A brief introduction to Dunhuang history: the development history of Dunhuang

1. In the Spring and Autumn Period, this place was named Guazhou because of its "good real estate". During the Warring States Period, the State of Yue gradually became stronger, annexed Qiang people and drove away Wusun who belonged to the State of Yue. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Huns who lived in the north rose, defeated the Yue people and occupied Dunhuang. When Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty counterattacked the Huns, the Huns were forced to "go far away" and Hexi area was incorporated into the territory of the Han Dynasty. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan (before 1 1 1), Dunhuang County was established, which means "Dun, Great Cause, Brilliance and Prosperity", and it was one of the four counties in Hexi.

2. Zhang Qian's "hollowing out" trip to the western regions opened the far-reaching Silk Road. When Xin Mang was renamed Dunde. Founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was renamed Dunhuang County. Dou Rong led Hexi to surrender. As the northern Xiongnu controlled the western regions, Dunhuang County not only shouldered the heavy responsibility of resisting the Xiongnu attack. During this period, Dunhuang's economic development and status improved, and the deputy governor in charge of western affairs of the central government stationed in Dunhuang and became the military and political center for governing the western regions.

3. After Cao Pi usurped the throne, he sent troops to wipe out the separatist forces in Hexi and appointed Yin as the magistrate of Dunhuang. During the Western Jin Dynasty, a number of famous Confucian scholars appeared in Dunhuang, such as Song Xian, Suoyin and Teng. Liang Qian was in the desert, and the sandbar was here, which later became the capital of Xiliang.

4. When the Eastern Jin Dynasty was cool, Dunhuang, Jinchang and Gaochang counties set up sandbanks together with Duhu, Wu Si and Yumen Sanying in the Western Regions. In the second year of the former Qin Dynasty (366), the Mogao Grottoes were excavated; In the fourth year of Longan (400 years), Li established a cool country in the west, with Dunhuang as its capital.

5. In the early Northern Wei Dynasty (439), Dunhuang Town was established, Guazhou was established in 526, and Dunhuang was the governing place. During the Han and Wei Dynasties, there were frequent wars, but Dunhuang's economy became increasingly prosperous, and the Central Plains culture spread and Buddhism spread eastward, becoming the cultural center of Wuliang. Shazhou was founded in the early Northern Zhou Dynasty and was named Mingshan County in 564. It belongs to Dunhuang County and was named after Mingsha Mountain.

6. In the early Sui Dynasty, Guazhou was abolished as a county, and Dunhuang was occupied by nomadic Turks and Tuyuhun people in the early days. After Yang Di ascended the throne, he sent troops to break Tuyuhun, and the western Turks were forced to surrender and regain control of Dunhuang, and the Silk Road was reopened. In the third year of Daye (607), Dunhuang County was restored, and Baming Shaxian County was renamed Dunhuang County.