang have moved in one after another. In 3 16, the Western Jin Dynasty perished. In 3 17, Si Marui, the royal family, rebuilt the Jin Dynasty with its capital in Jiankang, which was called "Eastern Jin Dynasty" in history. In 383, in the battle between the former Qin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty defeated the former Qin Dynasty with fewer victories and more defeats. In 420, Emperor Wu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty established the Song Dynasty. Since then, the South has experienced four dynasties, namely Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty. 79. After the split of the Northern Wei Dynasty, four dynasties appeared in the North, namely, the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty. The Northern Wei Dynasty and the Four Dynasties are collectively called the Northern Dynasties. For the first time in the world, Zu Chongzhi in the Southern Dynasties calculated the value of pi to the seventh place after the decimal point. Jia Sixie of the Northern Dynasties wrote The Book of Qi Yao Min, which is the first complete agricultural scientific work in China. Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics in the Northern Wei Dynasty is a comprehensive geographical monograph. Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has his masterpiece "Preface to the Lanting Pavilion", which was later called "Book Sage" P122,84. Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty has a masterpiece "Luo Shen Fu", and Fan Zhen, a thinker in the Southern Dynasties, wrote "On the Extinction of Immortals". Famous Grottoes in Northern and Southern Dynasties: Yungang Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes P 124 Q&A: 1. What is the content and significance of Shang Yang's political reform? In 356 BC, Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Yang to reform. Content: The state recognizes the private ownership of land and allows free trading. Those who reward ploughing and produce more grain and cloth can be exempted from corvee. According to the size of military service, the title of Tian Zhai was granted, and the privileges of the old nobles who refused to serve in military service were abolished. Establish a county system, and the monarch directly sends officials to govern. Significance: Qin was the most prosperous feudal country at the end of the Warring States period, with developed economy and constantly strengthened military combat effectiveness. 2. What achievements did Confucius make in thought and education? P46-47 Answer: Ideologically, Confucius put forward the theory of "benevolence", advocated "love", and asked rulers to observe people's feelings, cherish the resources of people's resources, "govern the country by virtue" and oppose tyranny and arbitrary punishment and killing. Education: founded a private school, regardless of family background and wealth, recruited disciples and trained 3000 students successively. Pay attention to "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" and be good at inspiring students to think. Educate students to have an honest learning attitude and be open-minded and eager to learn. Ask students to review what they have learned from time to time, so as to "review the old and learn the new". 3. Evaluate Qin Shihuang. A: Qin Shihuang made a great contribution to the history of our country: he complied with public opinion and completed reunification. He claimed to be the emperor and was in charge of power; The central government has a Premier A Qiu and an ancient adviser who are in charge of administration, military affairs and supervision, and the final decision is made by the emperor. The local government implements the county system and establishes a centralized autocratic monarchy system. Unifying writing, currency and weights and measures, building the Great Wall and developing southern Xinjiang have consolidated unity and promoted economic and cultural exchanges among ethnic groups in various regions. At the same time, he was a cruel feudal emperor. He built a large number of palaces and tombs, which wasted a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources and affected people's normal production and life. He also formulated a cruel criminal law; He burned books to bury Confucianism and stifled his thoughts. In a word, he is an emperor who has made great contributions and made greater contributions. 3. What measures did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty take to achieve reunification? P68, P74, P78 A: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took a series of measures to strengthen centralization. (1) accepted Zhu Fuyan's suggestion, ordered the kings to distribute their land to their children, and established a smaller vassal state. (2) Accept Dong Zhongshu's suggestion to "oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone" and regard Confucianism as feudal orthodoxy. Set up imperial academy and carry out Confucian education. (3) Put the local right to coin and the right to operate salt and iron into the central government, and forge five baht in a unified way to achieve economic unity. (4) Militarily, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were sent to attack the Huns in the north and seize the Hetao and Hexi Corridor areas. The Western Han Dynasty achieved great unity in politics, ideology, economy and military affairs and entered its heyday. 5. What was the reason for the development of Jiangnan during the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties? P11Answer: ① The south of the Yangtze River has abundant rainfall, hot climate and fertile land, which has superior conditions for developing agriculture. (2) A large number of people in the north moved to the south, bringing a large number of labor, advanced production technology and drought-resistant and cold-resistant crops. ③ Southern society is relatively stable; ④ Strengthening ethnic integration; People of all ethnic groups work hard; ⑤ Rulers attach importance to economic development and take a series of measures; ⑤ What are the reform measures of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and what are their historical significance? A: After Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to Luoyang, the contents of the reform were further implemented: the court must use Chinese and Xianbei language is forbidden; Officials and their families must wear Han costumes; The Xianbei nationality was renamed Han nationality, and the royal family was renamed Yuan by Tuoba. Encourage Xianbei nobles to intermarry with Han nobles; Adopt the official system and laws of the Han nationality; Learn Chinese etiquette, respect Confucius, govern the country with filial piety, and advocate the atmosphere of respecting the elderly. Significance: 1, promoting national integration; 2. Carry forward the traditional culture of China.