The origin of the current lunar calendar

The lunar calendar we are using now is the constitutional calendar revised by Tang Ruowang, a famous German Jesuit missionary in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

Li Shixian was written in the late Ming Dynasty and promulgated in the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1645). Formal use of fixed gas. This is the fifth and last great reform in the calendar history of our country. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, after more than 40 years of practical measurement, the Chongzhen almanac was compiled by quoting western laws, but it died before it was officially promulgated. In the early Qing Dynasty, Tang Ruowang, a Catholic Jesuit missionary, abridged it and presented it to the Qing government. The Qing government renamed it "A New Book of Western Calendars" and compiled an almanac based on its data, which was called "Current Constitutional Calendar". The constitutional calendar cancels the division of the whole year into 24 parts, thus determining the level of solar terms (constant gas), and formally adopts the constant gas based on the position of the sun on the ecliptic. The old calendar used in modern times is the constitutional calendar, which is usually called the summer calendar or the lunar calendar.

Poetry Fairy Calendar was compiled by Xu Guangqi and others in the late Ming Dynasty according to the New Western Law. In the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1644), German missionary Tang Ruowang dedicated it to the Qing court, and Prince Dourgen named it "Poet Fairy" and promulgated it. Tang Ruowang was awarded fifteen years by Qin Tian's boss (1658). It is also sealed by a product. Therefore, the influence of Jesuit missionaries expanded, and the number of Christians in various places once increased to more than 6.5438 million, which eventually led to conflicts. In the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), Hui Ke Wu Mingxuan, Qin's predecessor, made a mistake in the new law and asked him to "rebuild it to preserve his unique knowledge". Yang Guang, a student of Xin 'an health official, put forward "fallacious abstraction" and "alternative discussion" and attacked the new law. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), Yang Guangxian resumed "please punish the cult", which was discussed by the king. Accused of several absurd reasons, Tang Ruowang and others were sentenced to a year in the following year. Later, due to the earthquake, Tang was pardoned and only five Qin officials, including Li Zubai, were killed, and the "Shi Jing" was also abolished. Yang Guangxian was appointed as Qin Tianjian, and Wu Mingxian (Xuan Ming's younger brother) was appointed as the deputy supervisor, thus "reusing the unified old technology". After several years of operation, the error is getting bigger and bigger. Ferdinand verbiest, a Belgian missionary with the new law, and Yang Guangxian with the old law were at loggerheads. In November of the 7th year of Kangxi (1668), the Commissioner inspected the actual observation of two companies and proved that the new law was superior to the old one. Yang Guangxian was removed from office, and ferdinand verbiest was appointed as Qin's deputy supervisor. When Kangxi resumed business in the ninth year (1670), he made a constitutional calendar. After this struggle, the new law finally defeated the old law, but it also limited the spread of the Qing court to Jesuits.

Our present Spring Festival actually has a history of more than 300 years, which began during the reign of Emperor Kangxi.

Li Shixian