On the current lunar calendar calculation in China

Questions and answers about calendar knowledge (1);

What is the basic calendar attribute of 1?

Answer: lunar calendar, solar calendar, yin and yang calendar;

2) Is the lunar calendar a "lunar calendar"?

A: Not exactly. The lunar calendar is a yin-yang calendar.

3) Is the Gregorian calendar a Gregorian calendar?

Answer: Incorrect. The Gregorian calendar is only a member of the Gregorian calendar, and it can't be the whole of the Gregorian calendar.

4) Is the lunar calendar "superstitious"?

A: The lunar calendar is a science, but it is not a superstition.

5) When was the Gregorian calendar used?

A: 1582 was promulgated by Pope Gregory 13 and used in China on 19 12;

6) What version is the current lunar calendar?

A: This is the "Li Shixian" method in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, which was officially used in 1645 Lunar Year of the Rooster (this year is the 360th anniversary).

7) Is the current lunar calendar calculated by the calendar of the Qing Dynasty?

A: No, the current lunar calendar is calculated and calculated by the Purple Mountain Observatory of China Academy of Sciences using the most accurate lunar calendar data. They use modern and advanced orbit calculation methods, which are no longer the algorithm of Qing dynasty;

8) Where is the most accurate moon data today?

A: At present, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory under NASA has the most accurate data, but the data of the Purple Mountain Observatory in China are almost the same as it (these are also necessary data for manned space flight);

9) Is it true that some people call the lunar calendar "lunar calendar"?

Answer: I don't agree to call the lunar calendar "leap lunar calendar". Personally, I think it is inaccurate. The hijri calendar is the lunar calendar (it has leap days), and the lunar calendar is the lunar calendar. The number of months required by the lunar calendar can only be 12 or 13, not other numbers, so it is also inaccurate to call the lunar calendar "leap lunar calendar". Its calendar year is only the accumulation of integer multiples of months, so there can be several leap months in a year (this happened before the ancient Rome changed to the solar calendar), and the year of the yin-yang calendar is bounded by the "year" in the clear astronomical sense, that is, the tropic year, so the number of months in its calendar year can only be 12 or 13, but not other numbers;

10)

1 1) Some people call the current lunar calendar a "fake lunar calendar", right?

A: Some people call the current lunar calendar a "fake lunar calendar" and say that farmers should be given a "real lunar calendar". Personally, I can't agree with them.

Because the lunar calendar is a special combination of yin and yang (it is a collection of ordinary yin and yang calendars and special solar calendars), because the ordinary yin and yang calendars only have leap months and fixed leap weeks (belonging to the flat atmosphere), and our lunar calendar contains twenty-four solar terms of solar calendar nature, which is a special solar calendar (especially the height of the sun is directly used as the standard for making calendars) and seventy climaxes (climate calendars) derived from solar terms. The China lunar calendar also includes the dry calendar (solar calendar), which is what people call the true lunar calendar; One of the reasons why they call the lunar calendar a "fake lunar calendar" is that it contains a lunar calendar (that is, the lunar calendar is not a solar calendar). According to the traditional view, the lunar calendar has nothing to do with the climate, but modern science has found that the moon phase also affects the climate, so we must consider the moon phase when making accurate weather forecasts and geological disaster forecasts. At present, the research on this issue is still in the primary stage; That's not to mention, all kinds of proverbs accumulated by working people in China (summaries of agricultural production experience) are based on the lunar calendar (solar terms and calendar days). In addition, the twelfth lunar month also plays an irreplaceable role in rural life; So I think the current lunar calendar already includes solar terms and solar terms calendar, and it makes sense to call it the lunar calendar.

12) Is the current lunar leap (leap chapter) "the seventh leap in the 19th year"?

A: This is incorrect, and this view must be corrected. Because although most of the current lunar calendar is consistent with the "19-7 leap" method, the 19-year-old 7 leap method is still quite different from the tropic year, so the current lunar calendar has long been used;

The correct statement is that the current lunar calendar is a method of "setting a leap in the middle of the atmosphere" or, more accurately, a method of "setting the winter solstice" (setting the month of the winter solstice as 1 1 month), so the average length of the lunar calendar is the latest tropical year (this figure has also changed), about 365.438+09. The advantage of using this leap method is that it can always correspond to tropical years without generating.

13) Is the lunar calendar a special lunar calendar?

A: Yes. This is because the combination of the ordinary lunar calendar and the solar calendar is not obvious, but the lunar calendar is an organic combination of the ordinary lunar calendar (the calendar year of the lunar calendar) and the 24 solar terms of the special solar calendar (calculated according to the solar ecliptic degree, designed for the lunar calendar, and completely part of the lunar calendar), thus forming an organic whole special lunar calendar (actually a comprehensive calendar);

14) Some people call the lunar calendar a mixed calendar, right?

A: This is correct, but the lunar calendar is not a simple mixed calendar. The generalized Gregorian calendar (including the lunar calendar, that is, the narrow solar calendar and the solar calendar, that is, the zodiac calendar) is a simple mixed calendar (they are self-contained and unrelated), and the lunar calendar is a special mixed calendar (that is, the organic combination and unity of the ordinary lunar calendar and the special solar calendar);

15) what should I pay attention to when studying the lunar calendar?

A: We should treat all parts of the lunar calendar correctly and holistically, including the 24 solar terms (the positioning of the solar orbit, the solar calendar in the lunar calendar), the calendar month (the moon and the sun are in different positions and have the functions of the moon phase and the lunar calendar), and the dry-branch calendar (not the calendar year, the dry-branch calendar, but the holiday month in China starting from the solar terms in beginning of spring, which belongs to the China Zodiac). Calendar year (Yin-Yang calendar, with the characteristics of Yang year, is a specific lunar month, so it is a Yin-Yang calendar. ) and their relationship in the lunar calendar, as well as the orbit calculation of various celestial bodies;

16) What is a leap week in the Gregorian calendar?

Answer: The leap day method of 97 in 400 years is specifically: it is added to the year in which the AD number is divisible by 4 (except century year) and the year in which century year is divisible by 400;

17) Is a calendar the same as a wall calendar?

A: Calendar and calendar calculation are not the same thing. Calendar is the rule and soul of calendar making. Calendar is a calculation method for making calendars, and it is the realization of calendars. They are collectively called almanac; The calendar of China lunar calendar comes from the constitutional calendar, but its current calendar calculation is the most advanced data, formula and theory.

18) What calendars were there in ancient China?

A: Some things can be tested, including those that have been promulgated and those that have not:

According to Wang's Textual Research on Ancient Dynasties, Zhu Wenxin's Chronology and Mr. China's Calendar History, there are 65,438+065,438+05 kinds of ancient calendars with names to test in China.

1, Huangdi calendar

2. Zhuan Xu calendar

3. Summer calendar

4. lunar calendar

5. Weekly calendar

6. Lu Li

7, calendar art Jiazi calendar

8. Early calendar

9. Three calendars

10, quarterly calendar

1 1, Qiyao Art

12, dry calendar

13, Huang Chu calendar

14, Taihe calendar

15, Jingchu calendar

16, Taishili

17, Liu Zhili

18, dryness calendar

19 calendar

20.Yonghe Calendar

2 1, three-year Jiazi calendar

Xuan Shi calendar

23. Permanent calendar

24. Three Li Xuanyuan.

25. The past seven obsidian calendars

26.yuan Jiali

Li Jianyuan.

28. Daming Calendar

29. Jingming calendar

30, turtle calendar

3 1, positive calendar

32. Galaxy Calendar

33. Datong calendar

34, Jiugong line answer calendar

35, seven obsidian calendar

36. Tianbao Calendar

37. Northern Zhou calendar

38. Spiritual calendar

39.Tianhe Calendar

40. Liu Li

4 1, Jiayin Yuanli

42.meng

43. elephant calendar

44. Open the Imperial Calendar

45, seven obsidian new technique

46. Zhangzhou Li Xuan

47. The emperor's calendar

48. The Great Calendar

49. Wuyin Yuan Calendar

50.fu

5 1, Linde calendar

52. Latitude and longitude calendar

53, light house calendar

54. Dragon Calendar

55. Nine calendars

56. Dayan calendar

57, chitose calendar

58, seven obsidian calendar

59. Calendar to Germany

60. Five calendars

6 1, positive yuan calendar

62. Observe the calendar

63. Xuanming calendar

64. Double calendar

65. perpetual calendar

66. Yongchang Calendar

67. Like a calendar.

68. Yuan Calendar

69. Zhongzheng calendar

70.li

7 1, Ming Yuan calendar

72.qin

73. It should be a calendar

74, dry yuan calendar

75. Go to the calendar

76. Ming calendar of Liao Dynasty

77, instrument calendar

78. Dry calendar

79. Worship calendars

80. Tomorrow's calendar

8 1, bbca calendar

82. Twelve calendars

83. Look at the calendar

84.calendar

85. Time Calendar

86. Daming Calendar

87. Daming Calendar

Harmonization of calendars

89, trunk highway calendar

90. Cherish spring calendar

Li Zhiwei 9 1

92, B not yuan calendar

93. Five-star reunion calendar

94. Huiyuan Calendar

95. Unified calendar

96. Open the Jubilee Calendar

97, the Western Expedition Wuwu Yuan calendar

98. Chun Youli

99. Calendar of meetings

1100,000 yuan calendar

10 1, full-time calendar

102, this calendar

103 time calendar

104, health care calendar

105, hijri

106, big calendar

107, Longevity Calendar

108 Huang Zhongli

109, Gregorian calendar

1 10, new calendar

1 1 1, Xiaoan calendar

Shunzhi calendar 1 12

1 13 Constitutional Calendar

Guimao Yuanli 1 14

1 15 calendar

19) Is it really a symbol of imperial power?

A: Calendars are not feudal, but in feudal society, feudal owners controlled the formulation of calendars, but now the feudal system has been abolished, so it is no longer a symbol of imperial power.

Now the people are masters of their own affairs, and they have the right to use or modify their traditional calendar-the lunar calendar.

20) What is the lunar calendar date of Zheng He's first voyage to the West?

A: 1405 lunar calendar (which should be the calendar of timing) June 15 (Gregorian calendar July11);

2 1) What is the astronomical significance of the current lunar leap month?

A: Because the current solar terms in the lunar calendar are fixed and the lunar calendar is neutral, the lunar leap month also has its astronomical significance. The number of leap months in the lunar calendar indirectly reflects an unobvious astronomical quantity, that is, the recent year and date of the earth;

Most lunar leap months move backwards every 65,438+09 years, which fully reflects the eastward movement of the perihelion of the earth and the westward movement of vernal equinox. There are many leap months in the lunar calendar, but there are no leap months in December, which indicates that the perihelion is in November or December of the lunar calendar, and the apohelion is in May or June of the lunar calendar.

22) Is it possible for individuals to calculate the lunar calendar at this stage?

A: It is possible. Because with the popularization of astronomy and the improvement of people's scientific and cultural level, the calculation of the lunar calendar is no longer very mysterious. Now there are astronomy enthusiasts who use astronomy to calculate the electronic lunar calendar with high precision and excellent performance.

23) What system is commonly used for astronomical distance calculation?

A: The angle system, that is, astronomical azimuth and distance, is often expressed by angles.

24) What are the "three differences" involved in astronomical calculation?

A: Haze (caused by uneven atmospheric refraction), parallax (caused by the change of the observer's position) and aberration (caused by the change of the observer's moving speed).

25) Some people say that the 24 solar terms are subordinate in the lunar calendar, but are they really subordinate in the lunar calendar?

A: This statement is inappropriate and inaccurate. The twenty-four solar terms are really the theme in the lunar calendar, which is very important.

First of all, when calculating the lunar calendar, "winter solstice" is the first, and determining the winter solstice, that is, determining the age of the lunar calendar (whether it is 12 months or 13 months) is also very important in today's lunar calendar calculation (the tropic year is determined by its starting point).

In addition, 12 is the symbol of the lunar calendar, which is also an important foundation of the lunar calendar.

The "four stops" in 12 solar term is the official starting point of the traditional four seasons in China.

Marking solar terms in the lunar calendar itself embodies the main functions of solar terms, which is a sign that the lunar calendar is different from other foreign lunar calendars.

The solar term 12 is the starting point of our traditional calendar (China's zodiac calendar is a part of the lunar calendar, similar to the western zodiac).

In addition, the solar terms of the lunar calendar are "true solar terms" directly calculated by the longitude of the Yellow River, with high accuracy.

26) Why are lunar calendars and calendar calculations still unknown to people?

A: The lunar calendar is "mysterious" for the following reasons:

1, this is because the lunar calendar and calendar are very complicated and highly accurate astronomical work, which is difficult for ordinary people to calculate and master. But with the popularization of astronomical calendar and mathematics and the application of computers, this is not the main problem;

2) Lunar calendar has the function of predicting astronomical phenomena, and its calculation requires very accurate calculation and observation of astronomical constants and planetary orbits, which requires professional observatories to implement and publish astronomical constants;

Because the lunar calendar was monopolized by the ruling class in feudal society, it is very mysterious. Now that the feudal system has been abolished, the lunar calendar has returned to the hands of the broad masses of the people.

27) What celestial coordinates are commonly used in astronomical calculation?

Answer: Horizon coordinate system, time angle coordinate system, equatorial coordinate system and ecliptic coordinate system.

28) What are the astronomical conditions for "solar eclipse" and "lunar eclipse"?

A: The intersection of the ecliptic and the white road meets the sun and the moon, and the sun and the moon meet at the intersection.

29) What are "solar year" and "earth year"?

A: The solar year refers to the time when the sun is regarded as a week on the celestial sphere based on the coordinates of the celestial sphere extended by the earth (it may be a specific location such as vernal equinox or the same location).

It is a more objective embodiment that the Year of the Earth is called the Year of the Sun.

30) What are the ecliptic, the white road and the equator?

A: The ecliptic is the orbit of the sun on the celestial sphere;

The white road is the orbit of the moon on the celestial sphere;

The equator is a closed curve (ellipse or circle), which cuts the earth or celestial sphere at an angle of 90 degrees to both sides with the rotation axis of the earth and the center of the earth;

3 1) What are precession and nutation?

A: Because the direction of the earth's rotation axis rotates very slowly around the ecliptic, the vernal equinox (the intersection of Huang Chisheng) moves westward relative to the same point of the ecliptic, which forms precession; During the slow rotation of the earth's rotation axis around the ecliptic, the uneven distribution of matter on the earth and the gravity of planets such as the moon cause slight jitter, which is called nutation;

32) What basic mathematical knowledge is needed to calculate the lunar calendar?

Answer: Calculus, series, plane geometry, solid geometry, analytic geometry, trigonometry (including sphericity) and so on.

33) What astronomical points are needed for lunar calendar calculation?

A: Since the current lunar calendar is a fixed calendar, the calculation of the lunar calendar requires the time of the following astronomical points and the longitude of the Yellow River:

Perigee, apogee, conjunction of the sun and the moon, perihelion, apohelion, 24 solar terms, first quarter moon, full moon and last quarter moon; In addition, there are moments when the earth revolves to a certain point;

34) What are the three elements of the lunar calendar?

Answer: The sun (solar day), the new moon (the lunar part of the lunar calendar) and Qi (the solar part of the lunar calendar);

35) What's the difference between a fixed calendar and a flat calendar?

A: The calendar is calculated according to various average motion periods of celestial bodies. For the lunar calendar, it is flat (flat winding, flat looking and flat lower chord), the sun is flat and the lunar calendar is flat.

The cycles used in the calendar usually include tropic year, new moon, recent year, recent month, sidereal year, sidereal month, vernal equinox and so on.

The flat calendar does not involve the specific orbit calculation of celestial bodies, so it is simpler than the fixed calendar.

The fixed calendar is calculated by various special points of celestial bodies, which is the fixed new moon of the lunar calendar (setting the first string and setting the second string); For the sun, it has always been calm; For yin and yang, it has always been said that the new moon is fixed and the qi is fixed (the calendar of yin and yang only uses the new moon, and the semi-fixed calendar is one of the two);

Regarding the special astronomical points needed to determine the calendar, I asked, "What astronomical points are needed for the calculation of the lunar calendar?" Introduced in;

Calendar measurement involves the calculation of the specific orbit of celestial bodies, which is more complicated than the flat calendar, but it has a powerful function of predicting the sky.

The Gregorian calendar is a flat lunar calendar, the solar calendar (Gregorian calendar) is a flat solar calendar, and the ancient six calendars (Huangdi calendar, Zhuan Xu calendar, Xia calendar, lunar calendar, weekly calendar and Lv calendar) in the China lunar calendar (generalized lunar calendar) are flat yin and yang calendars;

The current lunar calendar in China is a fixed lunar calendar (in which the dry calendar is a fixed solar calendar);

36) What is a standard calendar?

A: A standardized calendar clearly specifies the number of days in each month and coordinates the corresponding astronomical period with a fixed leap week. This calendar is highly mathematical and has little to do with astronomical quantity, so it is transparent, easy to remember and calculate, and it belongs to a plane calendar;

Hijri and Gregorian calendars are standard calendars;

37) At present, some people still refer to the Gregorian calendar as the "new calendar", but is it appropriate to refer to the traditional calendar of China as the "old calendar"?

A: Not appropriate. Compared with calling the current lunar calendar "old calendar", calling the Gregorian calendar "new calendar" was the name of the early years of the Republic of China, but it was understandable in the Ming Dynasty (because the Gregorian calendar is a new calendar for China people, in fact, it is not new, and it is older than the current lunar calendar in China), but it is appropriate to call it this way after understanding the history of the Gregorian calendar;

The current Gregorian calendar (Gregorian calendar) is implemented in 1582, while the current China lunar calendar (time constitutional calendar, also called new calendar) is implemented in 1644, which is later than Gregorian calendar; Therefore, the old calendar (called the current lunar calendar in the early years of the Republic of China) is not old, and the new calendar (called the current Gregorian calendar in the early years of the Republic of China) is not new. China wants to use it because of its versatility;

At the same time, calling the lunar calendar "lunar calendar" (which is also inappropriate) is also the name of the early Republic of China. This name is only relative to calling the Gregorian calendar "Gregorian calendar".

38) What are cumulative chronology and periodic chronology?

A: The cumulative chronology is a chronology in which an initial year (epoch) is established, followed by uninterrupted and non-repetitive numbers;

Cyclic chronology is a cyclic chronology with a set of ordinal numbers (limited and fixed in number);

The current chronological method is cumulative chronological method, and the Gregorian calendar year is the first year of AD. The Chinese lunar calendar has always adopted the trunk and branch chronology method in the cycle chronology;

These two dating methods have their own characteristics. In addition, in the early years of the Republic of China, the Chronicle of the Yellow Emperor was presented (starting from the Spring Festival). Now it is mainly implemented abroad. After the Spring Festival in 2005, the year of the 4703 lunar calendar was the third year of the 48th lunar calendar in China.

39) What are the parts of the current lunar calendar in China?

A: The most fundamental part consists of two parts, namely, the lunar calendar and the solar terms, and other parts are derived from these two parts. It includes the following parts:

One is the calendar part of the lunar calendar (including the trunk and branch of the calendar, which is different from the trunk and branch calendar mentioned later); Second, solar terms and seventy-two periods; The third is miscellaneous solar terms; Fourth, the official calendar [the lunar calendar of the Chinese zodiac in China (twelve months, that is, the Chinese zodiac in China) is a part of the lunar calendar, which is based on the idea of "Twelve-Qi Calendar" written by Shen Kuo in the Song Dynasty. ];

Note: The lunar month corresponds to the degree of the Yellow Meridian of the Twelve Qi Sun.

The algorithm of the calendar in the lunar calendar is as follows: the starting point of the annual calendar is beginning of spring time in the lunar calendar (note that it is not 0: 00 on beginning of spring Day); The starting point of each month is twelve knots (note that it is not necessarily 0: 00 on Boxing Day); Use a long-term uninterrupted calendar method (China has used it for thousands of years); The time is fixed at 12, and the time comes from the current day.

Because the solar terms of the lunar calendar use the fixed qi, it corresponds to meridian 0 degrees from the vernal equinox, and from then on each solar term is 15 degrees, and the 24 solar terms of the ecliptic total 360 degrees.

40) What is the waiting time for the Lunar New Year?

A: After the twenty-four solar terms, China people refined the solar terms into climate, which is a smaller solar calendar unit in the China lunar calendar.

At the earliest, from beginning of spring, the waiting period was 5 days, and there were 73 days in a year (the last waiting period was 6 or 7 days), which was a simple flat weather (similar to flat weather);

Later, when it was combined with the twenty-four solar terms, the 1 climate was removed, which became the 72 climate from beginning of spring, that is, "one (one) trachea and three climates", which became the refinement unit of solar terms, making the flat gas correspond to the flat gas; The horizontal climate corresponding to steady gas is regarded as semi-steady climate;

Liu Zhuo, an ancient calendarist, put forward the theory of "timing", which means that every 5 degrees on the ecliptic is 1, not necessarily 5 days.

The current lunar calendar in China adopts a fixed atmosphere and a fixed climate;

Although all the above periods are not necessarily five days, the "waiting" as a unit of time is five days.

Personally, I think there is also a kind of "standard weather", just like the current "ten-day". There are three weather periods in one breath, the first two wait for five days, and then wait for 1 until the next solar term.

Climate is a necessary supplement to solar terms. Together with the twenty-four solar terms, it forms the solar calendar in the China lunar calendar. It is a unique solar calendar system in China lunar calendar, an important thought of China lunar calendar and our spiritual wealth.

4 1) did ancient Rome also use the yin-yang calendar?

A: They have, but the lunar calendar they use is very simple (it can't correspond to the moon well, and there is no solar calendar system similar to the 24 solar terms in China.

42) Why is the time unit of "one inch of time and one inch of gold" "inch"?

A: This sentence means that time is precious; However, time is measured in inches, because ancient people used sundials to measure time or used poles to measure the length of shadows. Of course, the unit of time is inches.

43) What are the zodiac signs?

A: Due to the influence of precession and nutation, there are not twelve constellations that depend on the sun now, but Ophiuchus has been shortlisted, thus changing from "Twelve Zodiac Constellations" to "Thirteen Zodiac Constellations". The new Ophiuchus is located in the middle of the time when the sun passes through Scorpio twice. See relevant materials of China Academy of Sciences for details.

In fact, the constellation takes the time when the sun moves to the same point (that is, the sidereal year) as the corresponding point, and takes the sidereal year as the cycle, which is about 365 days, 6 hours and 9 seconds; The difference between it and the tropic year is "precession";

44) What is the definition of "sea" in navigation?

Answer: Because longitude is often used in navigation, it is stipulated that every 1 angle on the earth's equator is divided into 1 nautical mile, which is 360 * 60th of the length of the earth's equator (about 40,076km) and is about1.852km.. ..

45) Is the statement that "the earth revolves around the sun once a year" accurate?

A: Strictly speaking, this statement is inaccurate, and it is an approximate vague statement, because the average calendar year of our commonly used calendar is close to the tropic year, and "the earth revolves around the sun once" actually refers to the sidereal year (6: 06: 09 in 365), which is precession from the tropic year (5: 48: 56 in 365).

46) At this stage, what is the goal of Gregorian calendar reform?

A: The objectives of the current Gregorian calendar reform are as follows:

The first is the reform of leap week, which changes leap week from 97 leap days in 400 years to more accurate 128 3 1 leap or other schemes;

Second, the reform of fixed number of days per month should generally adopt 30 days and 3 1 day or other schemes;

Third, the first year of reform is set in beginning of spring, on the average date of winter solstice; (Note that I also have plans to set it on the average date of the vernal equinox);

The fourth is the change of the times. The current era (the first year of A.D.) is in the middle of the development of human history, which brings inconvenience to upward calculation and has a strong religious color. It is suggested to change it to the early stage of the whole human civilization;

Fifth, the reform of the week, which is also the focus of debate. Many schemes cancel the continuity of the week, but adopt the "empty day" or "quasi-week" or change to the five-day system (leap year should also be quasi-Sunday).

47) What is the goal of perfecting the current lunar calendar?

Answer: The lunar calendar is not the official calendar of China, but a folk calendar. The main purpose of keeping it is to supplement the official calendar (Gregorian calendar) and protect our national folk culture, so it should emphasize its advantages and make it more one-to-one correspondence with the astronomical phenomena;

The objectives of reform and improvement are as follows:

The first method, leap method, uses the Qi calendar in leap method;

Secondly, the calendar method applies the most advanced theories and algorithms, such as the relativistic algorithm;

Third, the cumulative calendar year of the lunar calendar, the calendar year of the zodiac (the era of the Yellow Emperor) and the comprehensive calendar year were officially launched. For example, this year, after the Spring Festival in the solar calendar in 2005, it was the Year of the Rooster in 4703 and the Year of the Dog in 4704 in 2006.

Fourth, some of the 72 waiting names (incomprehensible, strange or inappropriate names) can be replaced by new waiting names (concise and clear);

The fifth is to increase the morning and evening shadows, sunrise and sunset tables and eclipse forecasts marked by latitude and longitude;

48) Why do three consecutive big months sometimes appear in the lunar calendar?

A: Because the current lunar calendar adopts a fixed new moon, that is, the first day is the day when the sun and the moon meet (this is a specific astronomical phenomenon, and there is no moon on this day), the number of days between the two first days is determined by the astronomical phenomena and is not fixed, so this situation is likely to occur.

The number of lunar months is very few, and it is four big months in a row.

Although the number of days in the lunar calendar is determined by the new moon, which brings some inconvenience to people's memory, it is more in line with the astronomical phenomena and more progressive in astronomy.

49) How to determine the size of the second day of the second lunar month?

A: In most parts of China, whether there is a thin crescent moon in the western sky can be observed after sunset (evening) on the second day of the lunar calendar. If there is a crescent moon, it means that the first day is late, so this month should be longer, but the big month is 30 days;

There is no new moon, which means that the first day of the lunar new moon happened earlier, and this one is shorter. This is a miscarriage, that is, the 29th.

This method is accurate in most cases, except in rare cases;

In the lunar month, the moon is generally sixteen times (looking at the sun), and in the abortion month it is generally fifteen times (looking at the sun);

50) Why is Wang Shuo's moon longer than the star moon by more than two days?

A: 1 Shuowang Moon (moon phase cycle) is about 29.53059 days, while the sidereal Moon (the time for the moon to make one revolution around the earth) is about 27.32 166 days. The difference between the two is more than two days. This is because while the moon revolves around the earth, the earth also revolves around the sun at a certain angle, so it can be seen that the moon is one.