History of orchids

Orchids belong to Orchidaceae and are monocotyledonous perennial herbs. 20 ~ 40 cm high and long cylindrical roots. Leaves clustered from stems, linear-lanceolate, slightly leathery, 2-3 pieces in a bunch. Racemes, perianth with 2 whorls, fleshy, inner whorl with 3 petals, 2 petals upright, lower petal lip-shaped, rolled outward, with or without purplish red spots on it, stamens and styles combine to form Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and the color varies from yellow-brown to light yellow, which is different from the solid color without brown. Roots are tufted, fleshy and cylindrical. The budding fruit is triangular, and there are few kinds. In early spring, most flower stems germinate from leaves, and there is a flower at the top of each flower stem, which is yellow-green and fragrant.

Orchids are usually divided into two types: China orchids and Eupatorium adenophorum. Orchids originated in China, so they are called China orchids. Orchids in China are mainly produced in subtropical Asia, mainly distributed in mountainous areas, southwest, south China and Taiwan Province Province of the Yangtze River valley in China. Orchids are mostly produced in tropical and subtropical forest areas.

Orchids are one of the ancient flowers in China. Cultivated for more than 2000 years, there are about 100 varieties. According to the flowering time, there are Chunlan, Xia Lan, Qiu Lan, Hanlan and Yuanlan.

Orchids have high ornamental value. They are unpretentious, with evergreen leaves, soft and firm leaves, clear flowers and natural hair, ranking first among the "four elegant flowers and plants". Therefore, people regard orchids as "fragrant ancestors", "national fragrance" and "the best fragrance in the world". Orchids are native to deep mountain canyons. They are not fragrant because there is no one, nor do they wither because of cold, so they are called "gentlemen in flowers". Orchid is one of the precious flowers in China, with beautiful leaves, charming appearance and fragrant smell. Therefore, the people of China have always loved orchids and accumulated a lot of experience in raising orchids, such as "spring does not come out, summer does not last, autumn is not dry, and winter is not wet." And "orchid cultivation strategy".

Orchids and orchids that we often see are only a small part of cultivated species with ornamental value, and there are a large number of wild orchids distributed all over the world.

Guo Lan

Orchids in China, referred to as Orchids for short, usually refer to some terrestrial species of Orchids. Pseudobulb is small with linear leaves and fleshy roots; The stems are erect, with many flowers 1 ~ 10. Flowers are small and fragrant, usually light green with purple spots. The morphology and flowering period of leaves and flowers of different species are very different. South and southwest of Qinling Mountains. It has a long cultivation history of at least 1000 years and is one of the top ten traditional famous flowers in China. Since ancient times, people have regarded orchids as a symbol of nobility, elegance, patriotism and unyielding. Form a blue culture with strong national characteristics of China. Propagation by rameting, sowing or tissue culture. Humus soil potted plants require good ventilation and drainage; Like semi-cloudy and semi-humid environment, the overwintering temperature of Chinese cymbidium and Chinese cymbidium is about 65438 00℃, and the rest is about 5℃.

Today's China orchid-Guo Langu is called Huilan. Just as Huang Tingjian (1045 ~ 1 105) described orchids in Youfangge: "Those who are full of flowers are orchids, and those who are full of flowers are not fragrant enough."

We in China appreciate and cultivate orchids much earlier than in the West. As early as 2400 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius, the cultural master of China, once said, "Orchid is a valley, not for nobody, but for poverty." He also called orchids "the fragrance of kings", which has been passed down to this day, proving the status of orchids in China's history and culture.

However, there are different views on the description of Lan in Confucius' time. Some people think that during the Spring and Autumn Period, Wei was in northern Henan (now hua county) and Lu was in Shandong. On the way from northern Henan to Shandong, Confucius could not see lush wild orchids. So when he said Eupatorium adenophorum, he actually meant Eupatorium adenophorum, a compositae herb. However, some people hold another view that Confucius said that orchids were born in valleys, which is a very apt description of the ecological environment of orchids at that time. Moreover, the climate at that time was warmer than today, and bamboo was still growing in Henan, so orchids must be distributed in mountainous areas with bamboo. Therefore, it is not unusual for Confucius to see orchids alone when he was crossing deep mountains and deep valleys. What he said is actually the orchid he said today.

At first, the ancients mainly collected wild orchids. As for the artificial cultivation of orchids, it started from the court. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, orchids were cultivated from the palace to the private gardens of the literati class, which were used to decorate gardens and beautify the environment, as described in Cao Zhi's poem "Qiu Lan was given a long slope". It was not until the Tang Dynasty that the cultivation of orchids developed into the cultivation of general gardens and flower farmers. For example, Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote poems such as "Lan Xiang is far away and Lan Cao Xiang is far away".

The Song Dynasty is the heyday in the history of orchid art in China, and there are many books and descriptions about orchid art. For example, in Er Ya Yi written by Luo Yuan in the Song Dynasty, the leaves of orchids are like sand, which originated in early spring. The flowers are very fragrant, probably from the forest. When the breeze passes by, their fragrance spreads to the outside, so they are called Lan Zhi. Orchids in Jiangnan only work in spring, and orchids in Jingchu and Fujian are fragrant in autumn and summer. Zhang Jin Lan Pu, written by Zhao Shigeng in the Southern Song Dynasty on 1233, can be said to be the earliest existing orchid monograph in China and the first one in the world. This book is divided into three volumes and five parts. The morphological characteristics of more than 30 varieties of Chinese cymbidium (mainly Chinese cymbidium) and Chinese cymbidium (Jimo cymbidium) are briefly described, and the taste of orchids is discussed. Following Zhang Jin's Orchid Spectrum, Wang Guixue wrote Wang Shi's Orchid Spectrum in 1247, which described more than 30 orchid varieties in detail. In addition, there is a book Lanpu Aofa in Song Dynasty, which mainly describes the cultivation methods, which are divided into seven parts: seed-dividing method, flower planting method, sedimentation irrigation method, watering method, flower planting method, ant lice removal method and miscellaneous method. As for Wu Zan's book Necessary for Planting Art, it also introduces the cultivation of orchids. 1256, Chen Jingyi wrote The Northern Ancestor of Fang Quan, which described orchids in detail. The whole book is collected in the Japanese Imperial Palace Library, and the photocopy was returned to China on 1979. The painting "Chunlan" with the theme of orchids in the Song Dynasty entered Chinese painting, such as Zhao's painting, which has been considered as the earliest existing famous orchid painting and is now treasured in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Lanyi once again entered a period of prosperity. With more and more varieties of orchids and more rich cultivation experience, orchid cultivation has become something that the public appreciates. At this time, many books, picture books, poems and orchids have been printed on porcelain and some handicrafts, such as Orchids in Luolizhai by Zhang Yingmin in Ming Dynasty and Orchids in Eight Chapters of Respect for Life by Gao Lian. The book Compendium of Materia Medica by Li Shizhen, a pharmacologist in the Ming Dynasty, also has a relatively complete discussion on the explanation, classification and use of orchids. There were also many monographs on orchids in the Qing Dynasty, such as Hui Lan Tong Xin Lu (1805) written by Xu Shi, a native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang. He loves orchids, is good at drawing orchids and has rich experience in orchids. This book is divided into two volumes. The first volume tells the knowledge of orchid cultivation, and the second volume tells the identification and classification methods of orchid varieties. There are 57 species recorded in the book, and sketches drawn by him are attached. Others include Lan Yan Shu lue of Yuan Dynasty, Du Fu's Four Theories, Mao Xiang's Lan Yan, Yi Xiang Jian, Tu Yongning's Jing, Lan Xing Shu lue, Yue Liang's Yang Lan Shu, Wang Hao's Guang Fang Qun Shu and Wu.

Yilan has developed into modern times, and a Brief History of Huilan published by 1923 was written by Wu Enyuan, a native of Hangzhou County, Zhejiang Province. Based on "Hui Lan Tong Xin Lu", he introduced the varieties and cultivation methods of orchids in three volumes. The book * * * describes 16 1 a famous product of Zhejiang Huilan, and is accompanied by many photos and illustrations, which are fascinating. In addition 1930 orchid planting method written by Xia Zhibin; 1950 Orchid edited by Yao and Zhu Youren in Hangzhou; Sichuan Huilan1963 compiled by Chengdu Bureau of Landscape Architecture; 1964 "Xiamen Lanpu" edited by Yan Chujiang, Fujian; Two books, Orchids of Wu 1980 and Orchids of China199/0/year, as well as books and magazines introducing orchids published in Hong Kong and Taiwan, can be said to be a great achievement of orchid research in modern China.

Yilan originated in China and spread to Japan and South Korea. Nowadays, Japanese people are very interested in China orchids, and its historical origin also began in China. Today, Japanese orchid cultivation has developed into a self-contained system, and it has developed into a base called "Oriental Orchid". As for North Korea, orchids have also become an indispensable thing admired by the Korean people and an elegant flower of the Korean people today, which is displayed in rooms, apartments and lobbies. What's more commendable is that they give orchids as a high-level gift.

Man is the soul of the universe. Lan is the English of all flowers. May nature enter the world in people's minds, and may * * * carry forward the traditional Chinese national quintessence Lanyi, make friends with Lanyi and make progress with * * *.

Katlia

Orchids are relative to orchids, generally referring to orchids other than orchids. In fact, not all of them are native to the west. Common ones are: Cattleya, Crotalaria, Phalaenopsis, Paphiopedilum, Oncidium, Vanilla, Dendrobium and so on. They pay attention to flower-shaped design, generally native to tropical and subtropical regions, mostly epiphytic, and their cultivation requires high temperature and high humidity. They are the most popular flowers in the world today.