Lu's poetic style

In the existing poems, Lu's industrial poems can be clearly divided into two periods: the early poets were ambitious, brilliant, with high style and unrestrained feelings; In the later period, the poet was tortured by the "wind disease" and died of depression. His poetic realm was lonely and his style tended to be miserable.

The first is the early stage.

Style characteristic

Judging from the content of Lu's early poems, the emotional tone of his poems on various themes is impassioned.

1. Frontier poems. In his early years, Lu went to the northwest during Deng's tenure and personally visited the Great Wall. What he heard and what he felt. He used the old topic of Yuefu to write down some frontier fortress works with great vitality, which was sincere and sincere, and could well reflect his lofty aspirations of being full of talents and making achievements at that time. The emotional tone of his poems is warm and generous. Among them, Zihe is the most representative in the south of the city. These frontier poems almost became Lu's early masterpieces. Poets, whether describing this hero, a son galloping on the battlefield, or an image of a general fighting in the south and the north, all endowed soldiers, war horses and generals with heroic and fearless spirit of bloodshed and sacrifice, and their feelings were impassioned.

2. Send a farewell poem. In addition to frontier fortress poems, Lu's early farewell poems are also quite distinctive. There is still generosity in the sadness of parting, which shows the extraordinary mind of the young poet. There is a poem "Journey to the West sends off Meng Xueshi's South Tour", which was written by the poet when Deng was in charge and left Meng Xueshi in the south because of Deng Wang's mission. In the poem, pedestrians wander outside, just like flying grass, expressing their worries about traveling with friends. At the same time, he compared RoyceWong with himself, Kong Rong with Meng Xueshi, and wrote the sad feelings of seeing friends off in Zero Rain. The sadness in Zero Rain for RoyceWong and Looking forward to Qiu Hong show that the poet sometimes has unsatisfactory sadness on the road of life, but this kind of sadness is not the mainstream of his previous works. Soon, in the heroic words of "Only Yu Jianfeng is here, but he is very angry with Chen Hong", all his sadness and disappointment disappeared, leaving only fengjian's sadness and disappointment. It can be seen that young Lu is still full of high morale and enterprising spirit even when he leaves his friends and wanders alone. Of course, in Lu's farewell poems, such as "Looking forward to a child becoming a dragon, looking forward to a woman becoming a phoenix", "Sword diplomacy" and "Waiting for Wu to be a servant", we can sweep away the sadness and lingering in the farewell poems and express his hesitation and ambition to make a difference.

3. Write landscape poems. Before he got sick, he also wrote some landscape poems. Fifteen Nights Watching Lights is one of them, and the wonderful lighting scene described in the poem is pleasing to the eye. It shows that the poet's smooth life journey at this time makes his poems reflect more colorful scenes and fresh and happy mood.

Among Lu's existing works, simple landscape poems like Watching Lights at Fifteen Nights are rare. However, as the poet traveled back and forth between central Sichuan and Chang 'an many times when he was young, the beautiful Bashu landscape became the object of his colorful poems: "Nine layers of ice are stacked, seven plates of rocks are piled up" ("early watershed"), and "flowing streams float in the plain foam, and the rock landscape shines". Before getting sick, Lu tried to describe these beautiful scenery to entrust his talent. Most of his poems show the poet's enthusiasm for joining the WTO and becoming an official. Therefore, whether it is Lu's frontier poems, farewell poems or landscape poems, his early poems with various themes all reflect the poet's spirit of striving for progress. During this period, the emotional tone of Lu's poems with various themes was warm and generous, showing high-spirited and unrestrained style characteristics.

(2) Style and language characteristics

Judging from the style and language of Lu's early poems, it also reflects his high-pitched and unrestrained poetic style. Early poems mostly appeared in the form of five-character poems. There are 98 existing poems in Lu Ji, among which there are the most five-character poems, with a total of 365,438+0 poems on 29 topics, about two-thirds of which were written in the early stage.

Read Lu's early poems carefully, in which there are many fresh and magnificent languages. For example, in the title of Villa Rate (1) in the Spring Festival Evening, "You can't choose trees when singing, but you can't be scared when playing with fish", "It's a beautiful day, and you can overlook the grange" and "The trees and trees are blooming in the sky and the scenery is moving around". May this always be the case, and the phenology will be new year after year. Another example is Liu Sheng's poem "Jade Feather with Sheath, Golden Carved Horse with Fringe", Zhannan's poem "Carving Bows at Night, Riding an Iron Ride into the Sky" and "Watching Lights at Fifteen Nights". This fresh and magnificent language style is also the concrete embodiment of the poet's high-pitched and unrestrained poetic style in the early stage. [ 12]

Second, the later period

After getting sick, Lu suffered from "wind disease" and fell into a desperate situation, which was in sharp contrast with the early glory and reuse of Top Gun. His poetic creation has changed from a positive and high-spirited style in the early stage to a quiet poetic realm, and his style tends to be sad. This style is reflected in the following aspects:

First of all, the poems of later generations are mostly "venting anger" after illness, and their style is sad.

The poems in Lu's later period were mostly influenced by illness, expressing infinite anxiety and anger after illness, and their style was sad. Sorrow and illness deprived him of his official career, such as the poem "Lost Goose". The poet compares himself to a lonely goose that has lost its flock. The poet lying in an empty mountain is like a goose in a cage in his poem. He is full of longing and envy for those geese who have become county officials. It can be seen that although Lu was ill in bed in his later years, he was still deeply concerned about Chaoyang Pool and Phoenix Pool, and it was difficult to give up. Unfortunately, the relentless illness robbed the poet of his lifelong pursuit of professional life, leaving him trapped in a cage and in a difficult situation, which was heartbreaking to read. The meaning of another poem, The Lonely Goose, is quite similar to that of Wild Goose. The poet still compares himself with the lonely goose, expressing the resentment of losing his official career and fame and failing to satisfy his talents. By singing with friends, the poet once again portrayed himself as a lonely goose, feeling sad that Wan Li, not far from the north and south, was weathered by bows and arrows and became a "out of line" and "out of line" wild goose. However, this lonely goose still hopes to fly to Shanglin's hometown with feathers, which shows that the poet's yearning for official career is at least not desperate.

Sorrow and illness in the poet's later poems robbed him of his love and relatives. The image of "lonely goose" appeared many times in Lu's later poems, which is a symbol of the poet's loss of love and loneliness after illness in his later years. For example, the poet's famous seven-character ancient poem "it is hard to go", not to mention how philosophical the second half of this poem is, only reading the first half, we have deeply felt the poet's helplessness in driving away former literati friends. The poet saw through the human feelings in the world and was abandoned by the society in the barren hills.

The sadness and anger in the poet's later poems deprived him of his living conditions. Ruthless illness took away Lu's political ideals and literary friends, and also brutally took away the poet's health, and finally drove him to the wall. His poem "Lying in the Mountain" is a vivid portrayal of life at that time. When the poet lies in an isolated empty mountain, he spends his time in the mountain like a walking corpse. From his own hardships, we can see that he has been tortured by illness to the point where "people are not like people and ghosts are not like ghosts". When the health on which they live is completely deprived, the sick poet hopes to get rid of physical and mental pain as soon as possible and fantasizes that he can learn Taoism and become an immortal.

In a word, Lu's later poems recorded the poet's painful experience of being tortured by illness, which deprived him of his professional ideal, literary friends and living conditions, and made his works in this period have obvious sadness.

Secondly, most of the later poems are ancient, five-character poems and Sao poems.

Different from the five laws used in his early creation, Lu chose classical Chinese, five-character poems or Sao poems after his illness. The change of this style has certain regularity, which is due to the short length of the previous five laws and the restriction of metrical rules, which limits the poet to express his worries and anger directly; However, ancient poems and five-character poems are long, while Sao style and Fu are good at expressing feelings. These forms are convenient for poets to express their overwhelming anxiety and indignation after their illness.

In addition, dim, sad and sentimental images are often used in the poems of the late Lu Dynasty, such as lonely geese, dead trees, hate platforms, and spotted temples. , formed a distinct image group, and the poet's early poems in the clear white clouds, bright moon, summer lotus and autumn tree became a sharp contrast. In the language of later poetry, words such as "loneliness", "independence", "sadness" and "sadness" are often used to construct a unique semantic field, which is quite different from the fresh and magnificent language of the previous period.

Looking at the late poems, whether it is the sad style of his poems, the ancient sad form that he is good at lyric, or the dim, sad and sad images and language in his poems, all clearly reflect the sad style characteristics of his late poems.