Spend a lot of money to buy answers! What governors (or tribes) were there in the period of the Yellow Emperor?

Three Sages King and Five Emperors —— Legendary Rulers of China in Ancient Times.

Pan Gu

Is the protagonist of the well-known story of Pangu's creation of the world. It is said that Pangu opened the world with an axe. This story spread to the Northern Wei Dynasty and then to the North via Li Daoyuan. Since then, Pangu has developed from a myth spread among southern ethnic minorities to a common ancestor in Chinese national legends.

Youchao family

The legend of Youchao family has been recorded in ancient books in pre-Qin period. He is the legendary inventor of nesting. This legend reflects China's entry from cave to nest in primitive times.

Nu Wa's Family

The name of Nu Wa comes from Qu Yuan's Tian Wen: "Nu Wa has a body, who made it?" It means: Who made Nu Wa's body? Legend has it that Nu Wa made up the sky by refining stones and created human beings. This is a reflection of the myth of matriarchal society.

Suirenshi

Sui Renshi is a legendary inventor, which has been recorded in ancient books before Qin Dynasty.

Fu Xishi

Fu, also known as Bao, has made great contributions to the people. "Bao family gossip, understand the virtues of the gods, the feelings of all things." He also invented "tethered net fishing" to benefit the people.

Shennong

Shennong is the legendary Emperor Yan. Emperor Yan is the sun god of China, and it is said that he is also the god of agriculture, teaching people to farm, and also the god of medicine. According to legend, Shennong tasted a hundred herbs and made medicine. Legend has it that Shennong died of poisonous herbs he tried.

Yellow Emperor

The Yellow Emperor is the legendary ancestor of the Chinese nation. The surname is Gongsun, who lives in the hill of Xuanyuan, hence the name Xuanyuan. There are bears in China, also known as the Xiong family.

The emperor is flexible and eloquent, with noble moral sentiments, and is regarded as the leader of nomadic tribes in northwest China. He formed an alliance with Emperor Yan, defeated the invasion of Jiuli nationality led by Chiyou, and became the leader of the tribal alliance on behalf of Shennong, becoming the "Yellow Emperor". According to legend, there were many inventions during the Yellow Emperor period, such as sericulture, boating, writing, temperament, arithmetic, medicine and so on.

Yao, Shun, Xia, Shang and Zhou in history are all descendants of the Yellow Emperor, so they are called "descendants of Xuanyuan" and "descendants of the Yellow Emperor".

zhuanxu

Zhuan Xu, surnamed Ji,No. Lai. The grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the son of Changyi. At the age of twenty, the Yellow Emperor passed on the throne to him.

After the political reform, Zhuan Xu carried out an important religious reform. When they arrived in Zhuan Xu, the Jiuli people conquered by the Yellow Emperor still believed in witchcraft and worshipped ghosts and gods. Zhuan Xu banned witchcraft and forced them to obey the education of Huangdi clan, which promoted the integration between clans. He reigned for 78 years and died in his 90s. There are many descendants of Zhuan Xu, and Qu Yuan claimed to be a descendant of Zhuan Xu.

Di Ku

Last name is Ji, first name, great-grandson of Huangdi. When Di Ku was in power, he had a lot of talents and managed the country well. Di Ku ruled for more than 70 years.

Diyao

Yao Di, surnamed Yin Qi,no. Fang Xun. Because he was sealed in the Tang Dynasty, he was called "Tang Yao". Because of his high respect, people fell in love with Emperor Yao. He is serious and respectful, radiant, clear from top to bottom, can unite people's hearts and make all ethnic groups unite as one and live in harmony. Yao is simple, eating coarse rice and drinking wild vegetable soup. Nature is loved by the people.

In Yao's later years, on April 12th, Mu recommended the successor of the military leader of the tribal alliance, and everyone unanimously recommended Shun. Emperor Yao married his two daughters to Shun, made a long-term investigation on him, and finally gave up safely.

Dishun

Yao was named "Zhong Hua" because of his legendary eyes and double pupils, so he was called Yu Shun. Shun's father has a brother named Xiang. Due to the recommendation in April, Yao ordered him to take over his leadership position and married his two daughters. The main deeds of Shun recorded in Yao Dian are: ordering Hou Ji to plant hundreds of grains on time; Digging ditches for irrigation; Dredge rivers and control floods; Declare five punishments and destroy the four murderous families. Shun knows that people are good at choosing capable people. For example, Shun appointed many official positions: he appointed Yu as an agent in charge of water and soil; Abandoned as Hou Ji, in charge of agriculture; Life contract to Stuart, in charge of the five major religions; Hao Tao was ordered to administer five punishments and so on. When Shun was the leader of the League, he did all the work well, creating a harmonious situation in ancient times, so Shun became the most powerful ally of the Central Plains. As "Historical Records" said, "Virtue in the world begins with the emperor". In fact, when Shun was in power, the prototype of the state machine had already existed. Zen is located after death.

Most people think that Sui Renshi, Fu and Shennong are collectively called "san huang", while Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao Di and Shun Di are collectively called "Five Emperors". These views originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor contains Li Si's suggestion that "there were emperors in ancient times, and Huangdi, Tai Huang and Tai Huang were the most expensive."

One opinion is that san huang Fuxi, Nuwa and Shennong;

Another opinion called Huang San Fuxi, Shennong and Suiren;

The third opinion called Huang San Fuxi, Shennong and Zhu Rong.

There is also a view that Huang San is Fuxi, Shennong and Gonggong.

Among these opinions, Fuxi and Shennong are recognized by everyone, while others have different opinions. The goddess patching the sky has contributed a lot to saving mankind. Drilling wood for fire is the gospel of people, and people enjoy the delicious cooked food. Zhu Rong's Jedi Heaven can divide the boundary between man and god, and merits cover the future. In a rage, Gong Gong broke Tianzhu, making the heaven, the earth, the sun and the moon suddenly change. This is really a miracle. These four are all heroes of the epoch-making, and their kung fu is neck and neck. It's hard to decide who can take Huang San's place.

In addition to the five emperors, there are also different views.

First, the five emperors are called Yan Di, Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Taibian and Shaobian;

Secondly, the five emperors are Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun.

Among these inflammations, Huangdi has been recognized by everyone, and others need to be verified. Zhuan Xu is the son of Changyi, the second son of Huangdi, Di Ku is the grandson of Huangdi and his eldest son Xuanyao, and Emperor Yao is the grandson of Huangdi. They all originated from the Yellow Emperor, so it seems that they should only account for one of the five emperors. Shun succeeded to the throne because of the demise of Yao, and has no blood relationship with the Yellow Emperor, so he should occupy a place.

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The Three Emperors and Five Emperors were the legendary "emperors" in China before the Xia Dynasty. Now it seems that they are all tribal leaders, and they have become the leaders of tribal alliances because of their strength. Basically, no matter according to myths and legends or historical records, people think that Huang San lived before the Five Emperors. But different historians have different definitions of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors". Huang San has five theories, and so do the five emperors.

Huang San

Nu Wa in Fuxi, Xinjiang, shows the snake head in the soil: Nu Wa abides by the rules, while Fuxi abides by the rules. Suiren Fuxi Shennong

Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong

Fuxi, Zhu Rong, Shennong

Fuxi, Shennong and Gonggong

Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi

The latter view was popularized because of the influence of Shangshu, and Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi became the three oldest emperors in China.

In addition, Huang San, together with the Emperor, Huangdi and Ren Huang, is called the Three Gods in Hanshu Weishu. Later, in Taoism, Huang San was divided into three groups: the third-grade emperor was human; In Huang San, people face snakes or dragons; In post-Huang San, Fuxi was the queen, Nuwa was the queen and Shennong was the queen.

Five legendary rulers

Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun.

Mi Opera (Fuxi), Shennong, Huangdi, Yaoshun

Tai Hao, Yan Di, Huangdi, Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu.

Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao Shun.

Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Qi and Yao.

Among them, the third one is the most popular, which means the gods in five directions: Tai Hao in the east, Yan Di in the south, Shao Hao in the west, Zhuan Xu in the north and the Yellow Emperor in the center.

Another explanation is the Five Sages King in the ancient legend of China. The first and fourth explanations are more common.

history

There are many controversies about the understanding of the history of this period, but it is basically uncontroversial that China was in a primitive society during this period. Due to the entanglement of the existing data of Dachuan myths and legends in this historical period, it is difficult to judge the authenticity of many things. According to historical data, the popular saying now is:

There was a tribe named Ji in the Yellow River valley at the earliest, and the leader was the Yellow Emperor. This tribe is active in central Shaanxi, mainly engaged in agricultural labor. There is also a tribe named Jiang headed by Emperor Yan nearby, and there are frequent frictions between the two sides. The battle of Hanquan finally broke out between the two tribes. Huangdi defeated Yandi and the two tribes formed an alliance. Finally, the Yellow Emperor recovered the surrounding tribes. This is how the Huaxia nationality, the main body of the Han nationality, came into being. Now China people call themselves "descendants of the Chinese people", which is also the reason why "since Pangu opened the world, three emperors and five emperors have come to this day". Li, a boy conceived by the aura of heaven and earth, finally became the first emperor after the creation of the world: (Emperor).

The earliest system of ancient history in China. In the ancient historical legends of China, several theories of "Five Emperors" were formed during the Warring States Period. The word "Huang San" appeared at the end of the Warring States Period, and it was not until the Han Dynasty and before the Five Emperors that several theories of "Huang San" were formed.

The original meaning of "yellow" is "big" and "beautiful", and it is not used as a noun. At the end of the Warring States period, because the word "emperor" of God was used as the title of master, the word "emperor" was used to address God, such as the western emperor, the eastern emperor and God in Chu Ci. At that time, it was also called "Huang San" under the names of emperors, Huangdi and Tai Huang. There are also "three emperors and five emperors" in Zhou Li, Lv Chunqiu and Zhuangzi. Guanzi explains the different meanings of emperor, emperor, king and tyrant, but its name has not been confirmed.

There are five theories about "Huang San" in human history defined by Han Dynasty: ① Shangshu was known as Sui people, Fuxi and Shennong. "Han Liwen's Family" and "Preface to the Annals of the Spring and Autumn Annals" also said the same thing, focusing on Xiangren. (2) The pivot of Chunqiu Dou Yun is Fuxi, Nuwa and Shennong. (3) The Book of Rites was written by Fuxi, Zhu Rong and Shennong. "The Book of Filial Piety" is the same as "The Book of Rites", but Zhu Rong comes last. (4) "White Tiger Pass" is said to be Fuxi, Shennong and Gonggong. ⑤ In the ancient history system listed in the Book of Songs at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Shao Hao Jintian was added between Huangdi and Zhuan Xu, and an emperor was added in addition to the "Five Emperors" mentioned in the Warring States Period. Therefore, some people promoted the Yellow Emperor, the first of the Five Emperors, to Huang San, alongside Fuxi and Shennong. First of all, Zheng holds this view, and Zhang Heng's Book of Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty and Huangfu Mi's Hundred Years of Emperor also follow this view. Then the pseudo "Preface to Shangshu" preached this theory. Since then, Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi have become the three oldest emperors in the history of China. In fact, all the above theories are myths fabricated by Shu Wei after the end of the Western Han Dynasty.

There is also a legend of Huang San among the gods in the Han Dynasty. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Huang San was elected emperor, and Huangdi and Ren Huang were called Shu Wei's Preface to the Life Calendar in the Spring and Autumn Period and the "Beginning of Learning". Huang San in Taoist classics is divided into three groups: the former, the middle and the latter: "san huang" also has human figures (one said that they are twelve heads, eleven heads and nine heads respectively); There are thirteen heads, eleven heads and nine heads in the face, snake body or dragon body of Zhong (according to legend, Emperor Zhong is the Youchao family and Zhong is the Suiren family); After Huang San, the head of the queen snake was Fuxi, the head of the queen rehmannia was Nuwa, and the head of the queen cow was Shennong. Stone reliefs and silk paintings in the Han Dynasty are full of this image.

The word "emperor" originally refers to the heavenly emperor, but the word "five emperors" did not appear in the Mencius era. His book only mentions "three kings and five tyrants". Only in Xunzi did the word "five emperors" come before "three kings", but no one named them. Only Yao, Shun, Yu and Tang are called "Four Emperors" in On Soldiers. There is a saying in Sun Tzu's Art of War that "the Yellow Emperor is superior to the Four Emperors", which seems to be called the Four Emperors and Five Emperors (but Mei said that the word "emperor" was a mistake of "army"). Guanzi and Zhuangzi are repeatedly called "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", but they don't refer to their real names. In fact, from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were many names of ancient emperors or gods. Generally speaking, there are Huangdi, Boyi, Gonggong, Gun, Yu, April, Ji (abandoned), Gaolai,,, Gaoji, Changyi and Qing. Unknown areas include Di Hong's family, Jinyun's family, Jintian's family, Shanshi Lie's family, and Tang Tao's family (the first two may be in the west, and the last three may be in the east). From east to west, including Boan, concubine, etc. , while those from the east and one from the south have Zhu Rong, that is, Chongli, and their descendants' eight surnames (such as Ji Lian's surname Chu Zu) and so on. Zhuangzi lists twelve ancient emperors, and other ancient emperors mentioned repeatedly in the book, Tamia Liu lists fifteen and Yizhoushu lists as many as twenty-six. Due to the gradual establishment of the five elements theory in the late Warring States period, everything must be combined into a number, so it is necessary to list the "five emperors" among the many ancient emperors mentioned above, so the following five theories of the five emperors appeared.

(1) "Five Emperors" said Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun. According to their praise in Mandarin Lu Yu. The imperial clan fabricated a lineage with the Yellow Emperor as its ancestor. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals and Records of Five Emperors inherited this theory.

② The connection between the Warring States policy put forward by Shennong, Huangdi, Yao and Shun and Yi. Zhuangzi, Huai Nan Zi Shu Zhen Xun and San also have this statement. Tongjian is opposed to the theory of three emperors and five emperors, but the earliest emperors listed in it are these five.

(3) Tai Hao, Yan Di, Huangdi, Shao Hao and Zhuan Xu were recorded in the Twelve Dynasties of Lu, Chun and Qiu. That's what The Book of Rites Moon Order says. Wang Fu's On the Hidden Husband brought the ancient emperors into the blood-yin system of the Five Emperors.

(4) The ancient history system arranged in The Book of Songs is based on the twelve periods and the monthly orders. There is Shao Hao between the Yellow Emperor and Zhuan Xu, and Zheng Xuan added Shao Hao to the former five emperors, saying that there are six of them, all of which are consistent with them. However, since the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Zheng Jiming" and other theories promoted the Yellow Emperor to one of the Huang San, followed by Huangfu Mi's "The Emperor's Century", and the following five people in Shao Hao were five emperors. Therefore, The False Preface of Shangshu is named Huang San after Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi in front of the world classics, and Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku and Yaoshun are the five emperors behind. This theory will be adopted by history books in the future because of its respect for the status of Confucian classics. So this theory of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" was regarded as the history of ancient beliefs.

⑤ The Portrait of Xiao Yan quoted in Zi Zhi Tong Jian seems to be the latest one, with Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Kun and Yao as five emperors. However, Wu Liang only has more than 600 volumes of general history. According to Chen Li's White Tiger Certificate, the portrait tablet of Wuliangzong Temple may be a mistake, but this statement still comes from the mouth of Han people.

As for the mythical gods, they were all called emperors in Shan Hai Jing, and later they were also called "Five Emperors". For example, there is a phrase in the Songs of the South, which refers to God together with "pointing to heaven" and "abstaining from six gods". There is a saying in the Spring and Autumn Annals of Yan Zi that "Chu witches seek the virtues of five emperors", which obviously refers to the Heaven Emperor. Therefore, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang said in Historical Records: "I heard that there are five emperors in the sky." That is to say, it became popular at the end of the Warring States period. At the same time, there is the theory of five-color emperors, offering sacrifices to the four gods of Bai, Qing, Huang and Yi, and Gao Han offering sacrifices to Hei Di Temple. To the spring and autumn latitude and Wen Yao hook, the five-color emperor famously said: "Cangdi said Lingwei, and the emperor also said red anger, Huangdi said hub, Baidi said white but refused, and Hei Di said juice light." Zheng Xuan's annotation on the sentence "Wang Tugu Na Xin" in the Book of Rites, that is, he quoted these names as "Five Emperors of Taiwei" and said that "the ancestors of Wang all thought that the essence of the Five Emperors was too small to make a living". The five emperors on the earth are said to be born of the five emperors in the sky, and put forward the fallacy of "feeling the emperor", which Wang Su has rejected.

Generally speaking, the people referred to in "Huang San Theory" are the symbols of China ancestors in different prehistoric cultural stages. There are three stages in the period of ignorance: low stage, intermediate stage and advanced stage. Shennong represents the lower stage of barbarism; On the other hand, Nu Wa is an earlier creator. In mythology, she and Fuxi combined to create human beings. The "Five Emperors Theory" refers to some tribal chiefs or military leaders in the heyday of patriarchal clan alliance and the disintegration of military democracy.

The Three Emperors and Five Emperors were the legendary "emperors" in China before the Xia Dynasty. Now it seems that they are all tribal leaders, and they have become the leaders of tribal alliances because of their strength. Basically, no matter according to myths and legends or historical records, people think that Huang San lived before the Five Emperors. But different historians have different definitions of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors". Huang San has five theories, and so do the five emperors.

Suiren Fuxi Shennong

Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong

Fuxi, Zhu Rong, Shennong

Fuxi, Shennong and Gonggong

Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi

Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun.

Mi Opera (Fuxi), Shennong, Huangdi, Yaoshun

Tai Hao, Yan Di, Huangdi, Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu.

Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao Shun.

Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Qi and Yao.