Ask the great god to explain the relationship between Japanese trams, Shinkansen, JR and subway.

Do you dare to talk nonsense upstairs? It's better not to answer if you answer in a mess.

Let's just say.

Japan's railway system is quite complicated, and dizziness is normal.

So I came to tell you.

Japan's railway trunk lines were basically electrified after the war. With the economic recovery and growth, the former locomotives and vehicles were gradually replaced by bullet trains. The first operating EMU is the fast tram "Echo" between Tokyo and Osaka, and the first sleeper tram is the 583 series "Moonlight". After that, motorization began to be widely promoted. Until today, except for freight trains and a few specially reserved night sleeper express trains with tourist nature, Japan has always been dominated by motor trains.

At present, most of the trains in Japan are electrified EMUs, called trams, which are equivalent to the Chinese word "EMU". Trains running on railways without electrification have a Japanese word, which is equivalent to DMU in Chinese.

Both EMUs and diesel EMUs are EMUs. Both JR and China Railway have operations.

Typical "tram", pay attention to the white JR sign on the front of the car, indicating that this line belongs to JR.

Shinkansen is a high-speed train system in Japan, which belongs to trams (because it is an electrified railway), but it is different from ordinary trains. The biggest difference lies in the gauge. Japanese ordinary trains adopt the narrow gauge system of 1.067mm (except for a few special lines), while Shinkansen all adopt the international unified gauge system of 1.435mm, which makes it impossible to communicate with each other. In order to distinguish, ordinary trams are called "incoming lines" in Japanese, while Shinkansen has become a trademark and a special term.

All shinkansen are affiliated to Jr.

JR is the abbreviation of "Japan Railway", formerly known as Japan Railway (JNR, Guodian), and then officially split and privatized in April 1987, becoming a group company. Completely inherit the lines and all operating institutions of China Railway. There are many modes of transportation, such as Shinkansen, trams and even ferries and buses, as well as hotels, but there is no subway. Not a car, but a group company.

So the so-called relationship between JR and the subway. It is necessary to mention a word "sensitive iron". In Japan, private consortia are allowed to invest in the railway industry. Railways invested by private consortia are called private railways or civil railways. It is a railway company invested and operated by a private consortium (after privatization, JR can participate in shares as a commercial activity, but it is generally not the controlling party. In the era of national railways, you can't participate in shares). This part of the railway is not a state-owned enterprise, and the shareholders of the company are completely responsible for their own profits and losses. All subways are operated by private railways, and JR does not include subway business (a few lines can be directly connected to the subway).

http://www.mintetsu.or.jp/

Japan Private Railway Association, including the introduction of local private railways.

finally

The so-called さくらぜんせんん refers to the date forecast of the second flowering of cherry blossoms from south to north. Japan is a long and narrow island country, and the climate between the north and the south is very different. Cherry blossoms open from south to north in turn, forming a front that opens from south to north. This date is published regularly by the Meteorological Agency every year.

It was about the time when cherry blossoms opened all over Japan last year.

March 23, Fukuoka, Kagoshima; Hiroshima on March 24; Osaka on March 26; March 27th Takamatsu, Nagoya, Shizuoka and Tokyo; Kyoto on March 28; March 3 1 Songjiang; April 3, Utsunomiya; April 5 Kanazawa; Niigata April10; Sendai April11; April 13 Nagano; April 2 1 Rishenggang; April 24 Aomori; May 1 hakodate; Sapporo on May 4th.

This has nothing to do with the railway