Is the Mid-Autumn Festival, a folk custom in July of the lunar calendar, more grand than the Mid-Autumn Festival, Purdue in southern Fujian?

The fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month is a traditional ghost festival in China-"July and a half", which Taoism calls the Mid-Autumn Festival. At this time, Minnan people have the custom of "Purdue", and its atmosphere is even more grand than the Mid-Autumn Festival. So today, the Old Yellow Calendar will introduce you to the folk custom of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, Pudu in southern Fujian, which is more grand than the Mid-Autumn Festival.

What are the main manifestations of Purdue worship? It should be said that it is a folk custom. "Purdue" was originally a Buddhist term to free all beings. As early as before the Han Dynasty, there were three festivals in China: Shangyuan Festival, Zhongyuan Festival and Xiayuan Festival. July 15 is the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is a festival to worship ancestors.

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Buddhism was introduced to China, which developed rapidly during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The story of "Mu Lian saves mother" circulated in Buddhism. Because the legend of Manglietia Manglietia Saving Mother coincides with China's traditional spirit of filial piety and ancestor worship, it was quickly accepted by people.

The Buddhist Bonsai Society, which was initiated by Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties and centered on the story of Mulian saving his mother, was gradually replaced by the Mid-Yuan Festival. The Qianlong edition of Quanzhou Fuzhi contains: "Worship comes first in the mid-Yuan Dynasty, and the temple is Yulan Society, with a common name of Pudu. Southland customs, Mid-Autumn Festival night, each family has its own vegetarian sacrifice, Luo is outside the door or squatting, wishing the dead and the injured wild ghosts. "

The Origin of Purdue in South Fujian Purdue activity in the Central Plains of Fujian is the most serious in South Fujian. When it came into being is not clearly recorded in the history books, but what is certain is that it has become a common custom in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are many different legends about the origin of Purdue in southern Fujian.

One said that Mu Lian saved his mother and opened the door to hell. Many ghosts took the opportunity to sneak out and wander around the world. In order to prevent these ghosts from doing harm to others, Mulian and Yan agreed to sacrifice the dead every July, let them eat and drink for a month, and then cheat them back to the city of death for detention after eating and drinking.

Another said that in the early Qing Dynasty, Han people were forced to shave their heads, many people who refused to shave their heads were killed, and many people died in Quanzhou. One day, eight old Ming Dynasty adherents with hair came down from the mountain and entered Quanzhou city one after another. They were killed by soldiers guarding the city because they didn't want to shave their heads. These eight people became ghosts, and every windy and rainy night, they cried far and near.

Quanzhou people set up eight shrines for them in Jinxian Palace in the northwest of the city. Every Mid-Autumn Festival, many people come to offer sacrifices. Later, because it is said that these eight poems are very obvious, worshippers gather during the Mid-Yuan Festival, and disputes often arise because of the struggle for the incense table before the gods.

During the Qianlong period (1736- 1796), some gentry advocated that each family should hold a banquet in front of their own house for remote sacrifice, and it was agreed by public discussion that every year from the beginning of July, each shop would hold Pudu in turn every day to sacrifice these eight dead souls and all the lonely souls without owners. Although these statements are not based on historical facts, many people believe in them.

The types of Pudu in southern Fujian are divided into "public Pudu" and "private Pudu". "Gongpu" is the Mid-Autumn Festival. Villages hold festivals around temples, with different dates, mostly in mid-July. In old temples, lanterns were erected, water lanterns were put on, altars and sheds were set up, Buddhist scriptures were recited, and ghosts and gods wandered.

"Private Pu" is a family-based sacrifice, with different dates in different villages. Generally, it lasts for one month from July 1 day to July 30, and some counties even last for several months. On the first day of the seventh lunar month, it is commonly known as "opening the door of hell". The gates of hades are closed, and ghosts flock to the world. Therefore, in the afternoon of July, every household has to sacrifice and burn paper money at the door, thus opening the prelude to Purdue.

The 30th day of the seventh lunar month, commonly known as "the gate of hell", is a kind of wandering soul that will be released together among the dead at the beginning. After they have had enough to eat, drink and eat, they will return to hades every day, and every family will worship again, and the annual Purdue will come to an end.

In the early historical development of Pudu in southern Fujian, Pudu in southern Fujian was held on the same day. Due to wandering souls and other reasons, disputes often occur, and even clan struggles are triggered. To this end, it is agreed through consultation that all streets, lanes and villages take turns to ferry. Although disputes between clans and village communities have been avoided to a certain extent, they have also produced bad habits such as fighting for luxury, drinking and making trouble, and gathering people to make trouble. Others are busy with banquets. Eating and drinking for more than ten days in this township today and in this village tomorrow will not only hurt the stomach, but also delay production. The disadvantages are obvious.

Purdue developed to later generations and became more and more fierce. In addition to the so-called "Zhengpu" in July, it comes again in leap July every year, and in some places it is "resumed" once in August, and the "Shuipu" is held every eight years in coastal areas. In Jinjiang, Tongan and other places, "Purdue" lasted until the end of September of the lunar calendar, which was even more harmful.

Some people of insight have long criticized this extravagant Purdue activity and attacked it. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Wu Zeng, a native of Quanzhou, wrote a poem: "If you curse more, you are not afraid of ghosts. In July, I actually held an orchid festival. Every year, Yulan Society is very lively, obsessed with money, killing fish and turtles, slaughtering pigs and sheep, worshiping monks, coming on stage, and fireworks shining all night. Small towns spend millions, and big towns spend tens of millions. Why not move this paragraph to the elementary school in the countryside? " (Spring Custom Stimulus: Orchid Pot).

However, due to this long-standing and deep-rooted habit, the wind of Purdue is still getting worse and worse, and the people are unbearable. At one time, some people even borrowed from loan sharks and sold their children. The people hated it, but because of the poison of feudal thought, they had to yield to the great pressure of traditional habits.

Until 1949, after the founding of the new China, cities and counties in southern Fujian, under the guidance of the education of the people's government, mobilized the masses to make village rules and regulations, and did not engage in purdue, treat guests, eat and drink, or make trouble through excessive drinking. Cadres at all levels have also gone deep into rural inspection and supervision, and the wind of Purdue has greatly converged. Although there were frequent incidents in the meantime, the scene was far worse than before.

Now the Mid-Autumn Festival on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month, every household in southern Fujian chooses to worship at home. Compared with earlier years, the choice of sacrifices is more abundant, and incense sticks and paper money are gradually replaced by more environmentally friendly flowers. At the same time, in some temples or ancestral halls, Purdue ceremonies will be held, and monks will worship together.

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