The significance of Chinese descendants

Yanhuang: Emperor Shennong, the Yellow Emperor has bears, representing the ancestors of the Chinese nation. Descendants of Chinese people. Refers to the descendants of the Chinese nation. Also known as "descendants of Huangyan".

Historical sources:

The descendants of the Chinese people call themselves China people. "Yan" refers to Emperor Yan, the same as Jiang Shuicheng (now Baoji City). "Yellow" refers to the Yellow Emperor, which is made of Jishui (now Wugong Qishui River in Shaanxi Province). Emperor Yanhuang is the ancestor of China. Legend has it that they came from the same tribe and later became the leaders of two rival tribes. Two tribes started the battle of Hanquan, and the Yellow Emperor defeated Yan Di. These two tribes gradually merged into Huaxia nationality, which was called Han nationality after the Han Dynasty. Yan Di and the Yellow Emperor are also the ancestors of China's culture and technology. It is said that they and their courtiers and descendants created almost all the important inventions in ancient times.

Text analysis:

Yanhuang: Emperor Shennong, the Yellow Emperor has bears, representing the ancestors of the Chinese nation. Yan Di (Yan Di; Emperor Yan), one of the ancestors of China, the Yellow Emperor; The Yellow Emperor is also known as the ancestor of China and the tribal leader in ancient China. Also known as Chi Di and Shanshi Lie, they were born in Jiang Shui (now Baoji City) about 6,000 to 5,500 years ago. Emperor Yan made thunder and planted grains. Establish the market and open the market for the first time. Use hemp as cloth, and people wear clothes. Make banjo to entertain people. Cut wood into bows to dominate the world. Make pottery to improve life. He is the humanistic ancestor of the Chinese nation. He formed an alliance with the Yellow Emperor and gradually formed the Chinese nation. ?

Yellow Emperor (Yellow Emperor; Yellow Emperor) (27 17- 2599). Xuanyuan Huangdi is one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, the earliest ancestor of mankind, and is also known as the ancestor of China with Yandi, who was born on the bank of Jiang Shui in Baoji today, and is the leader of the ancient tribal alliance in China. The son of Shaodian, formerly known as Gongsun, lived in Jishui (Wugong Qishui River in Shaanxi Province), so he changed his surname to Ji and lived in the hill of Xuanyuan, hence the name Xuanyuan. He was born, started a business, and built his capital with Xiong (now Xinzheng), so he is also called Xiong. Because of his virtue, he was named the Yellow Emperor. He went down in history with his great achievements in unifying the Chinese nation. Sow hundreds of flowers and trees, vigorously develop production, start making clothes, build ships and cars, invent compasses, count numbers, make melodies and create medicine. During this period, there are words. Huangdi is the first of the five emperors and has four wives, including Lei Zu and Mo Mu. Chinese descendants refer to the descendants of the Chinese nation. Also known as "descendants of Huangyan".

Source:

The descendants of the Yellow Emperor, also known as the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, are the self-proclaimed Chinese nation. "Mandarin Zhou Yuxia" says: "The emperor is good, but the world is the only one, and he is given the surname' Yu' and' Ranger', which means that he can share wealth with Jia Zhi. Four Yue countries, named, gave their surnames' Jiang' and' Youlu', saying that they could become friends with Yu and improve people's things. ..... Although there is decline in summer, the gas and fat are still there; Although Shen and Lu are failing, Qi and Xu are still there. Only Jia Gong, who is worshipped by his surname, will be lost at the end of the world. Therefore, his surname is death, and he is depressed; Without a master after death, I will be transferred to another country. Don't you have any affection for the dead? All yellow, after inflammation. " That is to say, after Gun, Yu and Xia people, there are countries such as Gonggong, April and Jiang surname, "all of which are Huang Shangyan." The descendants of China in the pre-Qin period included Xia, Shang, Ji and Jiang, that is, a country that inherited Chinese civilization and took Yi, Zi, Yuan, Ji and Jiang as surnames. [3]? For example, the Zhou royal family and countries with the surname of Ji, such as Lu, Jin, Zheng, Wei, Han, Wei, Yan, Yu and Guo; Countries such as Qi, Shen, Lu and Xu all have Jiang surnames. Xu, Huang, Tan, Jiang, Zhao, Qin and so on. Won the surname Guo, son surnamed Song. The combination of Yan and Huang began. "Historical Records of Zen" contains: "Qin Linggong was appointed as the Emperor in Wuyang; Become a monk and sacrifice to Emperor Yan. " Legend has it that Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang are regarded as the ancestors of the Chinese nation. "Mandarin Today" contains: "In the past, the marriage was especially high when you were young, and you gave birth to the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di. The Yellow Emperor took Jishui (now Qishui River in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province) as his country, and Emperor Yan took Jiang Shui (now Qingjiang River in Baoji, Shaanxi Province) as his country. Merits are different, so the Yellow Emperor is discipline, not ginger. The two emperors used teachers to help each other, and the principle of virtue and difference was also. " This is the earliest historical data that we can see to record the birthplace of Emperor Yan and Huangdi. Therefore, they are two similar tribal leaders, both of whom originated in the Weihe River basin in central Shaanxi. Later, the two tribes launched the battle of Hanquan, the Yellow Emperor defeated Yandi, and the two tribes gradually merged into the Huaxia nationality. Yan Di and the Yellow Emperor are also the ancestors of China's culture and technology. It is said that they and their courtiers and descendants created almost all the important inventions in ancient times. ?

Later, several legendary ancient emperors were regarded as the direct descendants of the Yellow Emperor until the Xia, Shang and Zhou emperors, and even barbarians and barbarians were included in this system. Later emperors also claimed that they were descendants of the Yellow Emperor. Almost all surnames can be traced back to Yandi, Huangdi or their courtiers. Ethnic minorities who have accepted Chinese culture (such as Xiongnu and Xianbei). ) also claimed to be descendants of the Chinese people, descendants of the Chinese people. Yelvyan, the minister of Liao Dynasty, called Qidan after the Yellow Emperor in A Record of the Imperial Dynasty. The History of Liao Dynasty, Ji Zan of Taizu, and Preface to the World Declare that Qidan is behind Emperor Yan. In recent years, the descendants of the Khitan discovered in Yunnan have preserved a genealogy of "Shi Dian Chang Luo Fu", which was revised in the Ming Dynasty. There is a seven-character poem in front of it, saying, "Emperor Yan, the ancestor of the Liao Dynasty ...". These Khitans also believe that the Khitans are Miao people in Yan Di.

In the late Qing Dynasty, this concept spread more widely with the construction of nationalism in China. In the late Qing Dynasty, the early revolutionaries who rebelled against the Manchu rule won the support of the Han people with the slogan "descendants of the Chinese people, descendants of the Chinese people", while the radical revolutionaries believed that "descendants of the Chinese people are the only Han people". Moderate reformers believe that "China is a descendant of the Chinese people". Faced with the invasion and occupation by western powers, people of insight, including ethnic minorities, called for breaking national boundaries and uniting China under the banner of "descendants of the Chinese people". In the face of the crisis of national subjugation and species extinction caused by foreign aggression, the concept of "descendants of the Chinese people, descendants of the Chinese people" has become a symbol of China people's national cohesion with ancestor worship as its basic culture. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the title of "descendants of the Chinese people" was shaped as a reference symbol of the Chinese nation in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and became a banner calling on and inspiring Chinese at home and abroad to jointly resist Japan. During the Republic of China, "all China people are descendants of the Chinese people" and it has become a consensus that all China people are descendants of the Chinese people.

Meaning:

"Yanhuang" refers to the leaders of two different tribes in primitive society of China. Yan Di, surnamed Jiang, is the leader of the clan. They entered the Central Plains from the west nomadic, and had a long-term inter-tribal conflict with the Jiuli nationality headed by Chiyou. Finally, he was forced to flee to Zhuolu (now Hebei Province). With the help of Huangdi clan, Chiyou was attacked and killed. Huangdi's surname is Ji and his name is Xuanyuan. Later, in Hanquan (according to legend, Hanquan was in Huailai County, Hebei Province), there were three conflicts between Yan and Huang. The Huangdi clan defeated the Yan Di clan and entered the Central Plains from the northwest.

The Yellow Emperor and Yan Di, as well as some tribes living in the east and south, gradually merged in the Spring and Autumn Period to form the Chinese nation, which was called the Han nationality after the Han Dynasty. Among the nationalities and tribes in the Central Plains at that time, the Huangdi clan was stronger and had a higher culture, so the Huangdi clan became the representative of the Central Plains culture. Emperor Yanhuang became the ancestor of the Han nationality. Also known as the ancestor of the Chinese nation. Therefore, people often refer to the Chinese nation as "descendants of the Chinese people" or "descendants of the Chinese people". Chinese descendants have become synonymous with the Chinese nation.

Folklore:

Among a large number of myths and legends about Emperor Yan, the person with the greatest ability and the most inventions is the Yellow Emperor. Legend has it that he invented cars, boats, pots, mirrors and made crossbows. It is also said that the Yellow Emperor asked Cangjie to create characters, Linglun made musical rules, made jiazi, and Qi Bo wrote medical books.

It is said that the Huangdi and Yan Di nationalities first lived in Shaanxi. The Huangdi family finally settled near Zhuolu, Hebei. Emperor Yan finally arrived in the present Shandong area. Chiyou is the leader of Jiuli nationality. The areas where Jiuli people live are mainly in Shandong, Henan and Anhui today. According to legend, Yan Di and Jiuli fought for a fertile land in the Yellow River basin. The Yan Di clan was defeated and turned to the Huangdi clan for help. Huang heyan merged.

According to the above myths and legends, we can see that the Yellow Emperor, Yan Di and Jiuli tribes were gradually ruled by the Yellow Emperor, who became the common ancestor of China's multi-ethnic countries. Later, all ethnic groups thought they were descendants of the Chinese people and were called "descendants of the Chinese people".

Historical development:

The migration map of descendants of the Yellow Emperor "descendants of the Yellow Emperor" is the pride of Chinese at home and abroad. The word really appeared and was widely used in the late Qing Dynasty, but its embryonic form "after Huangyan", "descendants of the Chinese people" and "descendants of the Chinese people" existed as early as the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties. These are all different manifestations of the title of "descendants of the Chinese people" in different times and contexts. "Guoyu Yujin" said: "In the past, young people married Yougao and gave birth to Huangdi and Yan Di. The Yellow Emperor became a drowning man, and Emperor Yan became a Jiang Shui. " There were no words in the Yanhuang period, and it was impossible to have such titles as "descendants of Yanhuang" and "descendants of Huangdi", but it laid a solid foundation for such titles to appear in later generations.

Huangdi Mausoleum:

Deng Xiaoping 1988 The Huangdi Mausoleum is located on a hill of pines and cypresses in huangling county, Shaanxi Province, China. It is the tomb of Xuanyuan, the ancestor of the Chinese nation. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor ascended to heaven, so the mausoleum is a cenotaph. Located in Beiqiao Mountain, huangling county City, Shaanxi Province; 196 1 year, the State Council was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and was listed as the "No.1 ancient tomb", known as "the first mausoleum in the world". Huangdi Mausoleum, called "Qiaoling" in ancient times, is the place where emperors and celebrities in China offered sacrifices to Huangdi. According to records, the earliest sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor began in 442 BC. Since its completion in the fifth year of the Tang Dynasty (770), the temple has been a place for holding national festivals in past dynasties. Now every year in Tomb-Sweeping Day, many Chinese people at home and abroad go there to worship their ancestors.

National construction:

It is typical arbitrariness and speculation to say that China people call themselves descendants of the Yellow Emperor because they came from the nation-state construction in the late Qing Dynasty.

Legend has it that Yan Di and Huangdi were two tribal leaders in the Central Plains more than 4,000 years ago. Together, they defeated the Chiyou tribe and established the dominant position of the Chinese nation in China. The two tribes of Yanhuang finally merged into Huaxia tribe, and finally formed the Chinese nation in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The rise of the legendary Yellow Emperor Yan Di tribe coincides with the explosive expansion of Longshan culture 4,600 years ago discovered by modern archaeology, which confirms the credibility of the legendary records to some extent.

It is precisely because Emperor Yan and Huangdi themselves were leaders who made great contributions to the integration of the Chinese nation in ancient China, so since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, at least the royal families of the Central Plains countries have traced their ancestors back to the two tribes of Yan Di and Huangdi. The reason for this situation is precisely because the Chinese nation finally completed the formation of the Chinese nation through long-term exchanges and communication during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Its performance is that the Chinese nation not only tends to be consistent in language, writing, culture and customs.

The term "descendants of the Chinese people" emphasizes the integration of blood and culture. From more than 4,000 years ago to today, China people went to Huaxia and then to the tribal alliance of the Chinese nation, intermarried and merged with each other, and their cultures exchanged and learned from each other. China people's blood flows in each other's blood, which is also the basis for us to call ourselves descendants of the Chinese people. After so many people claim to be the Yellow Emperor, it may not conform to the historical facts, but it really reflects the recognition of the world on the pedigree of the national ancestors with the Yellow Emperor as the core.