What ideas did Huang Zongxi put forward, and what practical significance and historical influence were there?

Huang Zongxi put forward the democratic thought of "the world is the mainstay and the monarch is the guest". He said that "the rule of chaos in the world is not the rise and fall of a surname, but the sadness and joy of the whole people", and advocated replacing the emperor's "one family law" with "the law of the world", thus limiting the autocratic monarchy and safeguarding the people's basic rights. Huang Zongxi's political views attacked the feudal monarchy, which is of great significance and is of great significance to the anti-authoritarian struggle in the future.

What is the progressive significance of Huang Zongxi's viewpoint?

1, Democracy, People-oriented Thought Huang Zongxi, Gu, Wang Fuzhi and others are the representatives of China's people-oriented and democratic thought in the Ming Dynasty, and Ming Yi to be visited is an important work in this field. Huang Zongxi put forward that "the world is the mainstay, and the monarch is the guest", and officials should "serve the world, not the monarch"; For all, not for the same surname ","What the son of heaven does is not necessarily right, and what the son of heaven does is not necessarily wrong ","Where there is a rule of law, there must be someone to govern ","What governs the world must come from the school "(school refers to an institution)," What is wrong is in the school "and so on. Some scholars believe that Huang Zongxi's thought still belongs to the monarch and has not yet reached the standard of modern democratic thought. In the theory of civil rights, it has surpassed Rousseau in Europe. 2. Huang Zongxi's law. Huang Zongxi's law means that China has carried out tax reform in history. Although many tax reforms are aimed at reducing the peasants' burden and improving the national finance, the peasants' burden has indeed been reduced in a short time after each tax reform, but then it has increased to a higher level than before the reform, and the national finance has not been improved in the end.

3. Philosophically, it is opposed to the theory that "reason comes before qi" in Song studies, and it is considered that "reason" is not an objective material entity, but the law of qi movement. It believes that "temperament and people's hearts are completely popular, and things are also universal", which has the characteristics of materialism. The view that "heaven and earth are all hearts" has an idealistic tendency. This was served with Huang Zongxi.

4. Political and economic views advocate land reform, tax system reform and political system reform, and oppose the traditional emphasis on agriculture over commerce, believing that "industry and commerce are fundamental".