Civilization stage of the Yellow River

The five emperors in the history of China are Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao, Yu Shun and Tai Hao and Shao Hao in Haidai. According to documents, their ethnic groups mainly multiplied, lived and developed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, creating a splendid early civilization of the Yellow River. At this time, the society was full of nationalities, battlements, socialization of agricultural production, specialization of handicrafts and standardization of etiquette. The polarization between the rich and the poor, the emergence of classes, and the rapid development of culture and art at this time, the Yellow River civilization is in the formation period of great blending, which can be called the primary stage of national civilization or Chinese civilization. Long before the emergence of human society, the Loess Plateau was already criss-crossed with ravines, and immeasurable loess poured into rivers. The input of the Yellow River is closely related to the sunspot activity cycle. The Yellow River overflows almost periodically, carrying sediment on the one hand and creating a vast and fertile alluvial plain on the other. It is on this yellow Yuan Ye that our ancestors created a splendid dry farming culture. The Yellow River nurtured the ancestors of the Yellow River civilization with her flexible and broad mind, and realized the great integration of Huangyan tribe and other tribal civilizations. This is the mother river of our nation. The relationship between the Yellow River and loess, water and soil is a geochemical process in nature, and it is hard to say whether it has been done or not. This side of the soil and water has given birth to splendid civilization and is also a process in the history of human development. The evolution of the Yellow River has given our nation far-reaching enlightenment and strength and become a symbol of our spirit. The secrets of the Yellow River itself, such as the periodicity of flooding, the periodicity of sediment discharge peaks and valleys, the mystery of several sudden sunny days in the history of the Yellow River, and the experience and lessons of managing the Yellow River from ancient times to the present, all deserve our long-term meditation. However, the surging Yellow River inspires our nation, but it is a spiritual banner that we should always publicize.

Walking along the Yellow River, in the initial stage of civilization, there are many cultural centers with regional characteristics scattered all over China. The unbalanced development of polycentricity is the characteristic of this period. The cultural center at that time can be roughly divided into five parts: northern culture, southern culture, culture along the Great Wall, northwest culture and northeast culture. The intersection of the North-South cultural transition zone and the East-West cultural transition zone, like a big cross, forms the most developed zone of prehistoric culture in China. This is the prehistoric cultural area of Xi- Luoyang-Kaifeng today, and it is also the birthplace of civilization in the Yellow River basin. The birthplace of ancient human civilization in the world is mostly located on the banks of rivers, lakes and seas or at the confluence of rivers. The Nile River in Egypt, the Ganges River in India, the Euphrates River and the Tigris River in Mesopotamia are the veins of ancient human civilization. The ancient two rivers cultivated irrigated agriculture, and also made the tree of literature and mathematics sprout and grow. The invention of the wheel made communication and trade a reality, and the appearance of cuneiform made the Babylonians truly civilized. So before 3500 BC, the first truth in the world was born in these two basins.

The right city. However, the ancient civilization of the two river basins was based on a single irrigated agriculture. Once the irrigation conditions were lost, the ancient civilization declined, so the ancient Babylonian civilization was buried in the eternal dust.

Our ancient culture is not. At that time, the East Asian monsoon was sweeping through China. Although the complex and diverse natural environment is not as easy to use as Lianghe City, it has created various ecological factors for our ancestors and laid an objective foundation for them to invent and create higher and more complex technologies to use natural conditions. Both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River originate from high mountains, not the plain Yuan Ye of Liangjiang City. Rivers spewing out of rocks can only be used with high technology, and the polycentric culture in a vast area makes the development of China culture not die because of the decline of a certain center. Therefore, the uninterrupted and sustainable development of ancient culture in China is an objective necessity.

Our Yellow River has been performing the drama of "Dragon Tail" in the North China Plain since ancient times. Frequent diversions, excessive floods and the formation of a large area of loess Yuan Ye provide a vast fertile and soft land for dry farming. The climate in this area is quite regular, and the rainy season is just in the growing period of crops. Therefore, millet, which is suitable for the growth of yellow soil belt, has a short maturity and is easy to preserve, has become the main food crop in this period. The ancient culture in the Yellow River Basin experienced its own long-term development and evolution, and fully absorbed the cultural essence of the surrounding areas, and finally became the mainstream of early civilization in China. The ancient cultural sites of the Yellow River cover almost the whole basin. The vast area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is the concentration of Yangshao culture, from Guanzhong in Shaanxi, Jinnan in Shanxi and Jinan in Hebei to most parts of Henan, and even as far as the borders of Gansu, Hetao, northern Hebei, eastern Henan and northwestern Hubei. The early representative was Jiangzhai in Lintong, Shaanxi. Facing the ruins of Jiangzhai Village, you will have infinite reverie. Where the ancient ancestors lived in groups, they brought you the ancient times. Magnetic mountain culture in central and southern Hebei, Peiligang culture in Henan, Laoguantai and Dadiwan culture in Guanzhong and Longdong are the predecessors of Yangshao culture. Majiadong culture and Qijia culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in Gansu are the late Yangshao culture, and the production and social development have entered a new stage. Some people even judge that the extension of Qijia culture may have belonged to slave society.

The culture of Haidai area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is self-contained, and the northern new culture, Dawenkou culture and Shandong Longshan culture come down in one continuous line. Some people say that it is also a branch of Yangshao culture, while others say that it is influenced by Liangzhu culture in the south, because the production of pottery and jade has the characteristics of Liangzhu culture. Some people even say that Dawenkou culture and Shandong Longshan culture are one of the independent cultural centers.

No matter how scholars point out ancient cultural relics, those silent cultural relics are telling us that in ancient times, the banks and terraces of the vast Yellow River basin were active for our ancestors. According to the research on the related documents of China ancient legend era and the archaeological culture, Yangshao culture, Zhongyuan Longshan culture and Shaanxi Longshan culture can be regarded as the cultural remains of the Chinese nation, while Dawenkou-Shandong Longshan culture belongs to Dongyi nationality. The two most powerful clans in China are Huangdi and Yan Di, and the Dongyi clan is Taiwei and Chiyou. Yan Di was born on the Jiang Shui River east of Qishan, Shaanxi Province, and the tribe entered the southeast of Henan along the Weihe River and arrived in Shandong.

The Yellow Emperor was good at helping the water, and led troops from northern Shaanxi to Zhuolu, Hebei. Dongyi people are distributed in Haidai area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and Shandong, eastern Henan, southern Henan and central Anhui are their active places. Yan Di, who entered Shandong, fought against the Chiyou tribe, and Yan Di, who was defeated, took refuge in the Yellow Emperor. The two tribes in Huangyan joined forces and set out the battlefield in Zhuolu to fight against Chiyou. At that time, Chiyou tribe had mastered high copper smelting technology, and its culture was before Huangyan tribe. The "Battle of Zhuolu" in the legendary period of ancient history was completely destroyed. The Huangyan tribe finally killed Chiyou, and part of its tribe merged into China, part of it retreated south to become the southern tribe today, and the other part crossed the sea. In fact, this war was a great collision and fusion of cultures in various regions and branches in the initial period of Chinese civilization. In the absence of information media in ancient times, migration wars were all means of cultural integration. It was this war that made the two cultures in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River merge into one, and even the Liangzhu culture in the Yangtze River valley merged into the Central Plains culture, making this Central Plains culture, as the essence of many cultures, the center of China's early civilization. It is hard to say that the copper smelting of Shandong Longshan culture is higher than that of Zhongyuan Longshan culture, and even the early symbols and characters did not have a far-reaching impact on Zhongyuan culture. The Central Plains culture finally became the core of early civilization represented by Xia and Shang bronze culture, precisely because it combined many advanced cultural factors. Therefore, Huangdi, Yan Di and Chiyou should all be the ancestors of the Chinese nation and should be revered forever.

More than 2,000 years ago, Xia Houshi, a descendant of the Chinese people, rose. On the basis of the development of productive forces to a certain level and the emergence of private ownership, a huge disaster has brought our nation into the era of Central Plains civilization. A flood that seemed to fall from the sky spread all over the Central Plains, and the story of Yu Xia's successful water control became a legend that the Chinese nation will never forget. With the help of this achievement, the last leader of Xia tribe elected by primitive society began the historical process of establishing the first slave society in China, the Xia Dynasty. Yu's prestige and Xia clan's advanced productivity made him the de facto leader of all ethnic groups. For those forces that hinder the development of Xia nationality, such as Sanmiao, Gonggong and Wuyu, they all attacked dispatch troops. Nothing can stop him. Hereditary system replaces abdication system. The key to class civilized society replacing primitive civilized society is in his hand. He is turning a new page in Chinese civilization. That year, it is said to be 2 1 century BC. This historic change took place in Henan more than 4,000 years ago.