Yanhuang calendar year

The Five Emperors' Order: Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun. It is based on the praise of them in Mandarin. Lu Yu. The imperial clan fabricated a lineage with the Yellow Emperor as its ancestor. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals and Records of Five Emperors inherited this theory.

Theory of Five Emperors II: Warring States Policy. There are five people named Fu, Shennong, Huangdi and Yaoshun who are in contact with Yi. Zhuangzi, Huainanzi Shu Zhen Xun and Saint thomas lee also have this statement. The third of the Five Emperors: Tai Hao, Yan Di, Huang Di, and Zhuan Xu, contained in Chapter 12 of Lu Chunqiu. "Book of Rites. The Moon Order also said the same thing. Wang Fu's On the Hidden Husband brought the ancient emperors into the blood-yin system of the Five Emperors. The fourth theory of the Five Emperors: The ancient history system arranged in The Book of Songs is based on the twelve seasons and the monthly orders. There is Shao Hao between the Yellow Emperor and Zhuan Xu, and Zheng Xuan added Shao Hao to the first theory of five emperors, saying that there are six five emperors, all in the constellation of five emperors. However, since the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Zheng Jiming" and other theories promoted the Yellow Emperor to one of the Huang San, followed by "Emperor Century" in Huangfu Mi, and the following five people in Shao Hao were five emperors. Namely Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun. The fifth theory of the Five Emperors: Huangdi, Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Kun and Yao are the five emperors. It seems to be the latest theory that Tong Jian Wai Ji and Lu Shi cited portraits. However, Wu Liang only has more than 600 volumes of general history. According to Chen Li's White Tiger Certificate, it is believed that the portrait tablet of Wuliang ancestral hall may be a mistake, but this statement still comes from * * *. However, on the whole, there are fewer controversies about "Five Emperors" than "Huang San", and one of the most important reasons is that there are biographies of the Five Emperors in Historical Records written by the great historian Sima Qian. However, since the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Zheng Jiming" and other theories promoted the Yellow Emperor to one of the Huang San, followed by "Emperor Century" in Huangfu Mi, and the following five people in Shao Hao were five emperors. Therefore, the pseudo-Preface to Shangshu is based on Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi as Huang San in front of Shijing, and Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku and Yaoshun as the five emperors behind it. Because of its respect for the Confucian classics, this theory will be adopted by history books in the future. Therefore, this theory of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" is regarded as an ancient history of belief. In fact, the differences in the legends of Three Emperors and Five Emperors are the product of the multi-ethnic development in China, which reflects the progressive trend of ethnic integration in a tortuous way. Long before entering the civilized era, Huaxia nationality, Miao nationality and many other fraternal nationalities called Yi, Man, Rong and Di by Huaxia nationality were formed on the vast land of the motherland. After saying that the Huaxia nationality is Huang Heyan, it actually reflects that the Huaxia nationality is formed by the long-term development of two blood-related clans represented by Huang Dihe. The so-called emperor is just the title of military chief in the tribal alliance period of primitive society in China. The Three Emperors and Five Emperors are the ancestors of the Chinese nation, and the descendants of the Chinese people in the world are of the same ancestry. This kind of kinship passed down from generation to generation is endless and has strong national cohesion and appeal. Although "Huang San" and "Five Emperors" have different opinions, these materials are surprisingly consistent: First of all, Fuxi is generally ranked first among the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" (excluding the Suiren before Fuxi in the Book of Wefts, Fuxi always ranks first), which shows the importance of Fuxi, and Fuxi is indeed regarded as the ancestor of mankind by the ancients. Secondly, although Huang San and Five Emperors have different opinions, the order is basically not chaotic. According to the merger of Tai Hao and Fuxi, and Shennong (the reason for the merger should be to highlight the needs of Huangdi as the five heavenly emperors of the central heavenly emperor, namely the Book of Rites, the Spring and Autumn Annals of Lushi and Huainanzi), Shao Hao is the emperor. Gong Gong and Zhu Rong are always between Fuxi, Shennong and Yaoshun). Thirdly, Yao and Shun always ranked behind the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", followed by Yu and Qi, and entered the historical period with written records; Fuxi inherited the Chao family and Sui family, and Yao and Shun followed Yu and Qi. Accordingly, the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" in ancient legends are generally arranged in chronological order, which is completely consistent with the "Imperial Century" and "Preface to Shangshu" (in fact, all sorts do not violate the overall order). Although "Huang San" and "Five Emperors" have different opinions, this amazing ranking consistency shows that the ancients may be very strict on this issue, not just making do with three or five. The legendary era of "Huang San" (orthodox)-1 Fuxi Tai Hao family, Yan Di Shennong family and Xuanyuan Huangdi family are all recorded in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, all of which originated from the ancient culture in the Yellow River basin, so the ancient history system of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" is very consistent with the Neolithic archaeological culture in the Weishui River basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The ancients in China corresponded to heaven and earth. After death, heaven (the ruler, of course) becomes a god and takes care of future generations. The stars in the sky also depend on the fate of the world, and the stars (including the sun) are ancestors. So God is an ancestor, and ancestors are all gods. The history of God is the history of ancestors and the relationship between God and ancestors. China myth is the ancient history of China. The Three Emperors and Five Emperors were the legendary "emperors" in China before the Xia Dynasty. Now it seems that they are all tribal leaders, and they have become the leaders of tribal alliances because of their strength. Basically, no matter according to myths and legends or historical records, people think that Huang San lived before the Five Emperors. But different historians have different definitions of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors". Huang San has five theories, and so do the five emperors. The general name of Shi was first found in Lu Chunqiu, and the sub-name of Shi Ji Li Si Biography. Li Si said: "There were emperors in ancient times, and Huangdi, Tai Huang and Qin Huang were the most expensive." However, the Preface to Life Calendar in Spring and Autumn Annals holds that Huang San is the emperor, the Yellow Emperor and Ren Huang. In the Song Dynasty, Luo Ping quoted Confucius and Yan in Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals to reconcile this contradiction. So, who is "Huang San"? There are five different views among scholars in the Han Dynasty alone. There is a view that Huang San is a shameful person, Fuxi and Shennong-The Great Biography of Shangshu. "Han Li Wen Jia" and "Preface to the Spring and Autumn Annals" also said the same thing, but both of them are people-centered; Another view is that Huang San is the representative of Fuxi, Nu Wa and Shennong-the Spring and Autumn Movement. The third view holds that Huang San is Zhu Rong in Fuxi, Shennong and The Book of Rites. The fourth view is that Huang San is White Tiger Tong written by Fuxi, Shennong and Gonggong. The last opinion is that Huang San was an ancient historical system arranged by Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi Neijing at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, and Shao Hao Jintian was added between Huangdi and Zhuan Xu, which added another emperor to the "Five Emperors" in the Warring States Period. Therefore, some people promoted the Yellow Emperor, the first of the five emperors, to Huang San, alongside Fuxi and Shennong. First of all, Zheng holds this view, and Zhang Heng's Hanshu Shun Di and Huangfu Mi's Century of Emperors also hold this view. Then the pseudo-Preface to Shangshu preached this theory. Since then, Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi have become the three longest-lived emperors in China history. The records about "Huang San", though some beautiful and moving myths, can reflect the history of clans and tribes in primitive society. These ancient myths and legends vividly reflect the glorious tradition of diligence, courage and intelligence of our Chinese nation, and profoundly show that the initial civilization of human society was created through hard struggle. Huang San's indefinite theory has been like this since ancient times. What about the five emperors? Who are the three emperors and five emperors? Be specific, okay? Huang San among the Three Emperors and Five Emperors refers to Suiren, Fu Xishi and Shennong in turn. The five emperors refer to Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun respectively.

The Three Emperors and Five Emperors were the legendary "emperors" in China before the Xia Dynasty. Since Pangu created the world, his descendants and gods, the first and later Wu, have all returned to the gods after completing the tasks needed for the creation of the world.

Mankind has ushered in a new era. Because the Five Gods are the latest gods in the creation, many tribes or leaders who made outstanding contributions to mankind in the middle and late primitive society are called "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", including the Five Gods.

There is no exact calendar year from the Three Emperors' era to the Five Emperors' era, at least one thousand years. Three Emperors and Five Emperors are representatives of outstanding leaders in ancient China. Whether according to historical records or myths and legends, people think that Huang San lived before the Five Emperors.

Generally speaking, the Three Emperors era was a long time ago, or four or five thousand years ago to seven or eight thousand years ago or even longer, and the time span may be very large; The era of the Five Emperors is not far from the Xia Dynasty more than 4,000 years ago.

Extended data

The statement of the Five Emperors should be a summary of the ancient imperial dynasties by later generations, not a complete reference, but a respect and memory of the ancestors by Chinese civilization. Because most ancient documents have been lost, the Three Emperors and Five Emperors belong to the category of myths and legends, but judging from the extensiveness of legends and the description in historical records, the authenticity of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors should exist exactly.

There are different opinions about the formulation of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, which is not complete. It should be different classifications of different people, and there is no exact reference.

Huang San is san huang in the early China civilization. In the early days of Chinese civilization, there were Pangu, Youchao, Suirenshi, Fuxishi, Shennong and Xuanyuan. Other Nuwa are also listed in Huang San, which should be a branch of the Six Dynasties. Generally speaking, Huang San should be the three schools of Suiren, Fu, Shennong and Xuanyuan,

Because of its great significance and influence in ancient civilization, it has an indispensable position and should be more reasonable. At the same time, they are the beginning of a dynasty, representing the early, middle and late stages of ancient civilization in China. San huang has a long time span, estimated to have a history of several thousand years. After the opening of Huang San, there were many emperors in every era. The first emperor and the last emperor of Shennong were Emperor Yan.

The five emperors were the five emperors in Xuanyuan period. Xuanyuan Huangdi replaced Shennong and created a new era-Huangdi Dynasty. The five emperors refer to the five emperors in Xuanyuan period. Because the Yellow Emperor is the king of Xuanyuan dynasty and has a great position in the Chinese nation, it is reasonable that his achievements are far above those of other five emperors, and he is not included in the list of five emperors.

According to historical records such as Historical Records, there were far more than five emperors in Xuanyuan period, and the legend was beyond reproach, so the opinions of the five emperors were also different, but their values were different.

Baidu encyclopedia-three emperors and five emperors

Did you say it from the song sequence of Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties? The first kind (popular version)

Three emperors and five emperors began, and Yao, Shun and Yu were handed down from generation to generation. Xia and Shang Dynasties, Western Zhou Dynasty and Eastern Zhou Dynasty are divided into two parts. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period unified Qin and Han Dynasties. Three points in, two points in the front and back extension. The Northern and Southern Dynasties coexisted, and the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties passed on. After four dynasties of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing, the imperial dynasty ended here. The second (short version) song formula "Three Emperors and Five Emperors in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties" belongs to Qin and Han Dynasties. Jin ended in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, followed by the Five Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Melody II (a short version commonly used by middle school students in Hong Kong) has two meanings: Huang Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, Qin Dynasty, Han Three Kingdoms, North and South after Jin Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties, Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and People.

1. refers to historical figures. Huang San refers to Suiren (Emperor of Sui Dynasty), Fu xishi (Emperor Xi) and Shennong (Emperor Nong). The Five Emperors refer to the Yellow Emperor, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun. 2. refers to the historical period. That is, the era of three emperors and five emperors, also known as ancient times, ancient times or mythological times. It can also be called "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" for short. The Three Emperors and Five Emperors led the people to create the ancient civilization of China, and modern archaeology discovered a large number of Longshan cultural sites corresponding to this period, which proved that the shorthand formula of Chinese dynasties did exist during the Three Emperors and Five Emperors period. Do you remember?

From Pangu's Three Emperors and Five Emperors to the Imperial Order, the beginning and end of the dynasty, and the founding emperor of today's capital.

Three Emperors and Five Emperors in xia Dynasty BC 2 146- 1675 Anyi Shanxi Xia County Yu Shang Dynasty BC 1675- 1029 Bohe Henan Shangqiu Tang Zhou Western Zhou BC 1029-77 1 year Haojing Shaanxi Xi 'an. 22 1-207 BC, xianyang, Shaanxi Province, the first emperors Xianyang, Ying Zheng, Han and Western Han Dynasties, 206- 8 BC, Chang 'an, Xi 'an, Emperor Gaozu, Liu Bangxin Dynasty, 9-23 BC, Wang Mang, Eastern Han Dynasty, 25-220 BC, Luoyang, Henan Province, Han Guangwu 22/kloc. 304-3 18 Pingyang Shanxi Linfen Gaozu Liu Yuan 3 19-329 Chang 'an Shaanxi An 306-347 Chengdu Sichuan Chengdu Emperor Taizong Wu 3 14-363 Gu Zang Gansu Wuwei Gaozu Hou Zhao 3 19-35 1 Guo Xiang. Yan Qian 337-370 Longcheng Liaoning Chaoyang Taizu Civilization Emperor Murong Qin 35 1-394 Chang 'an Shaanxi xi Ming Emperor Fu Qin 384-4 17 Chang 'an Shaanxi Xi Taizu Emperor Yao Chang Hou Yan 384-407 Zhongshan Hebei Dingzhou Shizu Chengwu Emperor Mu Rongchui Xiqin 385-43 1 Yuanchuan. Liezu Xuanlie Guo Ren 386-403 Lueyang Gansu Pingliang Taizu Yiwu Emperor Nanliang 397-4 14 Xiping Qinghai Xining Ancestor Tuoba Nanyan 398-4 10 Optical Valley Shandong Yidu Sejong Emperor Murong De Xiliang 407-46438+0 Jiuquan Gansu Taizu Zhaowu Wang Li Wei Fox Xia. 438+0 Tong Wancheng, Emperor Helian Bobo Bobo Beiyan, Shizu of Jingbian, Shaanxi, 407-436, and Gaoyun Beiliang, Chaoyang, Liaoning, 397-439, Zhangye, Gansu, Taizu Wuxuan, Wang Juqu, Meng Xun * Wei Ran, 350-352, Yecheng, Hebei, Linzhang * * Ran Min * Xiyan, 384-394, the eldest son of Shanxi, Xianbei, Murong Hong * Xishu (Houshu 405-4 13 Yizhou, Chengdu, Sichuan * * * Qiao Zong Southern and Northern Dynasties 420-589 Southern Dynasties Song Dynasty 420-479 Jiankang Jiangsu Nanjing 479-502 Jiankang Jiangsu Nanjing Qiliang 502-557 Jiankang Jiangsu Nanjing Xiao 557-589 Jiankang Jiangsu Nanjing Chen Baxian Northern Wei Dynasty 386-534 Pingcheng Shanxi Datong Emperor Tuoba. South Luoyang East Wei 534-550 leaves Hebei Linzhang Wei Xiaojing Emperor Yuan Western Wei 535-556 Chang 'an Shaanxi Xi' An Wei Wendi Yuanbao lives in Beiqi 550-577 leaves Hebei Linzhang Wen Qi Xuan Di Levin Zhou Bei 557-58 1 Chang 'an Shaanxi Xi Zhou Xiaomin Sui Wendi Yu Wenjue Sui Dynasty 581-6/kloc-0. Tang Dynasty 6 18-907 Chang 'an Shaanxi xi 'an Tang Gaozu Liyuan Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Back Beam 907-923 Bian Henan Kaifeng Liang Taizu Huang Zhu Hou Tang 923-936 Luoyang Henan Luoyang Tangzhuang Li Zongxu Village Hou Jin 936-947 Bian Henan Kaifeng Jin Gaozu Shi Jingtang Hou Han 947-950 Bian Henan Kaifeng Han Gaozu Liu Bian. Bianhe Taizu Guo Wei 89 1-925 Chengdu Sichuan Chengdu Gaozu Wang Jian Hou Shu 925-965 Chengdu Gaozu Meng Zhixiang 892-937 Yangzhou Jiangsu Yangzhou Taizu Yang Xingmi Nantang 937-975 Jinling Jiangsu Nanjing ancestor Li Bian wuyue 893-978 Hangzhou Zhejiang Hangzhou Wusu Guo 893-9. 45 Fujian Changle Fuzhou Taizu Wang Machu 896-95 1 Hunan Changsha Wumu Wang Ma Yin Nanhan 905-97 1 Xing Guangdong Guangzhou Gaozu Liu Li Nanping 907-963 Hubei Jingzhou Wu Xin Wang Gao Jixing Beihan 95 1-979 Taiyuan Shanxi Taizu Liu Chongsong Northern Song Dynasty 960-65438+. 127 Kaifeng Henan Kaifeng Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin Southern Song Dynasty 1 127- 1279 Lin 'an Zhejiang Ansong Gaozong Zhao Gou Liao 907- 1 125 Huang Dou Liaoning Liaoning Lu Ye Abaoji Dali 937-125. 032- 1227 Xing Qingfu Ningxia Yinchuan Jingdi Li Yuanhao Gold115438+05-1234 Huining Acheng (Black) Jin Taizu Yan Hong Akuta Capital Beijing Kaifeng Henan Kaifeng Yuan Dynasty1206-/kloc-. There is no need to delve into this issue ... the existence of the Yu Dynasty is only mentioned in the history books, and the evidence is insufficient. The Three Emperors and Five Emperors are not real emperors, but some tribal leaders, who have made great contributions to mankind and are respected by future generations. Even the Three Emperors and Five Emperors have different opinions. Some people have several honorifics (for example, Shennong is called Huangdi, while others are called Agricultural Emperor). Some people say that Huangdi lived. I don't think it's possible. After all, it is a primitive man ... it is unrealistic to live for more than 100 years. From the Yellow Emperor to Xia Qi, there are five or six hundred years. How can there be only five emperors in the middle? ...

How to divide the order of dynasties in China history? You'd better give me a formula. thank you The formula for dividing dynasties in the history of China 1;

Since the beginning of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Yao Shunyu has been passed down from generation to generation; Xia and Shang Dynasties, Western Zhou Dynasty and Eastern Zhou Dynasty are divided into two parts.

Spring and Autumn and Warring States unified Qin and Han Dynasties; Three-point Wei Shuwu, before and after the Second Jin Dynasty;

The Northern and Southern Dynasties coexisted, and the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties passed; After four dynasties of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing, the imperial dynasty ended here.

Formula 2 for dividing dynasties in the history of China:

Yin Shang in Xia Dynasty, Western Zhou Dynasty and Eastern Zhou Dynasty are divided into two parts.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qin was unified and Han was unified.

The Three Kingdoms stand in Wei Shuwu, and the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty stretch back and forth.

The Southern and Northern Dynasties perished together. After the unification of the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties,

During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Revolution of 1911 ended.

Formula 3 for dividing dynasties in the history of China:

Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.

The Qin, Han and Jin dynasties were unified, while the southern and northern dynasties were antagonistic.

Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, emperors of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties rested.

Four Formulas for Dividing Dynasties in China History;

Xia and Shang Dynasties, Western Zhou Dynasty and Eastern Zhou Dynasty are divided into two parts.

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period unified Qin and Han Dynasties.

Wei Shuwu was divided into three parts, which extended before and after the Jin Dynasty.

The Northern and Southern Dynasties coexisted, and the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties passed on.

After Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the dynasty ended here.

Extended data:

Reasons for the demise of Chinese historical dynasties

I. Xia Dynasty

Time: 2 1 century-BC16th century, which is the first hereditary dynasty recorded in China's history books.

Cause of extinction:

1, the decline of internal productivity.

2. The external environment is unstable for a long time.

3. The concept of the ruling class in Xia Dynasty.

4. Xia Jie's personal factors (reuse treacherous court official, crowd out sage).

Second, the Shang Dynasty

Time: from about 1600 BC to about 1046 BC, it was the second dynasty in China history and the first dynasty with direct written records at the same time.

Cause of extinction:

1. In the late Shang Dynasty, most slave owners and nobles lived a luxurious and decadent life, and they treated slaves very cruelly. Such as human sacrifice and human sacrifice.

2. The exploitation and enslavement of civilians and slaves by slave owners and nobles is becoming more and more serious, and the class contradictions are getting worse and worse.

3. The rulers of Shang Dynasty waged wars against foreign countries year after year, and used troops against foreign countries on a large scale. Almost all young and middle-aged people in China have been drafted into the army, which has aggravated domestic contradictions. There were too many slaves captured in the war, and he didn't properly handle the placement of slaves, which led to a large number of slaves defecting.

Third, the Zhou Dynasty.

Time: 65438 BC+0046 BC-256 BC, the third and last hereditary slavery dynasty in China history after Shang Dynasty.

Cause of extinction:

1, earthquake, drought and other natural disasters have caused great losses to people's lives and property, and also made the crisis in the Western Zhou Dynasty worse.

2. Zhou Liwang's extortion intensified the exploitation of working people.

3. When it spread to Zhou Youwang, it destroyed the patriarchal clan system, and the princes lost their trust in him because of "setting up concubines after the abolition, setting up Shu Ren after the abolition" and "setting fire to princes".

4. With the decline of the royal family, the relationship between the vassal states of Zhou Dynasty and the kingship gradually alienated; Dogs of ethnic minorities attacked Haojing, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished.

5. The enfeoffment system made the power of the Zhou Emperor empty, and Zhou Pingwang became a puppet after he moved eastward.

6. The patriarchal clan system of Zhou Dynasty was destroyed, and the influence of local princes was increasing day by day; And use the banner of the royal family to "support the emperor to make the princes" and constantly develop their own power.

Fourth, the Qin dynasty

Time: 2265438 BC+0-207 BC. This is the first unified dynasty in China history, which was developed by Qin at the end of the Warring States Period.

Cause of extinction:

1. After reunification, the people have no rest, and the burden of corvee, military service and taxes is heavy.

2. Policies and laws have not been adjusted in time, and criminal law is still cruel under peaceful governance.

3, * * * action failure and the lack of local force, a group of outlaws like Chen Guang, can also capture osawa township.

4. The restoration power of the noble descendants of the Six Kingdoms is too strong, while Qin Ershi's personal ability and quality are limited.

5. When uprisings raged everywhere, the rulers were still busy with court struggles; In the end, the internal rule of the Qin Dynasty was divided and the initiative of counterinsurgency was completely lost.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Han Dynasty

Time: 202- 220 years ago, it was a unified dynasty after Qin Dynasty, which was divided into two periods: the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty. It lasted for 29 emperors and enjoyed the country for 405 years.

Cause of extinction:

1, consorts and eunuchs expand their power, form their own interest groups, and fight endlessly for chaos.

2, there are too many doll emperors (the emperor is young, and the queen mother must come to the DPRK and rely on her consorts to take power).

3. Land annexation (privatization) is serious, and a large number of farmers have lost their land.

4. The landlord was powerful, and later formed the local separatist forces.

The Yellow Scarf Uprising led to the rise of local armed forces, and the central government lost control.

Sixth, the rulers

Time: 265 -420, connecting the Three Kingdoms and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The Western Jin Dynasty was one of the unified dynasties in the history of China, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was one of the six dynasties. There were 15 emperors in the Jin Dynasty, which lasted 155 years.

Cause of extinction:

1, the change of the new Wei dynasty was too fast, and the later period was too small to control the nobility.

2. The imperial clan power was excessively weakened, and the generals with foreign surnames became the only ones. When they seized power, Cao Wei's royal family had no foreign aid.

3. Sima Yi has lived for too long, and the rise of the powerful Sima family has no checks and balances.

Seven, Sui Dynasty

Time: 58 1-6 18 This is a unified dynasty in the history of China.

Cause of extinction:

1, all kinds of separatist forces are surging under the unified surface, and the ruling foundation is extremely unstable.

2. The gate was dissatisfied with the imperial examination system and colluded with the enemy and evil forces to fight against the imperial power.

3. Yang Di's personal factors: ambitious, extravagant and extravagant, abuse of power; However, the imperial examination, the construction of the eastern capital, the construction of the Chidao, the excavation of the canal and the conquest of Korea are all contemporary hardships and will be indispensable in the future.

Eight, the Tang Dynasty

Time: 6 18-907, a unified dynasty after the sui dynasty, which lasted for 2/kloc-0 emperors and enjoyed the country for 289 years.

Cause of extinction:

1, border incidents continue (such as Anshi rebellion, Annan rebellion, Tubo invasion, etc.). ) and divide the buffer.

2, eunuch authoritarian (such as Li, etc. ), the party struggle for internal friction (such as Niu Li party struggle).

Years of war severely weakened the ruling power of the Tang Dynasty, hindered economic development, and triggered peasant uprising and foreign invasion.

Nine, Five Dynasties and Ten Countries

Time: 907-960, a period of great division in the history of China. The Five Dynasties refer to the five regimes in the Central Plains, namely, Hou Liang, the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty and the Later Zhou Dynasty, which were successively replaced after the demise of the Tang Dynasty in 907.

Cause of extinction:

1, the power of the buffer region is still strong, and the new regime can't control it, so that civil strife and war continue.

2. Many monarchs are fatuous and cruel, they are lax in running the army, and corrupt officials oppress the people.

3. The powerful ministers colluded with foreign countries to make an insurrection, and foreign countries attacked the Central Plains for looting and killing.

There are too many regimes, heavy taxes, frequent wars, and serious damage to social order and economic foundation.

Song dynasty

Time: 960- 1279. This is a dynasty in the history of China that inherited the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and initiated the Yuan Dynasty. It was divided into two stages: the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, which lasted 18 emperors and enjoyed the country for 3 19 years.

Cause of extinction:

1, the policy of controlling weapons with literature has caused mutual constraints within the military, frequent constraints and many shortcomings.

2. The "Sixteen States" ceded by Shi Jingtang in the late Jin Dynasty lost the natural barrier of the Han nationality and could not resist foreign cavalry.

3. Lian Jin's decision-making mistakes in resisting Liao and Lian Meng's resistance to Jin only saw the strength of Liao (Jin), but did not see the threat of Jin (Mongolia).

4. The ignorance, incompetence and inaction of the ruling class to the military led to the failure of Kaifeng's defense.

5. The emperor was fatuous and defeated by * * *, with serious political infighting and huge military expenditure, and the people were overwhelmed.

Xi。 the Yuan Dynasty

Time: 127 1 year-1368, the dynasty established by Mongols, with its capital mostly (now Beijing), spread to the fifth and eleventh emperors, which lasted for 98 years.

Cause of extinction:

1, aristocratic life is decadent, officials are corrupt, * * * credit is bankrupt, and land annexation is serious.

2. Unequal ethnic hierarchy and severe oppression and bullying of the people.

3. The fiscal deficit remains high, taxes are too heavy, and natural disasters are serious.

4, managers do not pay attention to learning, will only use force to fight the country.

Twelve. tomorrow

Time: 1368-1644. It was the last unified dynasty established by the Han nationality in the history of China. It spread to sixteen emperors and enjoyed the country for 276 years.

Cause of extinction:

1, the expansion of the civil service group, the power is too large, and the eunuch dictatorship endangered the rule in the later period.

2. Foreign enemies constantly harassed us, which increased military expenditure and caused financial and economic crisis.

3. In the embryonic period of capitalism, * * * did not attach importance to the development of industry and commerce, which greatly restricted the circulation of commodity money.

4. Natural and man-made disasters have occurred one after another, resulting in a large increase in the number of refugees, and the peasant uprising has continuously affected stability.

5. Wu Sangui led the Qing soldiers into the customs, destroyed the Great Wall, and helped the Qing Dynasty clean up the ready-made mountains and rivers.

Thirteen. Ching Dynasty

Time:1636—1911year. This is the last feudal dynasty in the history of China, which lasted 10 emperors for 268 years.

Cause of extinction:

1. Politics is dark and decadent, and the rulers themselves are corrupt (love the people) and incompetent (emperors).

2. Under the closed door policy, ideas, systems and technologies are backward.

3. The Qing Dynasty was weak and incompetent. In the face of the invasion of foreign powers, it only knows compromise and compensation for ceded territory.