Customs and habits of Spring Festival in various places

The Spring Festival of Zhuang nationality lasts for three days from the 30th to the first and second days of the first month. On New Year's Eve, every household will kill chickens and ducks, steam braised pork, lean meat powder and barbecued pork. Rice should be steamed a lot on New Year's Eve, which symbolizes wealth. There should be boiled chicken, old people's families, stewed pig's trotters and whole chicken on the dining table. Zongzi is an indispensable food for the Zhuang people during the Spring Festival, but they don't eat zongzi on the eve of New Year's Eve. Zongzi of Zhuang nationality is a kind of aristocratic food, the big one weighs one or two years, and the small one weighs only two or three times. In addition, there is a kind of "Feng Mo", which means extra-large zongzi, weighing one or twenty kilograms. Zongzi is delicious. On the first and second day of the first month, guests will eat zongzi. During the Spring Festival, cultural and sports activities such as singing, dancing and ball games will be held.

The Tibetan New Year

According to Tibetan scholars, in ancient times, the Spring Festival in Tibet was not celebrated at the turn of winter and spring, but in summer. "Wheat ripens at the beginning of the year." "Under the snowy mountain, wheat turns yellow, and a happy New Year is coming." Now, in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, there is a tradition of "looking for fruit" before the autumn harvest. People wear ancient costumes, ride horses, pray in circles along the harvested highland barley, ride horses and shoot arrows, dance around the bonfire, and entertain themselves and the local patron saint. According to legend, this is a relic of the Spring Festival in June in ancient Tibet.

There is also the "wheat harvest is the beginning of a year" on the first day of October in the Tibetan calendar. The Kampot (Linzhi) area, 400 kilometers east of Lhasa, is surrounded by snow-capped mountains and virgin forests. It is still the first day of October in the Tibetan calendar and is called Kampot Lotha. According to the historical records of Tibet, the Kampot region has a very long history. Bonism, the primitive religion of Tibet, was very popular here long before the establishment of the Tubo Dynasty. The Tibetan calendar celebrates the New Year in October, which originated in ancient times.

Around the 3rd century, when the sagar dynasty ruled Tibet, Tibetans celebrated the New Year in the first month of the Tibetan calendar. However, farmers usually celebrate the New Year on the first day of1February, which is called "Solang Losa". Because in the first month of the Tibetan calendar, spring is budding, and farmers are not in the mood for the New Year when farming is busy.

Wear the most beautiful clothes and the most precious jewels in the new year. Even people with poor economic conditions should prepare a robe or one or two rough decorations for the New Year, which is called "Saju" in Tibetan, that is, new clothes. Of course, all this stems from the Tibetan people's love for beauty. However, there is also a saying that Xin Chou, the god king, wants to observe the life of the world from a bronze mirror. Everyone is wearing beautiful clothes. He is very happy, giving some benefits to the world. Wearing rags, he is depressed and brings disaster and plague. Therefore, wearing new clothes during the Spring Festival means pleasing the king of God. On the third day of the first month, the people of Lhasa walked out of the noisy market in droves and went to Aquarius Mountain in the eastern suburb and Wangyaoshan Mountain in the western suburb, where they planted flags and hung banners to worship the mountain gods and water gods.

On the fifth day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar, farmers in the suburbs of Lhasa will hold a grand ploughing ceremony. Farmers put on holiday clothes, and strong cows are dressed more beautifully. They have ghee patterns on their foreheads, red flags and colored feathers on their horns, colored satin on their shoulders, shells and turquoise on the satin, and colored ribbons on their tails. It is no exaggeration to describe them as "beautifully dressed".

Mongolian nationality

The Mongolians always advocate white, so they call the first month of the lunar calendar "Bai Yue" and the Spring Festival in China "White Festival". Preparations for the Mongolian New Year began on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month. Besides cleaning, bathing and arranging yurts, people should also put on new clothes, red tassels and new saddles. Give the whole cow and sheep with Hada to their closest relatives and friends. Eat "hand-grabbed meat" on New Year's Eve to show family reunion. In the early morning of the first day of the first month, we first propose a toast to our elders and then propose a toast to our peers. Friends and relatives exchange Hada, congratulations on your good luck in the new year. On the first day, you must pay New Year greetings to your elders in the morning.

Bai (ba)

Bai people began to worship each other and give gifts to each other on New Year's Eve. After midnight, young men and women competed for water to show their diligence. In the morning, the whole family drank sugar water soaked with rice fragrance, wishing the days were sweeter than honey. After breakfast, the children, led by adults, went to their relatives and friends' homes to pay New Year greetings to their elders. Playing dragon lanterns, dancing lions and beating the overlord whip are essential activities in the festival.

Cloth (BY)

Buyi people should prepare festival foods such as Baba and rice wine before New Year's Eve, and stay up until dawn on New Year's Eve. When the cock crowed at dawn, the girls rushed to the river to fetch water. Whoever takes the first sip of water shows that she is the most hardworking and happy.

Korean nation

On New Year's Eve, Korean families stayed up all night, and the ancient Gayeqin and flute brought people into the New Year. During the festival, men, women and children indulge in singing and dancing, and hold competitions such as springboard pressing and tug-of-war. On the fifteenth night of the first month, a traditional celebration was held, and several elected old people boarded the "moon-watching frame" to see the bright moon first, which meant that their descendants were healthy, progressive and all the best. Then, everyone danced around the lighted "moon-watching frame" with the drum, flute and suona music.

Daur

The Daur people call the Spring Festival "Agne". On the morning of New Year's Eve, every family cleans the courtyard and piles it up with sundries and livestock manure in front of the gate. After the chimney is lit at night, the air is filled with faint smoke, and the festive atmosphere is everywhere. Old people throw large pieces of meat, steamed bread, jiaozi and other foods into the fire, wishing people and animals good health and a bumper harvest. In the evening, the whole family ate hand-grabbed meat and carried out various activities to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. People plant incense sticks in the snow on the west side of the house and bow to the west to show their memory of their ancestors. On New Year's Eve, everyone eats jiaozi, and jiaozi is wrapped with white lines, which means longevity. During the Spring Festival, there are hockey games, masquerade parties, listening to books and singing games.

high mountain

During the Spring Festival, people of Gaoshan nationality wear gorgeous national costumes, gather in groups to drink at the edge of the village, and enjoy singing and dancing with the accompaniment of musical instruments. Some villages also hold harpoon competitions and carry out sports activities, such as lifting basketball and pole ball.

Hezhe ethnic group

The Hezhe Spring Festival is the happiest program of the year. On New Year's Eve, everyone will cook New Year's Eve, cut window grilles and put up lanterns. On New Year's Day, girls, women and children all put on new clothes embroidered with clouds and went to friends and relatives' homes to pay New Year's greetings. Fish banquet is a delicacy for Hezhe people to entertain guests, including "raw fish" with sour and spicy flavor, "fried fish hair" with crispy flavor and transparent and bright red salmon roe. Skiing, shooting grass targets and crossing grass balls are the entertainment activities that Hezhe teenagers are obsessed with.

Lahu people

The Lahu people celebrate the New Year from the first day to the fourth day of the first month, and from the ninth day to the eleventh day of the first month. On the thirtieth night of the twelfth lunar month, pigs will be killed to make glutinous rice, and every household will make a pair of big Baba, which symbolizes the stars, indicating that in the new year, the weather is good and the crops are abundant. Lahu people also have the custom of getting together to keep the old age.

Manchu

Manchu people need stick grilles, couplets and the word "God" to celebrate the Spring Festival. This year, the whole family will buy jiaozi, jiaozi should pay attention to wrinkles, and jiaozi, the monk's head, can't be pinched off, for fear that he will be "bald" all his life. Jiaozi needs rows of bags, which symbolizes the wealth of the new year extending in all directions. Jiaozi can't be placed in a circle, for fear that there is no way to live.

She ethnic group

During the Spring Festival, she people should adopt homophonic characters and wish them good luck in the new year and stick to it every day. On the first day of New Year's Day, the She people paid homage to Pan Hu's ancestor, and the whole family paid homage to the "Pan Gu Zutu" (a portrait drawn according to the legend of Pan Hu), telling the hardships of their ancestors in starting a business.

Tujia nationality

Tujia people want to jump "waves" during the Spring Festival. In the past, when dancing swing dance, three cages were hung in the "Wave Hall", in which the heads and hooves of pig heads, pork, incense sticks and wild boar were hung. Then, the old toast in red cassock and crown held musical instruments, waved and shouted, and all men, women and children participated. After worshipping God, they danced. Nowadays, Tujia people not only dance with their hands, but also play with dragon lanterns, lions, plays and martial arts.

Department of Veterans Affairs

Wa people congratulate each other on New Year's Day, especially the elders in the stockade. During the New Year's greetings, the two sides presented plantains, glutinous rice Baba and sugarcane to each other, symbolizing unity and harmony. Wa men and women in Cangyuan and other places gather in the square to dance in a circle on holiday nights, while elderly women wear long skirts. Dozens of people in a team, hand in hand on the shoulders of their predecessors, singing ancient songs and moving lightly.