What are the different customs of celebrating the Spring Festival in different parts of China?

The Spring Festival of Zhuang nationality lasts for three days from the 30th to the first and second days of the first month. On New Year's Eve, every household will kill chickens and ducks, steam braised pork, lean meat powder and barbecued pork. Rice should be steamed a lot on New Year's Eve, which symbolizes wealth. There should be boiled chicken, old people's families, stewed pig's trotters and whole chicken on the dining table. Zongzi is an indispensable food for the Zhuang people during the Spring Festival, but they don't eat zongzi on the eve of New Year's Eve. Zongzi of Zhuang nationality is a kind of aristocratic food, the big one weighs one or two years, and the small one weighs only two or three times. In addition, there is a kind of "Feng Mo", which means extra-large zongzi, weighing one or twenty kilograms. Zongzi is delicious. On the first and second day of the first month, guests will eat zongzi. During the Spring Festival, cultural and sports activities such as singing, dancing and ball games will be held.

The Tibetan New Year

According to the research of Tibetan scholars, in ancient times, Tibet celebrated the New Year not at the turn of winter and spring, but in summer. "Wheat ripens at the beginning of the year." "Under the snow-capped mountains, wheat turns yellow, and a happy New Year is coming." Now, in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, there is a tradition of "looking for fruit" before the autumn harvest. People wear ancient costumes, ride horses, pray in circles along the harvested highland barley, ride horses and shoot arrows, dance around the bonfire, and entertain themselves and the local patron saint. According to legend, this is a relic of the Spring Festival in June in ancient Tibet.

There is also the New Year on the first day of October in the Tibetan calendar, "the wheat harvest begins at the beginning of the year." The Kampot (Linzhi) area, 400 kilometers east of Lhasa, is surrounded by snow-capped mountains and virgin forests. It is still the first day of October in the Tibetan calendar and is called Kampot Lotha. According to the historical records of Tibet, the Kampot region has a very long history. Bonism, the primitive religion of Tibet, was very popular here long before the establishment of the Tubo Dynasty. The Tibetan calendar celebrates the New Year in October, which originated in ancient times.

Around the 3rd century, when the sagar dynasty ruled Tibet, Tibetans celebrated the New Year in the first month of the Tibetan calendar. However, farmers usually celebrate the New Year on the first day of1February, which is called "Solang Losa". Because in the first month of the Tibetan calendar, spring is budding, and farmers are not in the mood for the New Year when farming is busy.

Wear the most beautiful clothes and the most precious jewels in the new year. Even people with poor economic conditions should prepare a robe or one or two rough decorations for the New Year, which is called "Saju" in Tibetan, that is, new clothes. Of course, all this stems from the Tibetan people's love for beauty. However, there is also a saying that Xin Chou, the god king, wants to observe the life of the world from a bronze mirror. Everyone is wearing beautiful clothes. He is very happy, giving some benefits to the world. Wearing rags, he is depressed and brings disaster and plague. Therefore, wearing new clothes during the Spring Festival means pleasing the king of God.

On the third day of the first month, the people of Lhasa walked out of the noisy market in droves and went to Aquarius Mountain in the eastern suburb and Wangyaoshan Mountain in the western suburb, where they planted flags and hung banners to worship the mountain gods and water gods.

On the fifth day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar, farmers in the suburbs of Lhasa will hold a grand ploughing ceremony. Farmers wear holiday clothes, and strong cows are dressed more beautifully. They have ghee patterns on their foreheads, red flags and colored feathers on their horns, colored satin on their shoulders, shells and turquoise on the satin, and colored ribbons on their tails. It is no exaggeration to describe them as "beautifully dressed".

Mongolian nationality

The Mongolians always advocate white, so they call the first month of the lunar calendar "Bai Yue" and the Spring Festival in China "White Festival". Preparations for the Mongolian New Year began on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month. Besides cleaning, bathing and arranging yurts, people should also put on new clothes, red tassels and new saddles. Give the whole cow and sheep with Hada to their closest relatives and friends. Eat "hand-grabbed meat" on New Year's Eve to show family reunion. In the early morning of the first day of the first month, we first propose a toast to our elders and then propose a toast to our peers. Friends and relatives exchange Hada, congratulations on your good luck in the new year. On the first day, you must pay New Year greetings to your elders in the morning.

Bai (ba)

Bai people began to worship each other and give gifts to each other on New Year's Eve. After midnight, young men and women competed for water to show their diligence. In the morning, the whole family drank sugar water soaked with rice fragrance, wishing the days were sweeter than honey. After breakfast, the children, led by adults, went to their relatives and friends' homes to pay New Year greetings to their elders. Playing dragon lanterns, dancing lions and beating the overlord whip are essential activities in the festival.

Cloth (BY)

Buyi people should prepare festival foods such as Baba and rice wine before New Year's Eve, and stay up until dawn on New Year's Eve. When the cock crowed at dawn, the girls rushed to the river to fetch water. Whoever takes the first sip of water shows that she is the most hardworking and happy.

Korean nation

On New Year's Eve, Korean families stayed up all night, and the ancient Gayeqin and flute brought people into the New Year. During the festival, men, women and children indulge in singing and dancing, and hold competitions such as springboard pressing and tug-of-war. On the fifteenth night of the first month, a traditional celebration was held, and several elected old people boarded the "moon-watching frame" to see the bright moon first, which meant that their descendants were healthy, progressive and all the best. Then, everyone danced around the lighted "moon-watching frame" with the drum, flute and suona music.

Daur

The Daur people call the Spring Festival "Agne". On the morning of New Year's Eve, every family cleans the courtyard and piles it up with sundries and livestock manure in front of the gate. After the chimney is lit at night, the air is filled with faint smoke, and the festive atmosphere is everywhere. Old people throw large pieces of meat, steamed bread, jiaozi and other foods into the fire, wishing people and animals good health and a bumper harvest. In the evening, the whole family ate hand-grabbed meat and carried out various activities to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. People plant incense sticks in the snow on the west side of the house and bow to the west to show their memory of their ancestors. On New Year's Eve, everyone eats jiaozi, and jiaozi is wrapped with white lines, which means longevity. During the Spring Festival, there are hockey games, masquerade parties, listening to books and singing games.

high mountain

During the Spring Festival, people of Gaoshan nationality wear gorgeous national costumes, gather in groups to drink at the edge of the village, and enjoy singing and dancing with the accompaniment of musical instruments. Some villages also hold harpoon competitions and carry out sports activities, such as lifting basketball and pole ball.

Hezhe ethnic group

The Hezhe Spring Festival is the happiest program of the year. On New Year's Eve, everyone will cook New Year's Eve, cut window grilles and put up lanterns. On New Year's Day, girls, women and children all put on new clothes embroidered with clouds and went to friends and relatives' homes to pay New Year's greetings. Fish banquet is a delicacy for Hezhe people to entertain guests, including "raw fish" with sour and spicy flavor, "fried fish hair" with crispy flavor and transparent and bright red salmon roe. Skiing, shooting grass targets and crossing grass balls are the entertainment activities that Hezhe teenagers are obsessed with.

Lahu people

The Lahu people celebrate the New Year from the first day to the fourth day of the first month, and from the ninth day to the eleventh day of the first month. On the thirtieth night of the twelfth lunar month, pigs will be killed to make glutinous rice, and every household will make a pair of big Baba, which symbolizes the stars, indicating that in the new year, the weather is good and the crops are abundant. Lahu people also have the custom of getting together to keep the old age.

Manchu

Manchu people want stick grilles, couplets and the word "God" when celebrating the Spring Festival. On the 30th, the whole family hired jiaozi, and jiaozi paid attention to pleating, so he couldn't get rid of the "monk's head" jiaozi, fearing that he would be "bald" all his life. Jiaozi needs rows of bags, which symbolizes the wealth of the new year extending in all directions. Jiaozi can't be placed in a circle, for fear that there is no way to live.

She ethnic group

During the Spring Festival, she people should adopt homophonic characters and wish them good luck in the new year and stick to it every day. On the first day of New Year's Day, the She people paid homage to Pan Hu's ancestor, and the whole family paid homage to the "Pan Gu Zutu" (a portrait drawn according to the legend of Pan Hu), telling the hardships of their ancestors in starting a business.

Tujia nationality

Tujia people will dance "swing dance" during the Spring Festival. In the past, when dancing swing dance, three cages of curtains were hung in the "Wave Hall", in which the heads and hooves of pig heads, pork, incense sticks and wild boar were hung, and then the old toast in red cassock and crown waved and shouted with musical instruments, and all men, women and children participated, and then danced after worshipping God. Nowadays, Tujia people not only dance with their hands, but also play with dragon lanterns, lions, plays and martial arts.

Department of Veterans Affairs

Wa people congratulate each other on New Year's Day, especially the elders in the stockade. During the New Year's greetings, the two sides presented plantains, glutinous rice Baba and sugarcane to each other, symbolizing unity and harmony. Wa men and women in Cangyuan and other places gather in the square to dance in a circle on holiday nights, while elderly women wear long skirts. Dozens of people in a team, hand in hand on the shoulders of their predecessors, singing ancient songs and moving lightly.

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China is a multi-ethnic country, with 55 ethnic minorities besides the Han nationality. Although they have different languages, characters, lifestyles and customs, most people celebrate the Spring Festival as a major festival of their own nation. Daur nationality: Every year, Daur nationality in northern China has the habit of visiting the New Year. During the Spring Festival, people wear holiday clothes, visit each other and congratulate each other. Every household has steamed cakes. As soon as New Year visitors come in, the host treats them with steamed cakes. "Gao" is homophonic with "Gao" in Chinese. Treating each other with cakes means that their living standards will be further improved in the new year. During the festival, the Daur people also held songs and dances and sports activities, which lasted for half a month. Mongolians: It is a different scene for Mongolians in the north to celebrate the Spring Festival. Before the festival, every household prepared rams, various dairy products and several jars of wine. On New Year's Eve, people put on beautiful Mongolian robes, and the whole family sat among them to welcome the New Year. Eat and drink at midnight. Generally speaking, you should eat and drink more. The more wine and meat left, the better. This symbolizes that there is no shortage of wine and meat in the new year. On the morning of the first day of junior high school, men and women dressed in various costumes rode on war horses and rushed to "Haote" (township) in groups of three or five, stringing yurts one by one. When stringing bags, you should kowtow to the elders first, and then the son-in-law of the host family will toast the guests who come to string bags, and people will sing and dance. Zhuang nationality: The Zhuang nationality living in the south of China welcomes heroes and calls the Spring Festival "New Year's Day". On this day, people should congratulate each other no matter who they meet when they go out, thinking that this year can be auspicious. There is also a custom of getting old among Zhuang people, which is called "Chili Festival" by Zhuang people. The "Food Festival" is on the 30th of this month. It is said that more than 65,438,000 years ago, a Zhuang peasant armed force successfully returned after fighting against foreign invaders. At this time, the Spring Festival has passed. In order to welcome them, the Zhuang people celebrated the Spring Festival for them on the 30th of this month. Buyi people: Buyi people living in the southwest frontier of China are the earliest people who carry water. Every New Year's Eve, they stay up all night. At dawn, the girls scrambled to fetch water outside the house. Whoever picks up the first sip of water is the most hardworking girl. The Jingpo people there like to hold shooting activities before the Spring Festival, and the girls are the organizers and referees of this activity. They hung embroidered wallets on bamboo poles with thread and swayed from side to side at the top of the tree for young people to shoot. The girls will give the wine as a prize to whoever hits the wallet first. Wallets usually contain a coin, some millet and some decorative beads as a symbol of happiness. Hani people: A few days before the Spring Festival, the village where Hani people live has been full of excitement, and women are busy eating Baba. Baba is a kind of cake made of glutinous rice. The boys are busy chopping bamboo up the mountain, ready to set up a swing. The swings there are more than ten meters high, and Hani people like to swing regardless of gender, age and age. During the festival, everyone wears their favorite clothes and swings, showing a lively and harmonious holiday scene everywhere. Dai people: Young men and women of Dai people like to throw chaff bags. During the Spring Festival, boys and girls throw chaff bags at each other to see who can throw them correctly and who can catch them. After playing for a certain period of time, the girls quietly grabbed the broadsword, baotou cloth or tied the horse and ran home. If this young man has feelings, follow him. When parents saw their daughter coming back with a headscarf and a good horse, they held a party. In addition, April 13 every year is the Dai New Year, and it is also the most solemn festival of the Dai people-the Water Splashing Festival. They regard splashing water as a symbol of exorcism and decontamination, and also regard this day as the most beautiful and auspicious day. Gaoshan people: The Gaoshan people who surround the furnace live in Taiwan Province Province, China, and they have a different flavor during the Spring Festival. On New Year's Eve, families, old and young, sit around a round table with hot pot for dinner, which is called "around the stove". Women who usually don't drink should also take a symbolic sip of wine to show good luck. Vegetables eaten around the stove need not be cut with a knife. After washing, you should cook the roots together to show that you wish your parents a long life. If someone at home goes out, you should also leave a seat empty and put this person's clothes on the empty seat to show that the whole family misses him. Manchu: Manchu is divided into red, yellow, blue and white flags. During the Spring Festival, people with red flags insert red flags, people with yellow flags insert yellow flags, people with blue flags insert blue flags and people with white flags insert white flags. These flags are beautifully patterned and brightly colored, symbolizing the auspicious beginning of the year. During the festival, boys set off firecrackers in groups or swished on hills and ice in various homemade wooden sledges. Girls and young daughters-in-law wear newly-made flowery clothes, and play Galahad (kneecaps of pigs or cows) in groups of three or five. From the night of the first day to the fifth day, people also volunteered to organize yangko dancing to celebrate the New Year. A strong yangko team not only dances in this village, but also dances in other villages. Onlookers are often so happy that they forget fatigue and cold. There are even enthusiastic spectators-they follow the yangko team from village to village and don't return until dawn. Bai people: "Let Gao Sheng" Yunnan Bai compatriots celebrate the New Year in a way called "Let Gao Sheng". The so-called "soaring" means using a whole big bamboo and putting gunpowder in the bamboo joints. After lighting, the whole bamboo can collapse into the sky and become a veritable "soaring". In some areas, Bai compatriots, like Miao and Zhuang, have "throwing hydrangeas" from the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival. Anyone who can't catch the hydrangea should give each other a souvenir. Those who have missed the dance many times and can't exchange souvenirs show that they have accepted each other's love. Dong: Lusheng Club is a Dong compatriot in Guizhou and Hunan. During the Spring Festival, a mass activity called "Playing Dong Year" (also known as Lushenghui) prevailed. This activity is similar to the "group worship" of the Han nationality, but it is more joyful and enthusiastic than the "group worship". This kind of activity is usually held by two villages through mutual agreement. The two teams formally held a Song Lusheng and dance competition in the square. At this time, the audience in the two villages danced with the music and had a good time. Yi people: Tiaohu Maidichong Yi people in Shuangbai County, Yunnan Province have a special custom of "Tiaohu Festival" during the Spring Festival. On the eighth day of the first month, adult men in the village gathered at the site of the Earth Temple behind the village to kill chickens and offer "Mi Si" ("Mi" means earth, "Si" means master and "Mi Si" means god), and then "Bimo" in the village offered sacrifices to the land god to invite the tiger god. Eight villagers danced as tigers. "Tiger" has towering ears, a stout tail and tiger stripes all over the body. They drew a Chinese character "Wang" on their foreheads and hung a big bronze bell around their necks, which was very majestic. After Bimo held a farewell ceremony and invited the Tiger God, King Tiger led all the tigers into the village. During the whole Tiger Jumping Festival, the whole village was immersed in the joyful atmosphere of welcoming tigers, sending them away, watching them jump and driving away evil spirits. The local people believe that only through the annual traditional tiger jumping activities, offering sacrifices to the tiger god and praying for the blessings of their ancestors can all villagers have a bumper harvest every year, a prosperous population and a happier life. Sani nationality: Eating dumplings on New Year's Eve is called "thinking period" in Sani language. On New Year's Eve, it is very solemn to worship ancestors and eat New Year's Eve. In the afternoon, green branches are inserted in front of every house, and a straw hat is hung on the branches. This is a silent notice: please don't enter! No talking. Even people at home are not allowed to talk loudly. There is an interesting phenomenon in Sani language: "Tangyuan" and "Chinese New Year" are the same word, called "Kuanzima". Because we must eat glutinous rice balls during the Spring Festival. For half a month from the first day of the first month, people were immersed in joy. A bonfire party was held on the first night of junior high school, with folk songs duet and three-stringed Hu solo, which was simple and lyrical. Bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang. Sacrifice to the mountain gods on the second day and send Mars on the fourth day to drive away disasters and show human strength. On the afternoon of the second day of the Spring Festival every year, farmers take the cow out, walk around the center of the village several times, and put flowers tied with red cloth on its forehead to show their respect for its one-year contribution. I also fed it rice and fat pork to express my comfort to my close partner. Sani people have ancestor worship activities from New Year's Eve to the fifth day. From their admiration and nostalgia for their ancestors, we can find the cohesion of this nation and the beautiful things in traditional morality.